Maize-soybean Intercropping Research Articles

Photosynthetic Response of Soybean Leaf to Wide Light-Fluctuation in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System.

In maize-soybean intercropping system, soybean plants will be affected by the wide light-fluctuation, which resulted from the shading by maize plants, as the shading of maize the light is not enough for soybean in the early morning and late afternoon, but at noon, the light is strong as the maize shading disappeared. The objective of this study is to evaluate the photosynthetic response of soybean leaf to the wide light-fluctuation. The data of diurnal variation of photosynthetic characters showed that the photosynthetic rate of intercropped soybean was weaker than that of monocropped soybean. The chlorophyll content, ratio of chlorophyll a/b, and AQE (apparent quantum efficiency) were increased and Rd (dark respiration rate) was decreased for the more efficient interception and absorption of light and carbon gain in intercropping. δRo (The efficiency/probability with which an electron from the intersystem electron carriers was transferred to reduce end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side) and φRo (the quantum yield for the reduction of the end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side) in intercropped soybean leaf were lower compared to those in monocropped one, which showed that the acceptor side of PSI might be inhibited, and also it was the main reason that soybean plants showed a low photosynthetic capacity in intercropping. ψEo (the efficiency/probability with an electron moves further than QA-) in monocropping and intercropping decreased 5.8, and 35.7%, respectively, while φEo (quantum yield for electron transport) decreased 27.7 and 45.3% under the high radiation at noon, which suggested that the acceptor side of PSII was inhibited, while the NPQ became higher. These were beneficial to dissipate excess excitation energy in time, and protect the photosynthetic apparatus against photo-damage. The higher performance index on the absorption basis (PIABS) and lower δRo, φRo, ψEo, and φEo of intercropped soybeans compared to monocropping under high radiation indicated that the electron transfer of intercropped soybean was inhibited more seriously and intercropped soybean adjusted the electron transport between PSII to PSI to adapt the light-fluctuation. Higher NPQ capacity of intercropped soybeans played a key role in keeping the leaf with a better physiological flexibility under the high radiation.

Effects of Maize-Soybean Intercropping on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Silt Loam Soil in the North China Plain

Maize (Zea mays L.), a staple crop in the North China Plain, contributing substantially to agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in this region. Many studies have focused on various agricultural management measures to reduce N2O emissions. However, few have investigated soil N2O emissions in intercropping systems. In the current study, we investigate whether maize-soybean intercropping treatments could reduce N2O emission rates. Two differently configured maize-soybean intercropping treatments, 2:2 intercropping (two rows of maize and two rows of soybean, 2M2S) and 2:1 intercropping (two rows of maize and one row of soybean, 2M1S), and monocultured maize (M) and soybean (S) treatments were performed using a static chamber method. The results showed no distinct yield advantage for the intercropping systems. The total N2O production from the various treatments was 0.15 ± 0.04–113.85 ± 12.75 µg m−2 min−1. The cumulative N2O emission from the M treatment was 16.9 ± 2.3 kg ha−1 over the entire growing season (three and a half months), which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the 2M2S and 2M1S treatments by 36.6% and 32.2%, respectively. Two applications of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (as urea) at 240 kg N ha−1 each induced considerable soil N2O fluxes. Short-term N2O emissions (within one week after each of the two N applications) accounted for 74.4%–83.3% of the total emissions. Soil moisture, temperature, and inorganic N were significantly correlated with soil N2O emissions (R2 = 0.246–0.365, n = 192, P < 0.001). Soil nitrate (NO−)3 and moisture decreased in the intercropping treatments during the growing season. These results indicate that maize-soybean intercropping can reduce soil N2O emissions relative to monocultured maize.

Water use efficiency and evapotranspiration in maize-soybean relay strip intercrop systems as affected by planting geometries.

