Major Agricultural Products Research Articles

Trends in Export of Major Agricultural Commodities and Products from India

India's agricultural products export touched $ 50 billion for the financial year FY22, the highest level ever achieved. Basmati and Non-basmati rice are major exports and doubled during 2010-20 compared to 2000-2010. Export value of basmati and non-basmati rice were about Rs. 32,000 crores and Rs. 23,000 crores respectively during 2019-20. Exports of processed vegetables, fruits, nuts and fresh grapes are growing nearly 3 times during 2010-2020 (Rs.500 crores each) compared to 2000-2010 (around Rs. 3,000 crores each). Exports of cucumbers, gherkins, jaggery and confectionary items are growing at a faster rate in the recent decade (Rs.400 crores during 2005-06 to Rs. 1600 crores during 2019-20). Export basket of agricultural commodities is highly diversified (Herfindahl Index: 0.09 – 0.26) and non-conventional exports like processed vegetables, fruits and vegetables are increasing in faster rate. Hence, policy support to the non-conventional and high value exports as well as small and new exporters has to be continued. Aggregation of small exports and Farmers Producers Companies will directly benefit the farmers.

Competitiveness and sustainable development of Chinableapple industry

Agriculture faces a contradiction between sustainable resource utilization and maintaining market competitiveness. As a major agricultural product, the sustainability and competitiveness of the apple industry have become important topics. This study analyzes the competitiveness of China's apple industry and the factors affecting it. Using 2004 and 2018 data for eight Chinese provinces, principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation are used to examine competitiveness in terms of five aspects: market, production, technology, organization, and environment. The results indicate that Shandong, Shaanxi, and Gansu were the most competitive during the study period while Hebei, Henan, and Ningxia lagged behind. Regional differences are obvious, with Shandong in particular showing a clear competitive advantage. Although no spatial agglomeration is observed in China's apple industry, with ongoing industrial development, local spatial correlations in the five aspects of competitiveness in the eight provinces have been increasing and gradually stabilizing. This study's findings suggest that improved scientific production, reasonable capital investment, and an established industrial chain are needed to promote local agriculture, economic development, and the central role of the apple industry.

Spatial prioritization of tomato cultivation based on water footprint, land productivity, and economic indices

AbstractIn this study, the water footprint (WF) and its components, the water footprint economic value (WFEV), and the economic land productivity (ELP) for tomato cultivation in Iran were determined. These data were used in a multicriteria decision‐making tool (PROMETTEE II) to prioritize tomato production in more agriculturally sustainable regions of the country. The results indicate that the average WF of tomato production in Iran on a national scale is 327.2 m3/t, with a WFEV of 0.49 USD/m3 and an ELP of 3611.31 USD/ha. The green WF of tomato production ranged from 1.5 to 38.8 (average 15) m3/t, the blue WF ranged from 46.2 to 638 (average 273.3) m3/t, and the grey WF ranged from 86.8 to 771.6 (average 327.2) m3/t. Comparing the WFEV, ELP, and WF of tomatoes with 30 major agricultural products in Iran shows that this product holds a higher cultivation priority than grains and cereals. Based on the resulting WF and economic evaluations, the tomato growing areas are classified into eight clusters, from the most to least suitable for growing tomatoes.

Public Social Media Discussions on Agricultural Product Safety Incidents: Chinese African Swine Fever Debate on Weibo.

Public concern over major agricultural product safety incidents, such as swine flu and avian flu, can intensify financial losses in the livestock and poultry industries. Crawler technology were applied to reviewed the Weibo social media discussions on the African Swine Fever (ASF) incident in China that was reported on 3 August 2018, and used content analysis and network analysis to specifically examine the online public opinion network dissemination characteristics of verified individual users, institutional users and ordinary users. It was found that: (1) attention paid to topics related to “epidemic,” “treatment,” “effect” and “prevent” decrease in turn, with the interest in “prevent” increasing significantly when human infections were possible; (2) verified individual users were most concerned about epidemic prevention and control and play a supervisory role, the greatest concern of institutional users and ordinary users were issues related to agricultural industry and agricultural products price fluctuations respectively; (3) among institutional users, media was the main opinion leader, and among non-institutional users, elites from all walks of life, especially the food safety personnel acted as opinion leaders. Based on these findings, some policy suggestions are given: determine the nature of the risk to human health of the safety incident, stabilizing prices of relevant agricultural products, and giving play to the role of information dissemination of relevant institutions.

