Major Principles Research Articles

Is trophy hunting a real sport?

One of the most confusing and least academically understood fields of the tourism industry at global level is ironically the lucrative and highly priced phenomenon of big game hunting which is often carried out as a means of recreational sport. Colloquially known variously as trophy hunting, sport hunting or safari hunting, the practice of big game hunting represents one of the fastest growing and perhaps most controversial aspects of both sport and income generating activities involving wildlife exploitation. The multi-billion-dollar industry, which is often targeted for criticism by animal rights groups that oppose killing of animals on moral grounds, is examined critically from a pro-hunting perspective. In a bid to establish whether trophy hunting qualifies as a true sport or not, the study unravels how human lust for money has reduced trophy hunting into a mafioso-like syndicate with little or no scruples for sporting and conservation principles which are essential ingredients to qualify hunting as a true sport. This study is therefore a milestone not only in putting together major principles upon which trophy hunting bases its claims as a sport, but also in unravelling secretive abuses of wildlife that deny trophy hunting the status of sport that its original hunting philosophers had envisaged.

Пробелы правового регулирования публичного сервитута в целях строительства линейного объекта системы газоснабжения

The article examines the legislation regulating the implementation of public servitude for the purpose of operation, reconstruction, and construction of linear facilities of the gas supply system. The author identifies gaps in the rules of law and issues that arise in the application of these rules at all stages of the public servitude validity. The paper analyzes the major conditions and principles governing the approval of public servitudes in relation to privately owned land plots and the mechanism of formation of payment for the use of public servitudes. The author emphasizes the necessity of detailing certain concepts and improving existing rules, given that the rules introduced in 2018 pertaining to the approval of public servitudes for specific purposes, including for the operation, reconstruction and construction of engineering facilities for the gas supply system, require supplementation and partial amendment. This is due to the fact that they do not fully align with the State’s objectives of gasifying the country in the shortest possible time.

English-Chinese Bilingual Teaching: A DECTMT-NBO-DMSFNN Approach for Design and Application of Machine Translation Technology

This manuscript introduces a bilingual teaching model prediction system called Deep Multi-Scale Fusion Neural Network (DMSFNN). The system utilizes data from the Back-end database, and a pre-processing step is performed to remove noise and imperfect texts using the Adaptive Iterated Guided Filtering method or a global constant score. The English-Chinese Machine Translation (MT) method presented in this research uses Domain-Specific English-Chinese Machine Translation Namib Beetle Optimization-Deep Multi-Scale Fusion Neural Network (DECTMT-NBO-DMSFNN) to address the issues with current translation systems’ frequent and time-consuming mistranslations. The translation process is improved by NBO-DMSFNN after examining the major principles and particular approaches of computer translation from English to Chinese. Pre-processing is done on the English to Chinese translation text data, and DMSFNN quickly extracts and classifies the text's features. The DECTMT-NBO-DMSFNN approach introduces a novel bilingual teaching model for English-Chinese Machine Translation method. Leveraging DMSFNN and NBO, it effectively addresses noise in data through pre-processing, utilizes a Back-end database, and employs feature extraction with the Bilingual Bag-of-Words approach. This unique integration enhances bilingual teaching model prediction and improves English-Chinese MT. Notably, DECTMT-NBO-DMSFNN achieves accuracy level of 99.5% in both languages.

Towards “transformative” resilience for the sustainability of Industry 4.0

This study deals with both resilience of production systems in the Industry 4.0 context and the urgent need to take sustainability into account in their management. The “transformative resilience” concept is discussed, leading to go beyond the classical view of resilience as a recovery approach after disruption. After a reminder of the need to sustainable production systems, the major principles of classical resilience are highlighted. Then, issues and features of the transformative resilience are presented, leading to emphasize the need to reconsider the “steady equilibrium” state in which production systems are and tend to come back to after disruption as well as to revisit the way industrial performance is currently evaluated and managed. Conclusion and remarks end this preliminary work that has to be continued into the development of an operational framework for integrating this resilience into the management of sustainable Industry 4.0 production systems.