Optimum planting geometries have been shown to increase crop yields in maize-soybean intercrop systems. However, little is known about whether changes in planting geometry improve the seasonal water use of maize and soybean intercrops. We conducted two different field experiments in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effects of changes in planting geometry on water use efficiency (WUE) and evapotranspiration (ETc) of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] relay strip intercrop systems. Our results showed that the leaf area index of maize for both years where intercropping occurred was notably greater compared to sole maize, thus the soil water content (SWC), soil evaporation (E), and throughfall followed a decreasing trend in the following order: central row of maize strip (CRM) < adjacent row between maize and soybean strip (AR) < central row of soybean strip (CRS). When intercropped, the highest grain yield for maize and total yields were recorded for the 40:120 cm and 40:160 cm planting geometries using 160 cm and 200 cm bandwidth, respectively. By contrast, the highest grain yield of intercropped soybean was appeared for the 20:140 cm and 20:180 cm planting geometries. The largest land equivalent ratios were 1.62 for the 40:120 cm planting geometry and 1.79 for the 40:160 cm planting geometry, indicating that both intercropping strategies were advantageous. Changes in planting geometries did not show any significant effect on the ETc of the maize and soybean intercrops. WUEs in the different planting geometries of intercrop systems were lower compared to sole cropping. However, the highest group WUEs of 23.06 and 26.21 kg ha-1 mm-1 for the 40:120 cm and 40:160 cm planting geometries, respectively, were 39% and 23% higher than those for sole cropping. Moreover, the highest water equivalent ratio values of 1.66 and 1.76 also appeared for the 40:120 cm and 40:160 cm planting geometries. We therefore suggest that an optimum planting geometry of 40:160 cm and bandwidth of 200 cm could be a viable planting pattern management method for attaining high group WUE in maize-soybean intercrop systems.

Effects of Different Planting Pattern of Maize (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Zea mays&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) and Soybean (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Glycine max&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (L.) Merrill) Intercropping in Resource Consumption on Fodder Yield, and Silage Quality

An experiment was carried out at the field units of the north campus experimental areas in Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China. The experiment was conducted on summer season (June to September) to determine the effects of different planting patterns of maize and soybean intercropping in resource consumption on fodder yield and silage quality. The main treatments were one sole crop of maize (SM) and four maize-soybean intercropping patterns (1 row maize to 1 row soybean (1M1S), 1 row maize to 2 rows soybean (1M2S), 1 rows maize to 3 rows soybean (1M3S) and 2 rows maize to 1 row soybean (2M1S), respectively. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications, and plot size of 12 m by 5 m. The crops were harvested when the maize reached at milk stage and soybean at R7 stage. The result indicated significant increase in fresh biomass and dry matter production of maize fodder alone as compared to maize intercropped with soybean fodder. It was correlated with a higher consumption of environmental resources, such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil moisture by intercropping. After 45 days of ensiling period, silage samples were analyzed for pH, organic acids (Lactic, acetic, and butyric), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K). It was concluded that in all intercropped silages, crude protein (CP) values were higher (1M1S, 12.1%; 1M2S, 12.2%; 1M3S, 12.4%; 2M1S, 12.1%) than the monocrop maize (SM, 8.7%) silage. Higher organic acids (p < 0.05) were produced in the 1M3S silages as compared to others silages. The study indicated that among all intercropped silages, the 1M3S (1 row maize to 3 rows soybean) was preferable according to nutrient composition than other intercropped silages.

Influence of spatial arrangement in maize-soybean intercropping on root growth and water use efficiency

The relationship between transpiration and root distribution under different spatial arrangements of intercropping is poorly understood. The effects of three spatial arrangements in the maize (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max L.) intercropping on root distribution, transpiration, water use efficiency (WUE) and grain yield were examined. Two-year field experiments were conducted using three spatial arrangements of 2 rows maize × 4 rows soybean (M2S4), 2 rows maize × 2 rows soybean (M2S2) and 4 rows maize × 2 rows soybean (M4S2), with their respective sole crops (monocrop) for comparison. The grain yield of maize in intercrops was higher than its monocrop and that of soybean in intercrops was lower than its monocrop. Except for M2S2 in 2014, there were yield advantages in intercropping due to improvement in the land use efficiency. Transpiration in maize was higher than in soybean regardless of the spatial arrangements. Transpiration of both maize and soybean was influenced by the spatial arrangements of the intercropping with M4S2 or M2S4 tending to have higher daily transpiration than monocrops and other spatial arrangements. Intercropping enhanced root length density (RLD) in both maize and soybean compared to the corresponding monocrop. RLD was higher and land equivalent ratio (LER) was lower under M2S2 than under other spatial arrangements of intercropping, WUE was higher in M4S2 than in other spatial arrangements. Intercropping was more efficient in using the environmental resources than monocropping. The M4S2 spatial arrangement in the maize-soybean intercropping could be selected because of its sustainability and greater land and water use efficiency.

