Major Economies Research Articles

Teratomas from past to the present: A scientometric analysis with global productivity and research trends between 1980 and 2022.

There is currently no bibliometric study on teratomas in the literature. This study aims to analyze the published articles on teratomas to provide an overview of the subject, determine global productivity, and identify current research trends. Additionally, data on different components of scientific output (countries, journals, institutions, authors) were analyzed. A total of 4209 articles published on teratomas between 1980 and 2022 were analyzed using various bibliometric and statistical methods. Bibliometric network visualization maps were used to determine trending topics, citation analyses, and international collaborations. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. The top 3 countries that made the most contributions to the literature were the USA (1041, 24.7%), Japan (501, 11.9%), and India (310, 7.3%). The top 3 active institutions were the University of California System (n = 78), University of London (64), and Harvard University (62). The top 3 productive journals were the Journal of Pediatric Surgery (n = 141), Pediatric Surgery International (n = 70), and Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports (69). The most productive author was Ulbright TM. (n = 18). The most studied topics from past to present were ovarian cancer/ovarian teratoma/ovarian torsion, mature cystic teratoma/dermoid cyst, sacrococcygeal teratoma, germ cell tumors, immature teratoma, malignant transformation, mediastinal teratoma/mediastinum, neonate/newborn/infant, prenatal diagnosis, testis/testicular cancer/teratoma, ultrasonography/ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, chemotherapy, growing teratoma syndrome, surgery, retroperitoneal teratoma/retroperitoneum, laparoscopic surgery/laparoscopy, children/child, and fetal surgery/fetus. We identified trend research topics in the field of teratomas in recent years, including mature cystic teratoma, ovarian teratoma/neoplasm, ovarian cancer, ovarian torsion, growing teratoma syndrome, recurrence, pediatric, testicular cancer, anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis, immature teratoma, retroperitoneal, struma ovarii, and carcinoid. The research leadership in the development of teratoma literature was determined by countries with major economies such as the USA, Japan, India, the UK, China, Turkey, South Korea, and other European countries (France, Germany, Italy).

Canada's Economic Situation and Policy Analysis in the Current Inflation

Since 2022, the global energy prices have been increasing, leading to a rise in the price index. This has resulted in inflationary pressures in major economies such as Canada, leading national governments to implement interest rate hikes as a coping strategy. This paper focuses on the Canadian economy and analyzes its inflation performance, strategies for raising interest rates, the price level, and the labor market. Using economic data from Canada, the Commonwealth of Nations, and past literature, the study finds that Canada's inflation performance is not satisfactory. The paper argues that inflation cannot be fundamentally curbed by using a single monetary policy instrument, such as interest rate hikes, and that an effective economic response requires a combination of monetary and fiscal policies. Additionally, the paper suggests that Canada should develop and improve industrial policies consistent with its national endowments, labor and immigration policies that match industrial policies, and trade policies that are effective in fighting inflation.

The Different Impacts of a Strong Dollar on Developed and Emerging Market Economies

The US dollar index has continued to rise and has reached its highest level since 2022. Based on the US dollar's status as the dominant international currency, this round of the dollar's significant and rapid appreciation has a significant impact on the global economic and financial situation. This study aims to examine how this round of dollar appreciation affects the major global economies and the extent of its impact. This paper analyzes the impact of a strong dollar on emerging economies and non-US developed economies and draws a comparison between the two impacts. The findings of this study reveal that the negative impact of the current round of strong dollar on the global economy outweighs the positive impact. This impact is evident in the form of hyperinflation, international foreign debt, and other adverse outcomes. Finally, this paper provides informative comments for emerging economies and non-US developed economies to better mitigate the challenges posed by the current round of dollar appreciation.