Influencer Marketing and Consumer Behavior During Pandemic Covid-19: A Scenario of Textile Industry of Pakistan

Purpose: The perseverance of this study is to examine how the influence of marketing via V-logging on Instagram has changed consumers’ buying behavior in the current pandemic in Pakistan.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed the 'media richness theory,' which states that there are various types of communication channels, each of which tends to be richer than the others based on two major principles associated with those channels: the first is a communication's tendency to provide sufficient feedback, and the second is the cues the medium can provide.
 Findings: By exploring the factors that are affecting the buying intentions of consumers using Instagram adverts, the research study attempted to portray a new yet different viewpoint on the use of media richness theory. The study purports to examine the role of social media influencers in changing consumer purchase intention in Pakistan during the Pandemic and the chances that it may remain uniform even after the pandemic passes for young Pakistani consumers only.
 Implications/Originality/Value: 
 Finding of the study suggests that as social media play a key role in changing consumer purchases intentions. Thus, this could be improved and ought to be in more realistic way for the benefit of society.

Social networks and digital identity: what freedom in an misanthropic space?

One of the fundamental principles of democratic systems is freedom of the press, which is enshrined in freedom of opinion and expression. It is within this major democratic principle that the irruption of social platforms in the long history of communication channels and the media is inscribed. This communication aims to show that democratic progress, by means of social networks, is far from assured. These networks, which are supposed to breathe new life into the democratic dynamic, have transformed it into a place where the hatred and violence that are at the root of social crises can be demonstrated. However, the idea of a humanization of social networks in the light of all-out development away from state regulation is essential. This humanization will have its quiddity through education and digital culture to avoid social and moral excesses. Keywords: Social crisis, Democracy, Digital Humanities, Freedom of speech, Social media.

"All for One and One for All": The Secreted Heat Shock Protein gp96-Ig Based Vaccines.

It has been 50 years since Peter Charles Doherty and Rolf M Zinkernagel proposed the principle of "simultaneous dual recognition", according to which adaptive immune cells recognized "self" and "non-self" simultaneously to establish immunological efficacy. These two scientists shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this discovery. Their basic immunological principle became the foundation for the development of numerous vaccine approaches against infectious diseases and tumors, including promising strategies grounded on the use of recombinant gp96-Ig developed by our lab over the last two decades. In this review, we will highlight three major principles of the gp96-Ig vaccine strategy: (1) presentation of pathogenic antigens to T cells (specificity); (2) activation of innate immune responses (adjuvanticity); (3) priming of T cells to home to the epithelial compartments (mucosal immunity). In summary, we provide a paradigm for a vaccine approach that can be rapidly engineered and customized for any future pathogens that require induction of effective tissue-resident memory responses in epithelial tissues.

Путь к империи: становление придворной художественной культуры в России в петровское время

In the course of the project, the author investigates the area of Russian court art culture in the first quarter of the 18th century associated with the formation of the new state ceremonial. For the first time, the authors cover practically all key ceremonies regulating the life of the monarch and his family: coronation, marriage and funeral ceremonies, triumphs and ceremonial meetings organized both in Russia and abroad. The article follows the development of the major principles of festive and mourning decorations and — to the extent possible — their further development throughout the 18th century. Particular attention is paid to symbols of power and insignia, as well as the jewellery art at the Russian court. Based on the materials collected, the author uncovers the circumstances of the design and use of a number of graphic works, regalia, orders, and precious settings for the court jewels, elucidated the typology and terminology of jewellery, and significantly expanded the existing understanding of the work of the craftsmen who executed the royal orders of the Romanovs.
 In the process of this research, the project team introduced the unpublished graphic and written materials, new facts and names, made a number of attributions and clarifications, including terminology.
 The findings are presented in the published collective paper, which contains besides the authors’ text the annexes comprising the publication of the 18th century documents and rich illustrations (more than 330 images): Tyukhmeneva E.A., Bykova J.I. A Path to Empire: Formation of the Art Culture at the Russian Court of Peter the Great. Ceremonies, Regalia, Jewels. Moscow: BooksMArt, 2022 — 448 p: illus.