Response of leaf morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system

Response of leaf morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system

Changes in light environment, morphology, growth and yield of soybean in maize-soybean intercropping systems

The maize-soybean intercropping system has become increasingly popular in many areas of the world, particularly in China, due to its high productivity and the harvest of two different grains. While efforts have been made to maintain the yield of the taller maize crop, there is limited understanding of how the morphology, growth and yield of the lower soybean crop changes in response to the shading by maize. We therefore conducted a three-year field experiment from 2013 to 2015 to investigate the changes in light environment, growth of individual organs, biomass, and grain yield of soybean under two intercropping patterns (1M1S, one row of maize with one row of soybean; 2M2S, two rows of maize with two rows of soybean) as compared to monoculture. Our results showed that at soybean flowering stage, the R:FR ratio at the top of soybean canopy was reduced 17–21% more than the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under intercropping compared to monoculture, with 15–19% more reduction under 1M1S than 2M2S. This led to increased internode lengths, plant height and specific leaf area (SLA), but reduced branching of soybean plants under intercropping. These morphological changes enabled the crop to intercept relatively more light and the shading also increased the light use efficiency (LUE) of soybean. However, these positive responses were not able to compensate the effect of reduced leaf area (due to smaller leaf size and less branching) and total light interception, leading to reduced biomass and grain. The reduction in grain yield was mainly caused by the reduced number of grains (particularly on the middle nodes) produced by the intercropped soybean plants, while the grain size remained unchanged. The data and results of this study may be used to develop and parameterize crop models for simulating development and growth of soybean crop in response to changes in the light environment under intercropping.

Effects of N application reduction and fertilizing distance on saving fertilizer and improving yield in maize/soybean intercropping system

To study the effect of N supplied levels and fertilization distances on saving fertilizer and improving yield in maize/soybean intercropping system, a field experiment was carried out with three N supplying levels ( RN1: 210 kg N·hm-2, RN2: 270 kg N·hm-2 and CN: 330 kg N·hm-2) and four fertilizing distances (D1: 0 cm, D2: 15 cm, D3: 30 cm and D4: 45 cm, indicating the distance between fertilizing site and maize in narrow row). Compared with CN, the results showed that dry matter accumulation and translocation, and their contribution to grain of post-anthesis maize under RN2 were increased by 1.4%, 23.0% and 16.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, kernel number per ear and grain yield per plant of maize were increased by 1.6% and 4.9%. For soybean, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and their contribution to grain at pre-anthesis under RN2 were increased by 2.1%, 37.9% and 26.9%, respectively. Both of soybean grain number and yield per plant were increased by 7.3%. For the maize-soybean intercropping system, N uptake and use efficiency of RN2 were 5.0% and 44.4% higher than those of CN. The soil N content of maize was raised by 4.1% under RN2, but decreased by 0.8% for soybean. The saving fertilizer and improving yield effect of D2 were the best among all the fertilizing distances. Under RN2, contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grain after anthesis and kernel number per ear of maize in D2 were 57.2% and 9.4% higher than those of D1. Compared with D4, the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grain before anthesis and grain number per plant of soybean in D2 were increased by 335.2% and 2.4%, respectively. For the maize/soybean intercropping system, N uptake and use efficiency of D2 were 15.1% and 112.4% greater than those of D1, and 21.4% and 66.3% higher than those of D4. The total soil N content of maize in D2 was 6.6% higher than that of D1, and the index for soybean was 16.0% higher than that of D4. Appropriate N application reduction and fertilizing distance would be beneficial to transfer dry matter to grain, improve grain number per plant, 100-grain mass and yield, promote N uptake and increase fertilizer use efficiency in the intercropping system, which could achieve the purpose of saving fertilizer and improving yield.