An Empirical Investigation of Value at Risk (VaR) Forecasting Based on Range-Based Conditional Volatility Models

Value at Risk (VaR) is a widely used measure of market risk. Precision in the estimation of volatility leads to accurate VaR forecasts. As volatility is time-varying and has a clustering effect, GARCH class of volatility models is helpful in modeling volatility more precisely. Studies have also shown that range-based volatility estimates are more efficient than traditional models that use only closing prices. Therefore, this study uses the GARCH family of volatility models to model and forecast VaR. The study compares conventional models that use closing prices alone, like GARCH and TARCH, with range-based models like RGARCH and RTARCH models, where the range defined as daily high price minus low price is introduced as an exogenous variable, to explore if the latter provides better predictive accuracy. All the models are back-tested using the Kupiec (1995) unconditional coverage and Christoffersen (1998) conditional coverage tests. The data period in the study ranges from 2003-2021, and we consider five BRICS indices and three major developed economies, namely, the USA, the UK, and Germany. An empirical investigation shows that range-based models do a better job in VaR forecasting as it has more information content than daily closing prices, thereby giving more accurate VaR estimates. The study hopes this finding will greatly help stakeholders like financial institutions, regulators, and practitioners in more effective market risk management.

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Based on Islamic Principles Within China – An Data-Driven Analysis and Framework

Objective: The objective of the article is to provide a solid outline how Islamic bankruptcy principles can be integrated into the Chinese legal system. Islamic bankruptcy law and Islamic finance have taken on a growing role in modern economies, with several governments aiming to align the economic system with Islamic principles in addition to solving some of the shortcomings of existing financial regulations related to bankruptcies. China has, within the last 40 years, become a major economy with significant development of its legal system. Theoretical framework: For the theoretical framework we utilized a comparative legal analysis framework for the integration, given that Islam emphasizes the importance that there should be no distinction between balance sheet insolvency and cashflow insolvency, as well as the importance of personal responsibility for the debts incurred. Method: For the method, we deployed a comparative analysis of the Islamic and Chinese bankruptcy legal framework. Results and conclusion: The article has presented a solid outline of the Islamic and Chinese bankruptcy laws and how Islamic principles can be integrated into the Chinese legal system. The arising system in the form of either a separate legal system or one integrating these principles into the existing bankruptcy regulations can significantly strengthen debtor responsibility and recovery rates, as well as encourage fairer business practices. Implications of the research: The research provides some critical insights into how Islamic Finance may be adjusted to support and reduce bankruptcy within China, outlining the major benefits of Islamic finance in strengthening the financial system. Originality/value: The article provides a unique outline of Islamic and Chinese bankruptcy laws and how Islamic principles may be integrated into the Chinese legal system.

Tracing metal footprints via global renewable power value chains

The globally booming renewable power industry has stimulated an unprecedented interest in metals as key infrastructure components. Many economies with different endowments and levels of technology participate in various production stages and cultivate value in global renewable power industry production networks, known as global renewable power value chains (RPVCs), complicating the identification of metal supply for the subsequent low-carbon power generation and demand. Here, we use a multi-regional input-output model (MRIO) combined with a value chain decomposition model to trace the metal footprints (MFs) and value-added of major global economies’ renewable power sectors. We find that the MFs of the global renewable power demand increased by 97% during 2005—2015. Developed economies occupy the high-end segments of RPVCs while allocating metal-intensive (but low value-added) production activities to developing economies. The fast-growing demand for renewable power in developed economies or developing economies with upper middle income, particularly China, is a major contributor to the embodied metal transfer increment within RPVCs, which is partly offset by the declining metal intensities in developing economies. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a metal-efficient and green supply chain for upstream suppliers as well as downstream renewable power installers for just transition in the power sector across the globe.

Digital financial innovation and renewable electrification: A step toward zero carbon nexus

This study proposes a new measure of energy diversity. The impact of digital finance innovation effects of green financing (GF), economic growth (EG), renewable energy (RE), inflationary pressures, and geopolitical risks for enhancing sustainability in China were obtained using micro- and macro-level data from 2011 to 2020. A regression prediction method was applied, considering both the direct and indirect relationships between the factor predictions. Our results confirm that major economies experience significant economic growth as long-term energy diversification increases. However, energy diversification has a negative impact as short-term economic development in some nations is negatively affected by. The findings also show that in the medium- and long-term, energy variation does not support financial development in low-income nations. Therefore, additional safety precautions must be taken when diversifying energy sources.