Decisions of the General Meeting of Shareholders in a Limited Liability Company, Legislative and Doctrinal Aspects

The decisions of general meetings embody the social will, which is forged in the course of debates through the joint, collegial effort of the participating members, driven by a unitary interest of the limited liability company. The resolutions of general meetings have therefore been described as collective legal acts, the manifestation of a collective will, which incorporates the individual wills of the members who participate together in its conclusion and which is formed on the basis of the majority principle, according to which the majority signifies the will of society, governed by a general interest, which justifies the sacrifice of the minority of members. This is also the reason why resolutions are binding on members who did not attend the general meeting or who voted against the majority decision and asked for it to be included in the minutes of the meeting, provided that they were validly adopted.

RETRACTED: An assessment of photovoltaic module degradation for life expectancy: A comprehensive review

Determining the life expectancy of a photovoltaic (PV) system involves many factors, including the assessment of photovoltaic module degradation. Degradation of PV modules is a normal process that develops over time as a result of a number of factors, including UV radiation exposure, thermal cycling, and weathering. The degradation rate, which is the percentage decline in module efficiency per year, is an often-used indicator for evaluating PV module deterioration. Depending on the type of module (crystalline silicon (c-Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) and the environment, degradation rates can vary greatly, although studies have indicated that most modules degrade at a rate of 0.5% to 1% per year. Additionally, the review focuses on developing PV technologies, like dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic PVs (OPVs), and metal halideperovskite (MHP) solar cells, where relevant long-term degradation strategies have not yet entirely developed and the majority principles are not completely understood owing to their lower to medium technological maturity levels. Nonetheless, a thorough overview of the established stability issues related to every new photovoltaic technology is provided. There are a number of techniques that can be employed, including visual inspection, electrical performance testing, and infrared imaging, to evaluate the degradation of a PV module. Through the use of accelerated stress testing (AST), photovoltaic (PV) modules can be subjected to the consequences of years of operation in a fraction of the time. The goal of AST is to assess how well PV modules hold up over the long term in situations like high temperatures, humidity, and UV exposure. A PV module is put through a series of environmental circumstances that are more demanding than ordinary working conditions in order to perform an accelerated stress test on it. To calculate the module's rate of deterioration over time, data from an accelerated stress test can be used. This data is crucial for estimating the module's long-term performance and dependability as well as formulating plans to increase the lifespan of PV systems. Manufacturers, researchers, and designers of PV systems might benefit from using AST to assess the performance of PV modules in challenging environments and make sure they adhere to industry standards for toughness and dependability. Therefore, in this study, degradation factors, along with other parameters like the accelerated-stress tests linked to PV module degradation, to predict the life expectancy of various PV system especially matured PV systems, has been examined. This paper concludes by reviewing the lessons learnt from established photovoltaic technologies and discussing potential applications for these insights in the research and development of forthcoming technologies. Specifically, industry-standard accreditation tests must ultimately be passed by any developing PV technology, and advanced c-Si-based module warranties may be prolonged beyond the 25-year limit.

To evaluate the relevance of Panchakarma Sutra “Jwarmukte Virechanam” by estimating the status of Doshas in post covid patients

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an infectious disease and is commonly called Covid-19. It affects the human respiratory system causing difficulty in breathing. It is a contagious disease and has been spreading across the world like wildfire. The virus was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. In March, WHO declared Covid-19 as a pandemic that has been affecting the world. Most of the infected patients have recovered from the disease. However, many cases are suffering from various symptoms after recovery from the disease which are different from covid-19 symptoms and can be called as post covid symptoms. Jwar is one of the major symptoms of covid 19 disease. A major treatment principle of Jwar is given by Acharya Bhava Prakash which is “Jwarmukte Virechanam” which means after the recovery of Jwar, Virechana should be given. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of Dosha Prakopa Lakshan and its relevance in post covid management. Objective: To evaluate the incidence of Dosha Prakopa Lakshana in patients recovered from Covid-19 and to perform Virechana Karma in 15 patients recovered from Covid-19 and assess the status of Dosha before and after administering Virechana. Methods: It is Interventional, Prospective, Single arm study. Total of 100 complete patients met the criteria of the clinical study, selected for observational study to find the Dosha Prakopa Lakshan and out of these 100 patients, 15 are selected randomly to perform Virechana Karma and to assess Virechana Karma effect in post covid condition. Result: Dosha Prakopa Lakshan were statistically analyzed and mean of Pitta Prakopa Lakshan in Post covid symptoms is significantly high. Virechana Karma shows significant improvement in Vata, Pitta and Kapha Prokopa Lakshan but results are more significant in Pitta Prakopa Lakshan. Conclusion: Patients recovered from covid - 19 exhibits symptoms of Pitta Pakopa Lakshan. Virechana Karma was found effective in reducing Dosha Prakopa Lakshan irrespective of Dushti in post covid patients.