Relationship between cellulose accumulation and lodging resistance in the stem of relay intercropped soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Stem lodging is the most important constraint for soybean at seedling stage in maize–soybean intercropping in China. This study was conducted to determine whether cellulose accumulation and lodging resistance of soybean was affected by different cropping systems and soybean varieties with different shading tolerance at seedling stage. Three soybean varieties – Nandou 032-4 (shade susceptible), Jiuyuehuang (moderately shade tolerant) and Nandou 12 (shade tolerant) – were used to investigate the effect of intercropping on soybean lodging behavior and cellulose accumulation in stems and its relationship to lodging resistance. Shading by maize significantly reduced cellulose accumulation and the stem breaking strength of the soybean, which were significantly negatively correlated with the lodging rate. In the maize–soybean intercropping system, shading inhibited sucrose transportation and degradation into cellulose in the soybean stem. Less content of cellulose in soybean stem at the seedling stage resulted in lodging in the intercropping system. Compared with shade susceptible varieties, Nandou 12 had higher cellulose accumulation and related enzyme activities in the stem, and thus the stem breaking strength and lodging resistance of the basal stem increased. The higher activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthetase in the stem were associated with shade tolerance and lodging resistance. Thus, we concluded that the high physical strength and high cellulose contents of the stem of shade tolerant soybean reduced the rate of lodging in the maize–soybean intercropping system.

Effect of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping on protein characteristics of soybean

Effect of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping on protein characteristics of soybean

WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND WATER DISTRIBUTION RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT PLANTING PATTERNS IN MAIZE–SOYBEAN RELAY STRIP INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS

SUMMARYUnderstanding crop water use in mixed crops over sole cropping is vital for developing optimum water management systems for crop production. In this study, a two-year field experiment with typical maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] relay strip intercropping (2:2 maize-to-soybean rows; 200 cm bandwidth) was carried out in the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. The quantitative effects of various planting patterns on the water-use efficiency (WUE) and water distribution were investigated. Our results indicated that soil volumetric water content and soil evaporation in the intercropping systems showed decreasing trends in the order: maize row (MM) &lt; maize-to-soybean row (MS) &lt; soybean row (SS). The highest leaf transpiration (1.91 and 2.07 mmol m−2 s−1) for the intercropped maize was measured in each of the two years in the 20 cm maize narrow-row planting pattern and decreased thereafter. Opposite trend was observed for the intercropped soybean; the highest soybean leaf transpiration (7.01 and 6.80 mmol m−2 s−1 for 2013 and 2014, respectively) was recorded in the 70 cm. The WUE of maize and soybean intercrops was lower than that of sole crop counterparts. However, the maximum group water use efficiency (GWUE) of 26.08 and 26.20 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the 40–50 cm maize narrow-row planting pattern was, respectively, 39.6% and 23% higher compared with that of sole crops. The water equivalent ratio (WER) values ranged from 1.60–1.79, suggesting better crop water use in the intercrops over sole cropping. Planting patterns provided by 40–50 cm maize narrow-row spacing were considered the most efficient in terms of maximum total yields, GWUE and WER. These results suggest that an appropriate reduction in the spacing of narrow maize row with wide soybean row could be an efficient crop management method to achieve optimal WUE and homogeneous water distribution in maize–soybean intercropping systems.