Multi-region Input-Output-based Carbon and Energy Footprint Analysis of U.S. Manufacturing

In this research, U.S. manufacturing activities' life cycle-based carbon and energy footprint impacts have been quantified, taking international trade linkages with the rest of the world into account. The U.S economy has been integrated into a multi-region input-output (MRIO) life cycle assessment framework where total of 40 major economies, including the USA, China, Russia, and others, plus the rest of the world (ROW) were modelled to assess global energy and carbon footprint impacts. Each country's economy is assumed to compromise 35 major industries based on the WIOD database classification. A total of 1435 (41 × 35 = 1435) industries has therefore been taken to represent the global structure of the world economy. The novelty of the approach is that the MRIO model has been developed in a stochastic fashion, plus global trade-linked uncertainties have also been taken into consideration. Top carbon emitting and energy consumer industries and countries have been analysed using data analytics and statistical modelling methods. The results show that the USA is the largest contributor to the total carbon footprint (CFP) and the total energy footprint (EFP) with 81.73% and 84%, respectively. Moreover, the agriculture/hunting forestry/fishing sector and the electricity/gas/water supply sectors dominate the overall U.S. carbon footprint, contributing 22% and 21.28%, respectively. The coke/refined petroleum/nuclear fuel sector has the largest share of the total energy footprint, with 47.9% of the total impacts.

Which Combination of Trade Provisions Promotes Trade in Value‐Added? An Application of Machine Learning to Cross‐Country Data

Over time, the trade agreements are witnessing a substantial change in their provisions by encompassing provisions beyond their conventional trade domain, such as labour market regulations, environmental regulations and competition policies. Theoretically, studies argued the role of signing an agreement with deep provisions to promote trade in value‐added, but empirical verification in favour of a few is rarely available. The present study attempts to identify this set of provisions included in deep trade agreements (DTAs) that positively impact the bilateral trade in value added. Using the traditional gravity model framework and its estimation through modern econometric and machine learning tools, the study shows that incorporating provisions relating to establishing and preserving economic rights in trade agreements promotes trade in value‐added among member countries. Notably, the study found the combination of three main policy areas: technical barriers to trade, competition policy and labour market regulations. Both econometric and machine learning methods confirm the significant impact of these three provisions. Understanding the significance of specific provisions holds relevance in the current scenario where major trading economies are calibrating trade agreements. From the policy perspective, disentangling a set of provisions might be relevant for designing and negotiating trade agreements.

Characters, comparisons and explications of China's domestic environmental cost of agricultural exports from the perspective of global value chain

In the context of global value chain, this paper uses world input-output table (2016) and CO2 emission data to analyze domestic environmental cost of agricultural exports based on backward linkage MRIO model. The results show that average domestic value-added and domestic embodied emissions of China's agricultural export are respectively ranked 7th and 4th in the world during the sample period, which indicates that China's agriculture does not perform well in environmental cost; On the bright side, China's domestic environmental cost displays a downward trend over time. In terms of contributing factors, CO2 emission coefficient is conducive to the reduction of domestic environmental cost, meanwhile the value-added coefficient, intermediate input structure, and agricultural export structure promote the increase of domestic environmental cost. Further, the cross-country decomposition results found that the emission coefficient and the intermediate input structure are the main reasons that lead China's domestic environmental cost to be higher than those of the main agricultural export countries. The value-added factor and the export structure have narrowed the gap of domestic environmental cost between China and other major agricultural economies. The research findings are still robust when scenario analysis is introduced. This study suggests that optimizing the structure of energy consumption and promoting cleaner production are most important ways to promote the sustainable development of China's agricultural exports.

