Maintenance Of Stock Research Articles

Digital Twin solutions to historical building stock maintenance cycles

The purpose of this work is to provide a framework for the vulnerability of traditional historical buildings. Buildings that are not constrained and do not have a design obligation for minor energy retrofit interventions. The digitization of the construction sector can help to design interventions with Digital Twin methodologies that can be integrated into a single document that collects them as the Digital Building Logbook. We propose a definition of an innovative workflow that defines integrations and technological innovations in the historical building stock. In this work are presented operational proposals to ensure and increase the protection and conservation of the Italian historical building stock, trying to strengthen the activities of designers and companies for the reduction of seismic vulnerability in case of maintenance or energy retrofit.

Model development synchronized with data mining for rolling stock maintenance strategy

Indian metro system is comprised of many functional units for enabling smooth run of trains namely tracks, rolling stock, signaling and communication, operations and control center, projects, and design. Among those functional units, Rolling Stock (RS) is an integral part of any rapid transit system and also the most critical space if proper maintenance measures are neglected. The rolling stock department comprises interdisciplinary teams working together to ensure efficient delivery of trains on a service run. The trainsets of Metro Rail Networks are often subjected to both periodic and corrective maintenance based on service requirements. The maintenance schedule of the trainsets is monitored through a wireless communication mode. The train operator is responsible for alerting the nodal person regarding subsequent correspondence in the event of any emergency maintenance necessity. Therefore, this paper concentrates on the development of an IoT-based automatized maintenance prioritizing platform based on the incorrect operational sequence number that pops up in the operator’s cabin. A mathematical model is synchronized with the alert triggering signal from the field to categorize hierarchical decision-making on preventative and corrective maintenance. Simultaneously, a Genetic Algorithm is implemented to analyze the adopted combinations of maintenance say M1, M2, and M3 to identify the model that produced precise results. The test results reveal that the M3 model, which includes both corrective and preventative maintenance exhibits higher efficiency with a probability of 0.92%–0.98%. In addition, the combined maintenance prioritization system M3 offers the quickest analyzing time in the cloud computing platform (0.18 s) and the highest transaction performance on real-time datasets.

Modification of the metro rolling stock maintenance process, taking into account the condition of selected vehicle components

Abstract: The article covers the possibilities of using modern IT and electronic solutions to modify the maintenance process of railway vehicles operated in the Warsaw metro. The legal and technical aspects of rolling stock operation were discussed, and examples of three types of vehicles used in the Warsaw Metro were presented. The current technical solutions in the field of monitoring the condition of some vehicle components were indicated. Keywords: Metro; Rolling stock; Maintenance system

CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES FOR DETERMINATION OF PRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN TRAFFIC ROLLING STOCK PROJECTS

The article considers the problems of managing the efficiency of use of production and technological potential of rolling stock. It is investigated that in order to improve the efficiency of functioning it is necessary to determine the conceptual approaches of the components of the processes of maintenance and operation of rolling stock. This requires the use of technical means and methods of monitoring the technical condition of the wheelsets of the rolling stock. It is investigated that the possibility of successful solution of one of the important tasks of the railway industry risk of improving the quality of repair and restoration works and prolonging the life cycle of rolling stock is possible by ensuring control over finished products and improving process management. It is determined that the form of the concept of conceptual approaches to determining the essence of production and technological potential of maintenance and operation of traction rolling stock is a model of the life cycle of maintenance and development of its operation. A detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods of quality control of repair of wheelsets of railway rolling stock. Ways to increase the life cycle of wheelsets are considered. The mathematical model of a complex estimation of quality of repair of wheel pairs that will increase efficiency of operational work of a rolling stock and safety of transport process is offered. The paper considers the components of conceptual approaches to improving the functioning of production and technological potential of the transport complex in the projects of traction rolling stock.

Maintaining Laboratory Cultures of Gryllus bimaculatus, a Versatile Orthopteran Model for Insect Agriculture and Invertebrate Physiology.