A STAGGERED MAIZE–LEGUME INTERCROP ARRANGEMENT INFLUENCES YIELD, WEED SMOTHERING AND NUTRIENT BALANCE IN THE EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION OF INDIA

SUMMARYThe effects of sole and intercropping of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated with soybean (Glycine max L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) on crop yield, weed smothering efficiency (WSE) and nutrient (NPK) balance at Eastern Himalayan Region (EHR), India. Grain yield of maize was highest (3886 to 4110 kg ha−1) in the solitary system followed by maize-soybean intercrops at 1:2 rows. However, system productivity as well as production efficiency was higher by 47.3-63.3% and 39.5-58.4%, respectively in intercropping with groundnut at 1:5 rows compared to solitary maize. WSE was relatively higher to solitary soybean and was comparable to maize-groundnut intercropping at 1:5 row proportions. Similarly, NPK uptake was higher in intercropping of maize-soybean systems at 1:5 row proportions. Inclusion of legumes as intercrops in predominantly solitary rainfed maize may improve the system productivity while sustaining the nutrient availability in the vast uplands of the EHR and other similar rainfed hilly ecosystems.

Effects of shade and lighting recovery on growth and yield of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping

Effects of shade and lighting recovery on growth and yield of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping

Planting density and sowing proportions of maize–soybean intercrops affected competitive interactions and water-use efficiencies on the Loess Plateau, China

Abstract In field trials on the Loess Plateau, China, in 2012–13, maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) were sole cropped and intercropped at three densities and with three sowing proportions. Maize was generally more growth efficient for biomass accumulation than soybean during the entire growth interval, as assessed using the relative efficiency index (REIc). However, most of sowing proportion at each density displayed a trend of decreased growth with development. Throughout the growth period, the dry matter production and leaf area index (LAI) of maize increased as the plant density increased irrespective of whether it was grown as a sole crop or as an intercrop. However, the effect of increasing cropping density was less obvious for soybean. The LAI values of the sole crop treatment for both maize and soybean were greater than that of the intercropping system, indicating that the presence of maize and soybean together suppressed the respective growth of the two crops. At the final harvest, land equivalent ratios (LER) of 0.84–1.35 indicated resource complementarity in most of the studied intercrops. Complementarity was directly affected by changes in plant densities; the greatest LER were observed in 2 rows maize and 2 rows soybean intercrops at low density. The water equivalent ratio (WER), which characterized the efficiency of water resource use in intercropping, ranged from 0.84 to 1.68, indicating variability in the effect of intercropping on water-use efficiency (WUE).

Gross nitrogen mineralization and immobilization in temperate maize-soybean intercrops

Reliance on nitrogen (N) fertilizers to maintain crop productivity requires a thorough understanding of the transformation of this nutrient within the soil-plant system. Organic matter input from a mixture of crop residues, such intercrop systems, influence N transformations differently compared to sole crops. We tested the hypothesis that N mineralization and immobilization differ between cereal-legume intercrops and sole crops. A short-term experiment using 15N isotopic pool dilution was conducted in 2007 and 2012 in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) sole crops and 1:2 (1 row maize:2 rows soybean) and 2:3 (two rows maize:3 rows soybean) intercrops. Soil characteristics, gross mineralization and immobilization, and net immobilization to a 10 cm depth were quantified. Soil characteristics (pH, bulk density, soil organic carbon (C), total N, and C:N) were not significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments, but differed significantly (P < 0.05) between years (2007 vs. 2012). Soil NH4 +-N was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the maize sole crop. Gross N mineralization, immobilization and net immobilization, were significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments and between years. Relative NH4 +-N immobilization was significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments and between years, showing the lowest values in the intercrops. The amount of NH4 +-N mineralized per day was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the 2:3 intercrop and was significantly different (P < 0.05) between years in the 2:3 intercrop. Residence time of NH4 +-N was significantly longer (P < 0.05) in the soybean sole crop and 1:2 intercrop followed by the 2:3 intercrop and the maize sole crop. Intercropping contributed to the long-term immobilization of N and therefore was a more sustainable land-management practice than sole cropping. The adoption of cereal-legume intercrops will curb our currently growing reliance on N fertilizers.