Dynamic effects and driving intermediations of oil price shocks on major economies

Interest in oil price shocks' economic effects has grown in recent years. However, previous studies mostly failed to clarify the dynamic transmissions of oil price shocks on representative economies from global and driver perspectives, even ignoring oil price fluctuations when linking oil prices and economy together. This paper examines the dynamic relationships and driving intermediations between multiple oil price shocks and macroeconomy by applying Bayesian vector autoregressive models with stochastic volatility and time-varying parameters, using the USA, China, the Euro-19, and Japan as research objects. Results show that, in the whole sample, all oil prices have the strongest effects on Japan, followed by China, Euro-19, and the USA, with possible directional differences. All oil prices' economic effects intensified during the crisis and Covid-19, accompanying significant oil price fluctuations. Regarding asymmetry, in the whole sample and critical times, stronger effects of rising oil prices show in the short term, but opposite in the long term. Consumer price, interest rate, and exchange rate are the general intermediations of oil prices in China and the USA, Euro-19, and Japan, respectively, and exchange rate is the additional intermediation in China, Euro-19, and Japan during the crisis and Covid-19. Overall, the results are solid.

Rethinking the role of efficiency for the decarbonization of buildings is essential

Antoine Levesque is a postdoctoral researcher at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact research (PIK), where he started working in 2014. His research focuses on the decarbonization of buildings, efficiency policies, and energy demand projections. Prior to the PIK, he worked at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria. He earned a PhD in economics at the Technische Universität Berlin (2021). Sebastian Osorio is a postdoc researcher at the PIK in the “Climate and Energy Policy” group. His work concentrates on applying energy systems models to evaluate low-carbon policies, with a clear focus on the EU power sector, the Emission Trading System, and their interaction with the decarbonization of buildings. Sebastian holds a PhD in information systems from the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. Sebastian Herkel is head of the “Energy Efficient Buildings” department at Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems in Freiburg, Germany. He graduated from University of Karlsruhe with the degree of diplom-ingenieur in mechanical engineering. Sebastian Herkel is a researcher working in applied research in building energy performance and renewable energy systems. His focus is on integral energy concepts for buildings and neighborhoods, scientific analysis of building performance, and technologies for integration of renewable energy in buildings. Michael Pahle is head of the working group “Climate and Energy Policy” at the PIK. He holds a PhD in economics from TU Berlin. His research focuses on carbon pricing and more recently on climate policies for the buildings sector. He is co-principle investigator for Germany’s largest household panel on energy efficiency. Based on his research, Michael advises the German government and EU institutions. He is a member of the Global Climate Policy Partnership, a US-based global network of research institutions that helps major economies and businesses achieve ambitious climate goals. Antoine Levesque is a postdoctoral researcher at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact research (PIK), where he started working in 2014. His research focuses on the decarbonization of buildings, efficiency policies, and energy demand projections. Prior to the PIK, he worked at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria. He earned a PhD in economics at the Technische Universität Berlin (2021). Sebastian Osorio is a postdoc researcher at the PIK in the “Climate and Energy Policy” group. His work concentrates on applying energy systems models to evaluate low-carbon policies, with a clear focus on the EU power sector, the Emission Trading System, and their interaction with the decarbonization of buildings. Sebastian holds a PhD in information systems from the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. Sebastian Herkel is head of the “Energy Efficient Buildings” department at Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems in Freiburg, Germany. He graduated from University of Karlsruhe with the degree of diplom-ingenieur in mechanical engineering. Sebastian Herkel is a researcher working in applied research in building energy performance and renewable energy systems. His focus is on integral energy concepts for buildings and neighborhoods, scientific analysis of building performance, and technologies for integration of renewable energy in buildings. Michael Pahle is head of the working group “Climate and Energy Policy” at the PIK. He holds a PhD in economics from TU Berlin. His research focuses on carbon pricing and more recently on climate policies for the buildings sector. He is co-principle investigator for Germany’s largest household panel on energy efficiency. Based on his research, Michael advises the German government and EU institutions. He is a member of the Global Climate Policy Partnership, a US-based global network of research institutions that helps major economies and businesses achieve ambitious climate goals.