Gryllus bimaculatus (De Geer)is a large-bodied cricket distributed throughout Africa and Southern Eurasia where it is often wild-harvested as human food. Outside its native range, culturing G. bimaculatus is feasible due to its dietary plasticity, rapid reproductive cycle, lack of diapause requirement, tolerance for high-density rearing, and robustness against pathogens. Thus, G. bimaculatus can bea versatile model for studies of insect physiology, behavior, embryology, or genetics. Cultural parameters, such as stocking density, within-cage refugia, photoperiod, temperature, relative humidity, and diet, all impact cricket growth, behavior, and gene expression and should be standardized. In the burgeoning literature on farming insects for human consumption, these crickets are frequently employed to evaluate candidate feed admixtures derived from crop residues, food-processing byproducts, and other low-cost waste streams. To support ongoing experiments evaluating G. bimaculatus growth performance and nutritional quality in response to variable feed substrates, a comprehensive set of standard protocols for breeding, upkeep, handling, measurement, and euthanasia in the laboratory was developed and is presented here. An industry-standard cricket feed has proven nutritionally adequate and functionally appropriate for the long-term maintenance of cricket breeding stocks, as well as for use as an experimental control feed. Rearing these crickets at a density of 0.005 crickets/cm3 in screen-topped 29.3 L polyethylene cages at an average temperature of 27 °C on a 12 light (L)/12 dark (D) photoperiod, with moistened coconut coir serving both as hydration source and oviposition medium has successfully sustained healthy crickets over a 2-year span. Following these methods, crickets in a controlled experiment yielded an average mass of 0.724 g 0.190 g at harvest, with 89% survivorship and 68.2% sexual maturation between stocking (22 days) and harvest (65 days).

Are High-Altitude Residents More Susceptible to Covid-19 in India? Findings and Potential Implications for Research and Policy

In this paper, we study the incidence of COVID-19 and the associated fatality with altitude using high frequency, district level data from India. To understand the implications of the nationwide lockdown after the outbreak, we use data for about four months- two from the lockdown period starting from March 25 till May 31, 2020 and about two months after unlocking was initiated (June 1-July 26, 2020). The multivariate regression result indicates slower growth in average rate of infection during the lockdown period in hilly regions, the gains of which attenuated after the unlocking was initiated. Despite these early gains, the rate of fatalities is significantly higher during the lockdown period in comparison to the plains. The findings remain robust to multiple alternative specifications and methods including one that accounts for confounding possibilities via unobservable and provides consistent estimates of bias adjusted treatment effects. The evidence supports the need for provisioning of public health services and infrastructure upgradation, especially maintenance of adequate stock of life support devices, in high altitude regions. It also underscores the necessity for strengthening and revising the existing Hill Areas Development Programme and integrating important aspects of public health as part of this policy.

The global potential for increased storage of carbon on land

Constraining the climate crisis requires urgent action to reduce anthropogenic emissions while simultaneously removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Improved information about the maximum magnitude and spatial distribution of opportunities for additional land-based removals of CO2 is needed to guide on-the-ground decision-making about where to implement climate change mitigation strategies. Here, we present a globally consistent spatial dataset (approximately 500-m resolution) of current, potential, and unrealized potential carbon storage in woody plant biomass and soil organic matter. We also provide a framework for prioritizing actions related to the restoration, management, and maintenance of woody carbon stocks and associated soils. By comparing current to potential carbon storage, while excluding areas critical to food production and human habitation, we find 287 petagrams (PgC) of unrealized potential storage opportunity, of which 78% (224 PgC) is in biomass and 22% (63 PgC) is in soil. Improved management of existing forests may offer nearly three-fourths (206 PgC) of the total unrealized potential, with the majority (71%) concentrated in tropical ecosystems. However, climate change is a source of considerable uncertainty. While additional research is needed to understand the impact of natural disturbances and biophysical feedbacks, we project that the potential for additional carbon storage in woody biomass will increase (+17%) by 2050 despite projected decreases (−12%) in the tropics. Our results establish an absolute reference point and conceptual framework for national and jurisdictional prioritization of locations and actions to increase land-based carbon storage.