Proposition de réforme de l’expertise psychiatrique et de l’expertise psychologique présentencielles en France par la mise en place d’une expertise mentale de qualité

It is regularly observed that in France “psychiatric expertise” and “psychological expertise” for criminal trials can present two pitfalls in their implementation: the lack of experts (psychiatrists experts in particular) and possible content that is sometimes erroneous. Given the number of psychiatrists and psychologists, these two terms of expertise could be abandoned in favor of a single concept of “mental expertise” carried out indifferently by psychiatrists or by psychologists selected as being well trained, professionally experienced and competent to carry out these missions. This decompartmentalization with the establishment of some other major principles (creation of a clinical and legal consensus of mental expertise, obligation of harmonized and updated training of experts, taking into account the professional experience of experts, time spent and appropriate periods for carrying out expert assessments, revaluation of expert acts, development of research on expertise, creation of body(ies) for the control and regulation of expert practices) could make it possible to make available to justice and litigants with sufficient numbers of quality experts throughout the national territory.

The revision of the Bioethics Act, two years on: major principles and consequences for practice in the reproductive biology laboratory

Since 1994, in France, bioethics law has set the regulatory framework for Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR). The latest revision of the law of August 2, 2021, is characterized by major upheavals in the field of MAR and intervenes in several areas: the purpose and conditions to access to MAR, access to origins in the case of gamete or embryo donation, and gametes cryopreservation without medical indication. Indeed, the law authorizes, because of a strong societal demand, the extension of sperm donation to couples of women and unmarried women, as well as the possibility for any person to preserve his/her gametes if he/she meets the age criteria defined by decree. Finally, the law opens the possibility for people born following gamete or embryo donation to have access, from their 18th anniversary, to identifying and/or non-identifying data. These new measures have led to a very important number of MAR requests to fertility and donation centers, and have required the implementation of new circuits in order to harmonize care, without discrimination or prioritization.

Temperature‐dependent extraction and chromatographic recovery and characterisation of ellagitannins with potent antioxidant and glycaemic control properties from ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate peel

SummaryPomegranate peel contains bioactive ellagitannins including punicalagin, a major bioactive principle. However, studies have not optimally recovered and evaluated these ellagitannins for their antioxidant and glycaemic control potential. In the present study, a temperature‐dependent extraction was employed to optimally recover bioactive ellagitannins and punicalagin from pomegranate (variety ‘Wonderful’) peel. The peel was extracted with distilled water at different temperatures (25, 37, 50, 65, 78 and 95 °C) and evaluated for phenol and flavonoid contents, in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. XAD16N resin was used to recover tannins from the extracts and punicalagin was purified from the tannin recovered from the 78 °C crude extract. LC–MS was used to characterise the ellagitannins profile. The dose‐dependent anti‐lipid peroxidative and glucose uptake potential of the punicalagin and its parent crude extract and tannin were measured. The extract obtained at 78 °C had the highest phenolic, flavonoid, tannin and punicalagin contents, which potentiated stronger radical scavenging, ORAC (IC50 = 9.64 vs. 15.6 and 25.6 μg/mL, respectively), anti‐linoleic acid peroxidative (IC50 = 9.97 vs. 19.9 and 27.3 μg/mL, respectively) and antiglycation (IC50 = 29.1 vs. 34.2 and 79.1 μg/mL, respectively) activities than the extract and the purified punicalagin. Similarly, the cellular anti‐lipid peroxidative and glucose modulatory effects of the recovered tannin (IC50 = 3.67 μg/mL; EC50 = 14.8 μg/mL) better than that of the extract (IC50 = 24.3 μg/mL; EC50 = 55.0 μg/mL) and the purified punicalagin (IC50 = 59.0 μg/mL; EC50 = 112 μg/mL), which may be attributed to the complementary action of the tannin's constituent compounds (punicalagin, ellagic acid, granatin A, corilagin, casuarinin, gallic acid and quercetin hexoside). The α‐amylase inhibitory data, however, suggest the purified punicalagin influences enzyme inhibitory potential of pomegranate peel. The study suggests tannin/ellagitannin purified from pomegranate peel aqueous extract obtained at 78 °C may be a promising dietary supplement for exerting glycaemic control and mitigating oxidative stress.