Global Quantitative Investment Regulatory Policy Analysis and Its Implications for China's Regulatory System

In an era marked by globalization and frequent "black swan" events, this study examines the complexities and strategic opacity of quantitative investment, a key product of financial innovation, within the scope of global financial regulation. Utilizing detailed comparative analysis, it explores diverse regulatory approaches in major economies, including the United States, the European Union, and key Asian countries. The research highlights the U.S.'s focus on balancing market transparency with financial innovation, the EU's emphasis on market stability and systemic risk prevention, and the trend towards regulatory modernization and internationalization in Asia. This study underscores the dual role of quantitative investment in enhancing market efficiency and optimizing resource allocation, while acknowledging the associated systemic risks and regulatory challenges. Focusing on China, the research identifies the critical developmental stages in regulatory practices, emphasizing the need for technological adaptation and international cooperation. In conclusion, the paper proposes comprehensive recommendations for improving China's quantitative investment regulation. These aim to reinforce legal frameworks, advance regulatory technologies, intensify risk management, foster global collaboration, and augment investor education and protection. The suggestions are intended to guide China towards effective regulatory policies that harmonize financial safety with technological advancement, ensuring market stability and transparency.

Semiconductor Manufacturing

The pandemic crippled the global semiconductor market and, combined with spiralling demand, its impact is still being felt today, forcing major Western economies to bring production closer to home. Here we look at the role of pumps in this seismic shift of manufacturing facilities.

Are Low‐Income Households Getting Left Behind in the United Kingdom's Energy Transition?

The transition to sustainable energy sources is crucial to achieving the 2015 Paris Agreement of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the impacts on the environment and climate, while providing access to affordable, secure, modern, and sustainable energy by 2030—Sustainable Development Goal 7 of the Agreement. Countries around the world are increasingly making diverse and ambitious commitments and taking actions to achieve these goals. The United Kingdom (UK) had a previous goal of reducing GHG emissions by 80 percent compared to 1990 levels by 2050, but in 2019 the country became the first major economy to vow to reach net‐zero by 2050. In 2021, the government under the now extinct Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), published the Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener, containing policies and proposals to achieve this goal in all sectors of the UK economy.

Evaluation of Parking Demand at Valsad Railway Station

Abstract: The world's fastest growing major economy is India. Gujarat is one of the fastest-growing states in India, with strong industrial and economic growth. A well-balanced transportation system is vital for the overall growth of any region. Gujarat also has a robust rail network, which complements this. Gujarat is the location of one of the busiest railroad lines that connects the political and commercial centres of Delhi and Mumbai. On the railway lines connecting Mumbai with Delhi and Ahmadabad with Mumbai, Valsad is one of the significant and crowded stations. Many residents of Valsad hold jobs in the neighbouring cities of Mumbai, Vapi, and Surat, among others. As a result, railroad is a popular means of transportation. The majority of these folks drive their two-wheelers or other vehicles from their residences to the railroad station, where they usually park them. People used to park their cars outside the parking lot during peak hours, such as early in the morning and late at night, when there was a significant demand for parking at the railway station. Because of this, adequate parking facilities are needed to prevent situations of this kind. According to field observations, there are not enough parking spaces at Valsad Railway Station. Because commuters used to park on the sides of the roads and on the sidewalks, there was constant traffic in and around the railway station area. As a result, Valsad Railway Station needs to evaluate parking demand. Inventory of parking spaces and a survey of parking utilisation by petrol were done to assess the parking demand licence plate technique. the demand exclusive parking surveys will be used to achieve clear situation of the existing parking state of affairs and future recommendation to ease the parking demand.