LEGISLATIVE PROBLEMS OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES FUNCTIONING IN RUSSIA

The presented work provides a social and legal analysis of the problems of the housing and communal services industry in Russia at the present stage. Both internal and external industry problems are identified. Proposals are being made to resolve problems and further develop the industry. The result of the implementation of the legal proposals is the "economic and legal rehabilitation" of the management of the housing and communal services system of Russia, which will allow to adjust and give the right vector in the development of the entire economy as a whole, both in the legal field and in the economy, which, in our opinion, will contribute to achieving the set result. The functions of the state in the sphere of housing and communal services have been undergoing changes for a long time. As a result of these changes, the burden of maintenance, management, servicing, and development of the housing stock has shifted to the responsibilities of the population. However, today the legislative foundation for the functioning of public utilities has many contradictions and shortcomings, does not meet modern realities, which requires amendments to legislative norms.

Capacity-Oriented Train Scheduling of High-Speed Railway Considering the Operation and Maintenance of Rolling Stock

The capacity of some busy rail lines is increasingly tight and passenger demand far exceeds the railway capacity. To schedule as many trains as possible in order to satisfy more transportation demands, we studied the capacity-oriented train scheduling problem. While most approaches focus only on increasing the capacity of the rail line, this research considers both the time-space distribution of transportation demands and the operation and maintenance of rolling stock. To solve this problem, we first constructed a time-space network to describe the time-space path of rolling stock. We then proposed an integer planning model with rolling stock maintenance and the OD service frequency constraints to maximize the number of running arcs in rail sections. After decomposing this model by introducing some Lagrangian multipliers to relax its hard constraints, we proposed a Lagrangian relaxation-based decomposition algorithm, including two path search sub-algorithms for rolling stock to optimize both the relaxed and the feasible solutions. Finally, we conducted a computation study on a practical double-track high-speed railway line to test the performance of this algorithm. It reports that the train timetables and the operation of rolling stock are well managed.

Treatment Algorithm of Periprosthetic Femoral Fracturens.

Introduction. The ever-expanding indications for total hip arthroplasty are leading to more implants being placed in younger as well as in older patients with high functional demand. Also, prolonged life expectancy is contributing to an overall increment of periprosthetic femoral fractures. The Vancouver classification has been the most used for guiding the surgeon choice since its proposal in 1995. Fractures occurring over a hip femoral implant can be divided into intra-operative and post-operative PFFs, and their treatment depends on factors that may severely affect the outcome: level of fracture, implant stability, quality of bone stock, patients’ functional demand, age and comorbidities, and surgeon expertise. There are many different treatment techniques available which include osteosynthesis and revision surgery or a combination of both. The goals of surgical treatment are patients’ early mobilization, restoration of anatomical alignment and length with a stable prosthesis and maintenance of bone stock. Significance. The aim of this review is to describe the state-of-the-art treatment and outcomes in the management of PFFs. We performed a systematic literature review of studies reporting on the management of PFFs around hip stems and inter-prosthetic fractures identifying 45 manuscripts eligible for the analysis. Conclusions. PFFs present peculiar characteristic that must be considered and special features that must be addressed. Their management is complex due to the extreme variability of stem designs, the possibility of having cemented or uncemented stems, the difficulty in identifying the “real” level of the fracture and the actual stability of the stem. As a result, the definition of a standardized treatment is unlikely, thereby high expertise is fundamental for the surgical management of PPFs, so this kind of fractures should be treated only in specialized centres with both high volume of revision joint arthroplasty and trauma surgery.

SISTEM INFORMASI INVENTORY STOK MAINTENANCE PADA PT. TOWER BERSAMA INFRASTRUCTURE, TBK BERBASIS WEB

Tower Bersama Infrastructure,Tbk is a company engaged in providing network tower services. Currently, the process of processing inventory stock maintenance data is still done manually, so it takes a long time and is less accurate. The purpose of this research is to build a Web-based inventory stock maintenance information system, to facilitate the data processing so that it becomes fast, precise and accurate. This information system was built using the PHP programming language and MySQL as the database. The input data needed are stock data, maintenance team data, supplier data, user data, incoming goods and outgoing goods. The process carried out is the process of incoming goods data, outgoing goods data, supplier data, and team data, while the output is in the form of stock data reports, maintenance team data reports, supplier data reports, incoming goods data reports, and outgoing goods data reports. The expected result of this research is to create a web-based inventory information system that can simplify inventory and speed up the process of delivering inventory information.