The effect of a country name on consumers' perception and assessment of agricultural products with protected designation of origin

The aim of the paper was to show that Serbia has favorable natural conditions (land and climate) for diverse agricultural production (plant- and animal-based), experienced manufacturers, experts and scientists, as well as world-famous selections of numerous plant cultures. Serbia's major agricultural products are corn, wheat (flour), sunflower (oil and pellets), sugar beet (sugar), soybean (oil and protein products), potatoes, raspberries, apples, plums, sour cherries, grapes, pork, beef and poultry, as well as milk.

RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF CROP PEST MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA

<List> <ListItem><ItemContent> ● Crop pests are a major factor restricting agricultural production in China. </ItemContent></ListItem> <ListItem><ItemContent> ● The National Monitoring and Early Warning System (NMEWS) was established > 40 years ago. </ItemContent></ListItem> <ListItem><ItemContent> ● Application of NMEWS has increased national capability to tackle pests. </ItemContent></ListItem></List> The importance of food security, especially in combating the problem of acute hunger, has been underscored as a key component of sustainable development. Considering the major challenge of rapidly increasing demands for both food security and safety, the management and control of major pests is urged to secure supplies of major agricultural products. However, owing to global climate change, biological invasion (e.g., fall armyworm), decreasing agricultural biodiversity, and other factors, a wide range of crop pest outbreaks are becoming more frequent and serious, making China, one of the world’s largest country in terms of agricultural production, one of the primary victims of crop yield loss and the largest pesticide consumer in the world. Nevertheless, the use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. This review summarizes the most fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the developmental history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially of cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-related countries.

基于改进三维生态足迹模型的洞庭湖区生态可持续时空演化研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于改进三维生态足迹模型的洞庭湖区生态可持续时空演化研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202106161595 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家社会科学基金项目（15BJY051）；湖南省水利科技项目（2015-254-19）；长沙理工大学水利工程学院研究生科研创新项目（2020-05） Temporal and spatial evolution of ecological sustainability in Dongting Lake area based on the improved three-dimensional ecological footprint model Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:洞庭湖是长江流域重要的调蓄湖泊，也是中国重要的农产品主产区。科学评估洞庭湖区生态可持续状态，揭示其时空演化特征，对探究其生态可持续影响因素与作用机理，降低生态赤字具有重要意义。基于碳足迹与生态足迹理论构建了改进的三维生态足迹模型，填补了化石能源无法核算生态承载力的问题，同时调整了不同土地利用类型的参数因子。在对洞庭湖区25个区县进行可持续发展的动态评价分析中，计算了2000-2019年生态赤字、足迹广度与深度的时空分布特征。研究结果表明：（1）近20年来洞庭湖区的人均生态足迹增长速度远高于人均生态承载力，致使人均生态赤字在时间维度上不断增大，空间维度上呈湖滨向周边地区扩散的趋势；（2）洞庭湖区除林地之外的土地利用类型均存在自然资本存量的消耗，且表现为高生态赤字；（3）三次产业结构的分配、土地利用的变化、居民对生活质量的提高以及生态保护政策的有效实施等均会对洞庭湖区的可持续发展产生较大影响；（4）改进后的化石能源账户相较于传统账户的计算方法更能反映真实的碳排量与碳吸收量。研究以期为洞庭湖区土地利用、生态保护以及促进社会经济可持续发展提供科学参考。 Abstract:Dongting Lake is not only an important regulation and storage lake in the Yangtze River Basin, but also a major agricultural product producing area in China. We evaluated the ecological sustainable development status of Dongting Lake area scientifically and revealed the characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution of the region, which could be used to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of the ecological sustainability of the Dongting Lake area. At the same time, this study reduced the ecological deficit of Dongting Lake area. The improvement of three-dimensional ecological footprint was mainly based on carbon footprint calculation method and ecological footprint theory, which solved the question that ecological carrying capacity cannot be calculated in the fossil energy account. In addition, the equilibrium factor and yield factor of Dongting Lake area were adjusted according to the concept of "provincial hectare". Finally, the dynamic evaluation and the analysis of sustainable development of 25 counties in Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, the per capita ecological deficit, the breadth and depth of per capita ecological footprint from 2000 to 2019 were calculated. The main results could be concluded as follows:(1) During the 20-year study period, the per capita ecological footprint in Dongting Lake area increased faster than the per capita ecological carrying capacity, which caused the per capita ecological deficit increased in the temporal dimension. Meanwhile, the spatial dimension showed the trend of diffusion from the center to the periphery of Dongting Lake. (2) Among all land use types in Dongting Lake area, the forest land wasthe only account of ecological surplus. All accounts of the cultivated land, grassland, water area, construction land and energy displayed high ecological deficit. (3) The distribution of three industrial structures, the change of land use, the improvement of residents' quality of life and ecological environment policies were important influencing factors in the study area. (4) Compared with the traditionally ecological footprint calculation method, the carbon emission and carbon absorption calculated by the improved three-dimensional ecological footprint model are closer to the real value. The research was expected to provide scientific reference for land use, ecological protection, promoting social and economic sustainable development in Dongting Lake area. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Mechanical performance and durability of banana fibre and coconut coir reinforced cement stabilized soil blocks