黄土塬区玉米大豆不同间作方式（比例）对产量和经济收益的影响及其机制

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄土塬区玉米大豆不同间作方式对产量和经济收益的影响及其机制 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201309182308 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,西北农林科技大学,中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家高技术研究(863)发展计划项目(2011AA100504); 高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(B12007) The effect and mechanism of intercropping pattern on yield and economic benefit on the Loess Plateau Author: Affiliation: Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A F University,,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:利用不同玉米品种(郑单958和豫玉22)和大豆品种(中黄24和中黄13)在单作和两种(2:2和2:4)间作方式下,研究品种、间作方式对间作系统产量和经济效益的影响,探讨其潜在的作用过程和机制,以期为旱区农业高产高效服务。实验结果表明:(1)两种间作方式的土地当量比(LER),相对拥挤系数(K)都高于单作,表明玉米、大豆在两种间作方式下较单作具有显著的间作优势,玉米间作相比单作增产显著。K、实际产量损失(AYL)、侵占力(A)和竞争比率(CR)的变化规律均表明在间作栽培条件下,玉米相对于大豆为竞争优势物种;郑单958相对于豫玉22,中黄24相对于中黄13均占有一定竞争优势。郑单958与中黄24以2:4比例间作的间作优势(IA)及货币优势指数(MAI)值最高。(2)相比单作,间作种植模式下玉米的水分利用效率明显增加,而且玉米:大豆以2:4间作的水分利用效率显著高于2:2。郑单958与中黄24 在2:4间作方式下的产量和经济效益都最高,适合在当地应用和推广。 Abstract:One of the tasks of agricultural ecologist is to increase agricultural yield. How to improve agricultural practice is the biggest challenge in drought and barren environments on the Loess Plateau. Many studies have attempted to increase yield through the integration of plant population density, water and fertilizer use efficiency in this region. Intercropping, which is the simultaneous growing of two (or more) crop species in the same field, is a good solution to resolve this problem. Especially under low input conditions, the high yield attributes to resource complementarity in the intercropped system in which the component crops use the resources efficiently by dynamically balancing the different absorbing time, space-occupying or phenology. Maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) are important crops in China selected as the inter-planted crops. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the yield and economic benefit in the intercrops of maize (Zhengdan 958 and Yuyu 22) with soybean (Zhonghuang 24 and Zhonghuang 13) in two planting patterns (2:2 and 2:4) respectively on the Loess Plateau, and the sole crops set as controls. Based on the interrelation between varied components and planting patterns as well as their relation to crop yield, competition indices, economic indices and water use efficiency under intercropped, we look forward to understanding potential regulation and mechanisms of maize/soybean intercropped system and serving for the agricultural production. The aboveground biomass, grain yield and water use efficiency were surveyed in each planting pattern. Several indices of competition and economic were calculated and used to evaluate the intercropped systems and analyze the competitive relationships between intercropped components. The results showed that the land equivalent ratio (LER) and relative crowding coefficient (K) were greater in maize-soybean intercropping than that in sole crop, indicating an advantage of intercropping. Yield of maize in maize-soybean intercropping was higher than that in single crop. The actual yield loss (AYL), aggressivity (A) and competitive ratio (CR) indicated that maize was the dominant species in maize/soybean intercropped system. Zhengdan 958 and Zhonghuang 24 showed more competitiveness on the water than the other two varieties in intercropping cultivation. The highest values of monetary advantage index (MAI) and intercropping advantage (IA) were recorded by the intercropping pattern of Zhengdan 958 and Zhonghuang 24 (with 2:4). The highest water use efficiency of maize was in intercropping pattern of 2:4, followed by intercropping pattern of 2:2, and sole crop was the lowest. As mentioned above, maize and soybean intercropped system had an obvious advantage in enhancing yield. The increases in biomass, yield and water use efficiency were caused by different varieties interaction and plant patterns significantly. Zhengdan 958 intercropped with soybean (Zhonghuang 24 and Zhonghuang 13) had advantage, indicating that Zhenggdan 958 is able to improve intercropping advantage. Zhengdan 958 and Zhonghuang 24 intercropped in patterns of 2:4 obtained the highest yield and water use efficiency among all treatments. Therefore, we suggest that Zhengdan 958 and Zhonghuang 24 intercropped in patterns of 2:4 had the highest economic benefit than the other patterns and thus may be adopted and popularized by farmers. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Performance of Maize-Soybean Intercropping under Various N Application Rates and Soil Moisture Conditions in Northern Mozambique