A Comparative Study of the RCEP and the USMCA from the Perspective of International Political Economy: Based on the Analysis of Digital Trade Rulemaking

Reginal Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) are both emerging free trade agreements, covering the major economies in East Asia and North America respectively. After screening, 24 papers were selected to do a comparative study of RCEP and USMCA. The paper applies the interdependence theory and the dependency theory in the field of international political economy to interpret the logic of rulemaking of the two FTAs. For the RCEP, the key is the growing interdependence (with increasing trade volumes and growing economic gains) between ASEAN countries and other member states. In addition, economic complementarity also influences the interdependence between the ASEAN and other states in East Asia, reinforcing their willingness to deepen this relationship. For the USMCA, the key is the dependency relationship between the U.S. and Mexico. This dependency continues to this day due to the untouchable structural power of the United States, and still forces Mexico to submit to the U.S. willingness to set rules for the USMCA. This paper innovatively introduces theories from the field of international political economy to study the rulemaking of the new FTAs, which provides certain directions for future academic research in the related fields.

Individualism and Collectivism as Predictors of Creative Potentials and Real-Life Creativity in China and US

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationships between culture and creativity from the perspective of individualism and collectivism (I/C). Specifically, we compared cultural differences in I/C as well as creativity between two major economies, namely China and the US. We also examined how specific dimensions of I/C are associated with indices of creativity in these two cultural contexts. Four hundred and thirty-four Chinese college students and four hundred and seventy-eight US college students were recruited to complete a measure of I/C, a test of creative potentials, and a real-life creativity inventory. A four-dimensional I/C measure which assesses participants’ horizontal individualistic (HI), vertical individualistic (VI), horizontal collectivistic (HC), and vertical collectivistic (VC) tendencies was employed. The results showed significant differences in all of the I/C and creativity indices between the two countries. In addition, across the two cultural contexts, 1) HI, VI, and HC were all positively related to creativity to some extent; and 2) VC was negatively associated with creativity to some extent. Most importantly, culture-specific links between VI and creativity, HC and creativity, and VC and creativity were found in the Chinese and US samples. The findings were discussed from a culturally contextualized perspective.

Long-run and short-run impact of the U.S. economy on stock, bond and housing markets: An evaluation of U.S. and six major economies

This study analyzes the long-run and short-run effects of the U.S. economy as proxied by the U.S. GDP, on the stock, bond and housing markets of the U.S. and six major developed countries. It also evaluates the co-movement among the three asset classes and each country's own GDP and M1. Analysis over a 30 year period beginning in 1989:Q1 and ending in 2019:Q2, indicate that the asset classes of each country are integrated with U.S. GDP, as well the country's own GDP and M1 over the long-run although the degree of relationships differ across nations. Moreover, recursive cointegration analysis reveals that the degree of convergence has intensified over time, and the results are consistent across all countries. Short-run results indicate that U.S. GDP shocks have a more significant impact on the stock markets of each country than shocks originating from each country's own GDP and M1, which show the dominant role of the U.S. economy and its global impact. On the other hand, the U.S. GDP has a lesser influence on housing and bond markets and the results are consistent across all countries. Overall, the findings of our analyses indicate that the long-term and short-term effects of U.S. GDP vary across the three asset classes across the major economies evaluated.

Key Technologies of Pure Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Mixed Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation.

Thanks to the advantages of cleanliness, high efficiency, extensive sources, and renewable energy, hydrogen energy has gradually become the focus of energy development in the world's major economies. At present, the natural gas transportation pipeline network is relatively complete, while hydrogen transportation technology faces many challenges, such as the lack of technical specifications, high safety risks, and high investment costs, which are the key factors that hinder the development of hydrogen pipeline transportation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview and summary of the current status and development prospects of pure hydrogen and hydrogen-mixed natural gas pipeline transportation. Analysts believe that basic studies and case studies for hydrogen infrastructure transformation and system optimization have received extensive attention, and related technical studies are mainly focused on pipeline transportation processes, pipe evaluation, and safe operation guarantees. There are still technical challenges in hydrogen-mixed natural gas pipelines in terms of the doping ratio and hydrogen separation and purification. To promote the industrial application of hydrogen energy, it is necessary to develop more efficient, low-cost, and low-energy-consumption hydrogen storage materials.