Agricultural waste disposal is said to be amongst one of the pressing environmental problems in many countries. Finding economical usage for this waste by incorporating it in a product is the approach often used to overcome associated environmental issues. Banana fibre and coconut coir are major agricultural waste products in Sri Lanka and fewer amounts of these are converted into usable products. Manufacturing cement-stabilized soil blocks incorporating these waste materials is envisaged to reduce environmental impact. The present study focused on the post-peak behaviour and durability of banana fibre and coconut coir-strengthened cement-stabilized soil blocks. Banana fibre and coconut coir reinforced cement-stabilized soil blocks were tested for compression, flexural bending, water absorption, sorptivity, resistance against chemicals, wet-dry weathering and freeze-thaw weathering. The banana fibre showed better post-peak behaviour in compression and coconut coir showed better post-peak behaviour in flexural. Both fibre reinforcements improved durability of cement block against acid attack, alkaline attack, wet-dry weathering and freeze-thaw weathering. Moreover, the specimen reinforced with coconut coir was found to exhibit better durability compared to the specimen reinforced with banana fibres.

Recent advancements on use of CRISPR /Cas9 in maize yield and quality improvement

CRISPR/Cas is a genome editing technique, permits accurate improvement of fiscally significant yield species by transgenic and non-transgenic strategies. We have reviewed CRISPR/Cas9 with or without DNA solution design in both maize as samples to redesign tolerance against dry season obstruction, improving seed’s oil contents production, and a gift of herbicide strength. Fundamentally, by exploiting the technologies of CRISPR/Cas9, development with late advances in plant tissue culture can be brought directly into monetarily significant genotypes. The various crop species are major agricultural products and play an indispensable role in sustaining human life. Over a long period, breeders strove to increase crop yield and improve quality through traditional breeding strategies. Today, many breeders have achieved remarkable results using modern molecular technologies. Recently, a new gene-editing system named the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR/Cas9 technology has also improved crop quality. It has become the most popular tool for crop improvement due to its versatility. It has accelerated crop breeding progress by its precision in specific gene editing. This review summarizes the current application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in crop quality improvement. It includes the modulation in appearance, palatability, nutritional components, and other preferred traits of various crops. Assortment created through such CRISPR/Cas9 engaged advanced raising procedures can be muddled from the regularly happening assortment and appropriately should be quickly open for commercialization.