Targeted perturbation of signaling-driven condensates

Biomolecular condensates have emerged as a major organizational principle in the cell. However, the formation, maintenance, and dissolution of condensates are still poorly understood. Transcriptional machinery partitions into biomolecular condensates at key cell identity genes to activate these. Here, we report a specific perturbation of WNT-activated β-catenin condensates that disrupts oncogenic signaling. We use a live-cell condensate imaging method in human cancer cells to discover FOXO and TCF-derived peptides that specifically inhibit β-catenin condensate formation on DNA, perturb nuclear β-catenin condensates in cells, and inhibit β-catenin-driven transcriptional activation and colorectal cancer cell growth. We show that these peptides compete with homotypic intermolecular interactions that normally drive condensate formation. Using this framework, we derive short peptides that specifically perturb condensates and transcriptional activation of YAP and TAZ in the Hippo pathway. We propose a "monomer saturation" model in which short interacting peptides can be used to specifically inhibit condensate-associated transcription in disease.

Quantum color image watermarking scheme based on quantum error correction coding * *This work was supported by the Open Fund of Advanced Cryptography and System Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Grant No. SKLACSS–202208), the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. KJZD-M202000501) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61772295).

Quantum image processing, which merges classical image processing techniques with quantum computing, provides exceptional storage capacity and unparalleled parallel computing power. In this study, we present a quantum color image watermarking scheme that employs quantum error correction codes to address issues such as pixel loss and image distortion during watermark embedding and extraction. By utilizing the least significant bit method to embed the color values of the watermark image into those of the carrier image, we improve the scheme’s robustness. We also address the error correction capabilities of channel coding for phase-flip errors and follow the majority principle, resulting in more accurate extraction of the watermark image’s color and enhancing the watermarking scheme’s reliability and integrity. Our experimental simulations demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme boasts high security, strong robustness, and excellent concealment.

Targeted drug delivery approaches for the management of tumors

The treatment of tumors requires specific and selective drug delivery approaches capable of efficiently eliminating the root cause of oncogenesis. In this context, targeted drug delivery strategies are the preferred choice due to their exceptional recognition of tumor cell biology and their high transfection efficacy within the tumor microenvironment. The emergence of nanoscale techniques has marked significant milestones in the successful management of various types of tumors. The development of targeted delivery approaches for tumor therapeutics has gained momentum over the past few decades. However, in contrast to the plethora of successful pre-clinical studies, only a limited number of passively targeted nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use, and none of the actively targeted nanocarriers have advanced beyond clinical trials. This review delves into the major molecular principles associated with tumorigenesis, including active targeting, passive targeting, and cell-mediated targeting. It also explores the biological barriers (systemic, biological, and cellular) encountered in tumor drug delivery. Moreover, the review examines various tumor-targeted drug delivery systems that have been developed over the past decade. These systems encompass polymeric nanoparticles (micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and polyplexes), lipid-based carriers (solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsion), vesicular systems (liposomes, niosomes, aquasomes, and phytosomes), and inorganic nanocarriers (iron oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon-based nanoparticles, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles), all designed for the alleviation of tumors.