Soybean has attracted increasing attention as a cash crop while subsistent maize production is the first priority for smallholder farmers in southern Africa. Our study examined the performance of maize-soybean intercropping system at three sites across northern Mozambique. Both monocropped and intercropped maize received three levels of N application, while soybean was grown without additional fertilization. The grain yield of monocropped maize applied N at three rates and that of monocropped soybean ranged 1.6 – 2.1 t ha–1 and 0.57 t ha–1, respectively, in Nampula; 1.7 – 3.9 t ha–1 and 1.87 t ha–1, respectively, in Gurue; and 2.8 – 4.5 t ha–1 and 2.01 t ha–1, respectively, in Lichinga. Relative to these values, maize-soybean intercropping demonstrated advantageous productivity over monocropping in terms of the land equivalent ratio (LER) at 1.15 – 1.49 across the experimental sites. LER above 1 was mainly attributed to the consistently superior growth of intercropped maize than the monocropped maize. Under moist field conditions, the LER values were particularly high in the non-fertilized plots because maize plants became more competitive and depressed the intercropped soybean yields to greater degrees with increasing N application rates. When exposed to a dry spell, intercropped soybean showed an apparent benefit in drought avoidance, as shown by the slow depletion of the soil water potential and leaf stomatal conductance and by the retention of the aboveground biomass relative to the monocropped soybean. These results indicate that maize-soybean intercropping can be beneficial to introduce soybean while ensuring subsistent maize production in the low-N-input and drought-prone environment that prevails in the region.

Yield Response to Different Planting Geometries in Maize–Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Systems

Planting geometries directly affect crop yields in intercropping systems. Two different field experiments were conducted in 2012–2013 to analyze how different planting geometries in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] relay strip intercropping systems at 2:2 maize‐to‐soybean affect yields. Maize plants were planted in narrow‐row planting patterns, whereas soybean was planted in wide rows. The effects of bandwidth, row spacing, plant spacing, and the distance between maize and soybean rows on crop yields were studied. Total intercrop yields were higher than those of sole crop maize and soybean, and the land equivalent ratios of the intercropping systems were above 1.3. The yield of the intercropped maize increased with bandwidth reduction at the same plant density, and similar results were found with increased maize narrow‐row spacing at the same bandwidth. Plant spacing had a dominant function when the bandwidth of the intercropped soybean was &gt;200 cm. By contrast, the distance between maize and soybean rows had a dominant function when bandwidth was &lt;200 cm. The optimum bandwidth and maize narrow‐row spacing in maize–soybean relay intercropping systems were 200 and 40 cm, respectively. These results suggest that the appropriate reduction in the spacing of the narrow maize rows and increase in the distance between maize and soybean rows could be used to achieve high yields in maize–soybean intercropping.