Research and Development of Insect Situation Data Intelligent Cloud Platform Using Geographic Information System

With the changes in climate, pest varieties and resistance to pesticides, pests have shown frequent and recurring characteristics, making the supply of major agricultural products and food security facing severe challenges. The key to preventing and controlling pests is to correctly identify the pests and then apply the correct drugs and doses. This paper uses cloud computing, artificial intelligence and big data technology to build a cloud platform for identification and early warning of pest situation. Users use smartphones as terminals to accurately identify crop pests and form a complete crop pest distribution database, which is conducive to grasping the rules of pest occurrence. It is conducive to targeted pest control and is conducive to improving the efficiency of pesticide application control, thereby increasing crop yields.

THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION DOSES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF Citrus clementina variety “Fina Berkane”, A VARIETY OF CLEMENTINE PRODUCED IN TRIFFA PLAIN, NORTH EASTERN MOROCCO

Morocco is a Mediterranean country with an economy based on exporting agricultural products mainly to Europe. However, the ongoing climate change characterized by the frequency and the intensity of drought, along with the regularity of the rainfall is undeniably affecting the productivity of major agricultural products in Morocco. Citriculture is one of the key pillars of agricultural products in Moroccan conditions and the productivity of citriculture is tightly related to water management. To reduce this dependency under climatic change, a pilot study, over three years, has been launched to assess the effect of water stress on the production of clementine (Citrus clementina 'Berkane Clementine'). This study was carried out on the clementine, variety "Fina Berkane" at the Triffa plain, Northeastern Morocco. This variety was grafted on Volkameria rootstock with a density of 3m x 6m. Experimental variety was planted during October 2012, in loam-clay soil equipped with a drip irrigation system. Four doses of water irrigation (60%, 80%, 100%, and the conventional irrigation dose⩾120%) were tested based on the real water demand of the studied plant. Throughout the three-year monitoring, the effect of used water amount on the various parameters including yield, fruit size, and fruit quality have been studied. Results of the study revealed that the treatment 100% ETc provided a high number of fruits, yield, and a good quality ratio. It was also well reported that adopting a dose of 80% ETc could save a significant amount of irrigation water (more than 40% ETc) compared to the conventional irrigation dose (⩾120% ETc) without significantly affecting either the yield or the desired caliber profile (marketable standard).

DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OF A STOCHASTIC PROCESS IN THE TIME SERIES OF PRODUCTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Determining the future price of any product or service is a key factor in the activities of any enterprise, because it allows it to optimize operating and financial activities and make better use of available resources. This is especially important for companies operating in the agricultural sector of the economy, because they are characterized by cyclicality and uneven operating cycles. Thus, knowledge of the future price of products and the availability of a derivative allows them to obtain additional profits, which is important for their competitiveness. It should be noted that for most sectors of the economy, the future price is not known in advance, so there is a need to predict it.&#x0D; The development of hardware and software over the past 20 years has allowed scientists to use the latest forecasting methods and models. Using only the historical data of the prices` fluctuations, allow you to get an idea of their future state. However, there is a significant problem that in many cases makes it impossible to use only the past data. This problem is the presence of stochastic processes in the time series. Determining the presence of a stochastic process in the time series is the first step in building prediction systems.&#x0D; Determining the presence of stochastic processes in the time series of major Ukrainian agricultural products is an important step that will allow Ukrainian enterprises to be more competitive. This is especially important because the agricultural sector is key to Ukraine's national security, as it is one of the largest sectors in Ukraine and is key in its trade activity.

Predicting agricultural and livestock products purchases using the Internet search index and data mining techniques

PurposeThis study identifies whether the Internet search index can be used as effective enough data to identify agricultural and livestock product demand and compare the accuracy of the prediction of major agricultural and livestock products purchases between these prediction models using artificial neural network, linear regression and a decision tree.Design/methodology/approachArtificial neural network, linear regression and decision tree algorithms were used in this study to compare the accuracy of the prediction of major agricultural and livestock products purchases. The analysis data were studied using 10-fold cross validation.FindingsFirst, the importance of the Internet search index among the 20 explanatory variables was found to be high for most items, so the Internet search index can be used as a variable to explain agricultural and livestock products purchases. Second, as a result of comparing the accuracy of the prediction of six agricultural and livestock purchases using three models, beef was the most predictable, followed by radishes, chicken, Chinese cabbage, garlic and dried peppers, and by model, a decision tree shows the highest accuracy of prediction, followed by linear regression and an artificial neural network.Originality/valueThis study is meaningful in that it analyzes the purchase of agricultural and livestock products using data from actual consumers' purchases of agricultural and livestock products. In addition, the use of data mining techniques and Internet search index in the analysis of agricultural and livestock purchases contributes to improving the accuracy and efficiency of agricultural and livestock purchase predictions.