Developing and validating a new conceptual model for successful implementation of lean construction: SEM analysis

PurposeLean construction (LC) consists of very effective techniques; however, its implementation varies considerably from one industry to another. Although numerous lean initiatives do exist in the construction industry, the research topic related to LC implementation is still unexplored due to the scarcity of validated assessment frameworks. This study aims to provide the first attempt in developing a structural model for successful LC implementation.Design/methodology/approachThis study developed a Lean construction model (LCM) by critically reviewing seven previous LC frameworks from different countries, defining 18 subprinciples grouped into 6 major principles and formulating testable hypotheses. The questionnaire was pre-tested with 12 construction management experts and revised by 4 specialized academics. A pilot study with 20 construction units enhanced content reliability. Data from 307 Moroccan construction companies were collected to develop a measurement model. SPSS V. 26 was used for Exploratory Factor Analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS version 23. Finally, a structural equation model statistically assessed each construct's contribution to the success of LC implementation.FindingsThis work led to the development of an original LCM based on valid and reliable LC constructs, consisting of 18 measurement items grouped into 6 LC principles: Process Transparency, People involvement, Waste elimination, Planning and Continuous improvement, Client Focus and Material/information flow and pull. According to the structural model, LC implementation success is positively influenced by Planning and Scheduling/continuous improvement (β = 0.930), followed by Elimination of waste (β = 0.896). Process transparency ranks third (β = 0.858). The study demonstrates that all these factors are mutually complementary, highlighting a positive relationship between LC implementation success and the holistic application of all LC principles.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to develop a statistically proven model of LC based on structural equation modelling analysis, which is promising for stimulating construction practitioners and researchers for more empirical studies in different countries to obtain a more accurate reflection of LC implementation. Moreover, the paper proposes recommendations to help policymakers, academics and practitioners anticipate the key success drivers for more successful LC implementation.

「현가궤범(絃歌軌範)」의 교육적 가치

This study raised the necessity of discussing the educational value of “HyeongaGwebeom” based on the fact that Yoo Jung-gyo(柳重敎, 1832-1893) completed “HyeongaGwebeom” in 1887 as an educational tool to teach and learn Do(道) and actually contributed to Hyeonga education in his Seosa (書社). Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to distinguish and examine the meaning of Hyeonga's behavior and purpose of performance in various literature of the Joseon Dynasty, and to rediscover the educational value of “HyungaGwebeom” by sequentially considering the background and basis for establishing its own status.
 To summarize the results of the discussion, first, "HyeongaGwebeom" is a comprehensive and substantive result of Yoo Jung-gyo's educational method, focusing on the educational values inherent in Hyunga(絃歌), including major music principles and theories essential for Hyunga education, picture materials including the production and performance of JaYanggeum(紫陽琴). This is interpreted as a further challenge directly implemented in real education by establishing an independent status for the performance of Hyunga(絃歌) and giving concreteness to the previous ideological and abstract meaning of Hyunga(絃歌). Second, "HyeongaGwebeom" was designed as a practical educational material for Ak(樂) used in narrative according to the Neo-Confucian thought system, and aims to realize the national virtue of completing social and national music through Hyeonga as an epic ritual. Third, "Hyunga Gwebeom" was in charge of securing specificity and practical educational functions such as inserting pictures of the production and performance methods of Jayanggeum to directly perform Hyunga's "Hyun" and "Ga," and making it easier to sing the lyrics of poetry and Yuljabo(律字譜).

Membrane barriers for guided bone regeneration: An overview of available biomaterials.

Dental implants revolutionized the treatment options for restoring form, function, and esthetics when one or more teeth are missing. At sites of insufficient bone, guided bone regeneration (GBR) is performed either prior to or in conjunction with implant placement to achieve a three-dimensional prosthetic-driven implant position. To date, GBR is well documented, widely used, and constitutes a predictable and successful approach for lateral and vertical bone augmentation of atrophic ridges. Evidence suggests that the use of barrier membranes maintains the major biological principles of GBR. Since the material used to construct barrier membranes ultimately dictates its characteristics and its ability to maintain the biological principles of GBR, several materials have been used over time. This review, summarizes the evolution of barrier membranes, focusing on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of available occlusive barrier membranes and presents results of updated meta-analyses focusing on the effects of these membranes on the overall outcome.