不同水氮处理对间作作物光能截获、竞争和利用的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同水氮处理对玉米-大豆间作群体内作物光能截获、竞争和利用的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201305121020 作者: 作者单位: 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南省焦作市广利灌区管理局,中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51109213); 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077) Effects of water and nitrogen on interception, competition and utilization of radiation in a maize-soybean intercropping system Author: Affiliation: Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture,Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture,Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture,Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture,Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture,Guangli Irrigation Authority,Jiaozuo City,Henan Province,Qinyang,Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过田间试验研究了不同水氮处理对玉米-大豆间作群体的光能截获、竞争与利用的影响。试验设置充分供水和水分亏缺两种水分处理以及施氮(亩施纯氮7.5 kg)和不施氮两种氮肥处理。结果表明,在生育中后期,同一氮肥处理条件下,充分供水处理间作作物的光能截获率显著高于水分亏缺处理;相同水分条件下,施氮处理间作大豆的光能截获率略高于不施氮处理,但未达到显著水平,而施氮处理间作玉米的光能截获率则显著高于不施氮处理。从播后第64天到成熟,同一氮肥处理条件下,充分供水提高了间作玉米的光能竞争比,但却降低了间作大豆的光能竞争比。从播后第73天到成熟,相同水分条件下,施氮处理间作玉米的光能竞争比显著高于不施氮处理,而大豆的光能竞争比在两个氮肥处理间则没有显著差异。充分供水条件下,施氮处理间作玉米的光能利用效率(LUE)为3.87 g/MJ,略高于不施氮处理(3.81 g/MJ);水分亏缺条件下,施氮处理间作玉米的LUE(3.86 g/MJ)比不施氮处理(3.72 g/MJ)高3.6%。充分供水条件下,施氮处理间作大豆的LUE(1.62 g/MJ)比不施氮处理(1.57 g/MJ)高3.2%;水分亏缺条件下,施氮处理间作大豆的LUE为1.55 g/MJ,与不施氮处理(1.54 g/MJ)基本相同,表明与氮肥处理相比,水分状况对大豆LUE的影响更为明显。 Abstract:The growing population is driving global demand for increased agricultural production while arable land is being lost with urbanization and degradation. Intercropping is often a reliable way of using land and other resources more effectively. Maize-soybean intercropping may raise land productivity by improving the use efficiency of water, nutrient, and radiation resources. Water and fertilizer conditions have obvious influences on canopy growth and development, thus affect radiation capture and utilization. However, few experiments were carried out to investigate effects of different water and nutrients combinations on radiation capture, competition and utilization in intercropping system. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to investigate effects of different water and nitrogen levels on radiation interception, competition and utilization in a maize-soybean strip intercropping system. The intercropping system consisted of two rows of maize and three rows of soybean flanked each other. The experiment design was consisted of 2 water levels, as sufficient water supply (soil moisture low limit was set as 75% of the field capacity) and water deficit (soil moisture low limit was set as 60% of the field capacity), and 2 nitrogen levels, as nitrogen application of 7.5 kg N per 667 m2 and no nitrogen application. The total number of treatments was 4 and 3 replications were arranged. Experimental results indicated that under same nitrogen application level, the fraction of radiation intercepted by the intercropped crops on sufficient water supply plots was higher than those on water deficit plots during the medium-late stage. Under same water level, the fraction of radiation interception of the intercropped soybean on nitrogen application plots was slightly greater than that on no nitrogen application plots, but the difference was not significant. However, the radiation interception fraction of the intercropped maize on nitrogen application plots was significantly greater than that on the no nitrogen plots. For the treatments with same nitrogen application, the radiation competition ratio of the intercropped maize increased and the radiation competition ratio of the intercropped soybean decreased as the water supply was improved during the period of 64 days after sowing to maturity. Under same water application level, the radiation competition ratio of the intercropped maize on nitrogen application plots was significantly greater than that on no nitrogen plots during the period of 73 days after sowing to maturity, while it was not significant that the difference between the radiation competition ratios of the intercropped soybean on the two nitrogen treatments. For sufficient water supply treatments, light use efficiency (LUE) of the intercropped maize was 3.87 g/MJ on nitrogen application plots, and slightly higher than that (3.81 g/MJ) on no nitrogen application plots. However, for water deficit treatments, LUE of the intercropped maize was 3.86 g/MJ on nitrogen application plots and 3.72 g/MJ on no nitrogen application plots, an increasing of 3.6%. Under sufficient water supply, LUE of the intercropped soybean on nitrogen application plots (1.62 g/MJ) was higher than that on no nitrogen application plots (1.57 g/MJ) by 3.2%, while, a LUE of 1.55 g/MJ for the intercropped soybean on nitrogen application plots was nearly same to a LUE of 1.54 g/MJ on no nitrogen application plots under water deficit. It can be deduced that the influence of water condition on LUE of intercropped soybean was more significant than that of nitrogen condition. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作系统下作物氮素吸收和利用效率的影响

减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作系统下作物氮素吸收和利用效率的影响