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in Crop Quality Improvement.

The various crop species are major agricultural products and play an indispensable role in sustaining human life. Over a long period, breeders strove to increase crop yield and improve quality through traditional breeding strategies. Today, many breeders have achieved remarkable results using modern molecular technologies. Recently, a new gene-editing system, named the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology, has also succeeded in improving crop quality. It has become the most popular tool for crop improvement due to its versatility. It has accelerated crop breeding progress by virtue of its precision in specific gene editing. This review summarizes the current application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in crop quality improvement. It includes the modulation in appearance, palatability, nutritional components and other preferred traits of various crops. In addition, the challenge in its future application is also discussed.

Mechanical Performance and Durability of Banana Fibre and Coconut Coir Reinforced Cement Stabilized Earth Blocks

Agricultural waste disposal is among the environmental problem in many countries. Finding economical uses for this waste by incorporating it in a product is the approach often used to overcome the environmental issue. Banana fibre and coconut coir are major agricultural waste products in Sri Lanka and fewer amounts of these are converted into usable products. Manufacturing cement-stabilized earth blocks incorporating these waste materials can reduce the environmental impact. The present study focuses on the post-peak behavior and durability of banana fibre and coconut coir-strengthened cement-stabilized earth blocks. Banana fibre and coconut coir reinforced cement-stabilized earth blocks are tested for compression, flexural bending, water absorption, sorptivity and resistance against chemicals, wet-dry weathering and freeze-thaw weathering. The banana fibre is shown better post-peak behavior in compression and coconut coir shown better post-peak behavior in flexural. Both fibre reinforcements improved the block’s durability against the acid attack, alkaline attack, wet-dry weathering and freeze-thaw weathering. Moreover, the specimen reinforced with coconut coir was found to exhibit better durability compared to the specimen reinforced with banana fibres.

What Explains an Increase in the Processor-Retailer Margin? New Insights from the U.S. Fresh Beef Market

The real-dollar processor-retailer margin of fresh beef in the United States increased by more than 30% from 2011 to 2016, a substantial and rare increase for a major agricultural product. In the meantime, the processor-retailer markup ratio increased from 35-39% to 43-47%. We investigate the increase in industry markup ratio by constructing structural models of demand and supply and employing product-level data. Estimation results suggest that the increase is not driven by price collusion of retailers; instead, it is because the industry switches from processor-led pricing in 2011-14 to retailer-led pricing in 2015-16. The switch of supply conduct positively correlates with the growth of private beef brands during the period. The correlation has implications regarding antitrust policies, echoing growing empirical evidence showing that vertical integration may result in a net anticompetitive effect and harm consumers. Counterfactual simulations show that the annual consumer surplus of fresh beef would be 14.0% or over $370 million larger had processor-led pricing remained the supply conduct of the U.S. beef industry in 2015-16.

A survey on plant disease prediction using machine learning and deep learning techniques

The major agricultural products in India are rice, wheat, pulses, and spices. As our population is increasing rapidly the demand for agriculture products also increasing alarmingly. A huge amount of data are incremented from various field of agriculture. Analysis of this data helps in predicting the crop yield, analyzing soil quality, predicting disease in a plant, and how meteorological factor affects crop productivity. Crop protection plays a vital role in maintaining agriculture product. Pathogen, pest, weed, and animals are responsible for the productivity loss in agriculture product. Machine learning techniques like Random Forest, Bayesian Network, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine etc. help in automatic detection of plant disease from visual symptoms in the plant. A survey of different existing machine learning techniques used for plant disease prediction was presented in this paper. Automatic detection of disease in plant helps in early diagnosis and prevention of disease which leads to an increase in agriculture productivity.

#GoingtotheFair: a social media listening analysis of agricultural fairs.

Agricultural fairs provide one of the last frontiers, and largest stages, for showcasing livestock agriculture to the public. However, public funding, attendance revenue, animal biosecurity, and public health concerns are all aspects worthy of conversation and increased research attention given the interaction between livestock animals and the general public in fair and festival settings. A prominent social media listening and data analytics platform was used to quantify online and social media chatter concerning agricultural fairs during a 27-mo period. A general search for online media referencing agricultural fair keywords was designed; social and online media mentions of agricultural fairs (n = 2,091,350 mentions) were further queried according to their reference to livestock, fair food, or the major agricultural product producing species of dairy and beef cattle (n = 68,900), poultry (n = 39,600), and swine (n = 31,250). Numbers of search results were found to be seasonal and Twitter was the single largest domain for all fair-related results; in contrast, the majority of livestock-related media was generated by news sources rather than from Twitter. On a weekly basis, the percentage of fair livestock mentions with species-specific reference was highly variable ranging from 0% to 86.8% for cattle, 0% to 85.7% for poultry, and 0% to 76.9% for swine. In addition to quantifying total search hits or mentions, the positivity/negativity of the search results was analyzed using natural language processing capabilities. The net sentiment quantified is the total percentage of positive posts minus the percentage of negative posts, which results in a necessarily bounded net sentiment between −100% and +100%. Overall net sentiment associated with mentions of agricultural fairs was positive; the topics garnering the highest positive sentiments were fair food and cattle (both 98% positive). Online discussion pertaining to agricultural fairs and swine was overall positive despite references to swine flu outbreaks. In conclusion, livestock and animal products had positive net sentiment over the time period studied, but there are multiple aspects of agricultural fairs worthy of further investigation and continued vigilance, including zoonotic disease risk and public perceptions of livestock industries.

통합마케팅조직화가 원예농산물 도매가격에 미친 영향 분석

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of integrated marketing organization on the price of major agricultural products in order to examine the policy effects of integrated marketing organization. In order to analyze the effects of changes in wholesale market prices before and after the introduction of the integrated marketing organization project introduced in 2012, we used data on daily trading prices of major horticultural products from January 1, 2006 to December 31, During the analysis period, temperature and precipitation data were used to take into account the effect of weather on prices. The results find that the wholesale prices of major horticultural products have increased significantly in the past 12 years compared to before the implementation of integrated marketing organization, and it can be seen that the integrated marketing organization contributed to the increase of wholesale prices of horticultural products.

Extraction of Silica from Rice Straw Using Alkaline Hydrolysis Pretreatment

Rice straw is an abundant resource in Asian countries, for instance, Malaysia and India. Rice straw is a major agricultural waste product, which caused disposal issue in areas. Residue burning crops was adopted for the farmers to dispose of rice straw after harvest in order to prepare seedbed preparation for next season. An alarming air pollution report impacted by open burning of rice straw contributes to global warming. Commercialization of silica is an alternative method to dispose of agro-waste residues. The main objective of this research is to extract silica from rice straw. The amorphous silica was derived by first digesting rice straw with Soda AQ solution by varying NaOH concentration from 5 wt% - 25 wt% and 0.1 wt% anthraquinone (AQ) to dissolve silica content and acid precipitation at pH 7 to obtain silica gel. Other parameters such as the effect of digestion temperature (60 °C to 90 °C), digestion time (1 hour to 3 hours), and Soda AQ to rice straw impregnation phase ratio (150:5 to 500:5). The optimum effects of parameter had yielded 74.11 % of silica and it was demonstrated by Soda AQ with NaOH concentration 20 wt% and 0.1 wt% AQ, temperature of 75 °C, digestion time of 3 hours and the ratio 200:5 of Soda AQ to rice straw. Characterization of rice straw was performed by using Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The commercialization of silica had the potential to be utilized as construction materials and silica gel that aids to absorb moisture.