Pooling sputum for Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert Ultra testing during the Covid-19 pandemic in Lao People's Democratic Republic.

The global Covid-19 pandemic has limited access to molecular TB diagnostics and National Programmes are struggling to maintain essential services. The pooling method (testing several samples together) could reduce the number of cartridges and staff time needed for TB diagnosis but has not been tested within the pandemic. We conducted two independent cross-sectional surveys. Pools composed of four sputum samples were tested using either Xpert-MTB/RIF or Xpert-Ultra. Pooled and individual results were compared to determine the level of agreement. Each survey included 840 participants and 210 pools. In the Xpert MTB/RIF survey, 77/81 (sensitivity 95.1%, 95%CI 87.8%-98.6%) pools containing ≥1 positive sample tested MTB-positive and 4/81 (4.9%, 95%CI 1.4%-12.2%) tested MTB-negative. All 129/129 pools containing MTB-negative samples tested MTB-negative (specificity 100%, 95%CI 97.2%-100%), with 98.1% agreement (Kappa: 0.959). In the Xpert-Ultra survey, 70/70 (sensitivity 100%, 95%CI 94.9%-100%) pools containing ≥ 1 MTB-positive sample tested MTB-positive and 140/140 (specificity 100%, 95%CI 97.4%-100%) pools containing only MTB-negative samples tested MTB-negative, with 100% agreement (Kappa: 1). Pooled testing with Xpert-MTB/RIF and Xpert-Ultra saved 38.3% and 41.7% (322/840 and 350/840, respectively) in cartridge costs alone. The pooling method with Xpert-MTB/RIF and Xpert-Ultra has similar performance to individual testing and can reduce the number of cartridges needed. These efficiencies can facilitate maintenance of stocks and sustain essential services as countries face difficulties for laboratory procurement during the pandemic and will provide cost and time savings post-pandemic.

Strategy Practiced by Rolling Stock Maintenance: A Case Study Within the Urban Rail

This research aims to analyse, evaluate and rank the maintenance strategy practised by the train operating companies, specifically by the rolling stock maintenance team. A quantitative method was adopted for data collection. A total of five train operating companies were chosen to participate in a survey that has been carefully designed. The research first identified the maintenance strategy associated with the rolling stock maintenance through systematic literature reviews. Afterwards, six maintenance strategies adopted by the companies were identified. The type of maintenance strategies identified was used to structure the survey questionnaire. Judgemental sampling was utilised for sampling purposes. Finally, the data collected from the survey were analysed using an importance index to complete the ranking analysis. The research discovered that corrective and preventive maintenance strategies are the most commonly adopted among the five Malaysian train operating companies. This study also highlighted the factors that future studies should consider to establish predictive cost models for rolling stock maintenance.

Cost of Rolling Stock Maintenance in Urban Railway Operation: Literature Review and Direction

The rolling stock might function at an optimum level in reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety with comprehensive maintenance. The past decade has seen rapid development in the management of maintenance costs in many sectors such as the automotive and aviation industry. However, there is a lack in a number of studies focusing on rolling stock maintenance costs. This article provides comprehensive knowledge on the rolling stock maintenance cost. Recently, the research found no specific literature reviews that focus on typical rolling stock maintenance costs. This paper attempts to review, identify and discuss the influential costs involved in rolling stock maintenance. This research systematically reviews and classifies a substantial number of published papers and suggests a classification of specific cost categories according to rolling stock needs. The results revealed that 27 variables have contributed to the rolling stock maintenance costs. The highest among the influential costs are 13.8% spare part cost, 11% life cycle cost, 6.4% preventive maintenance cost, and 4.6% for the workforce, corrective maintenance, and cost of ownership, respectively. The interrelationship between influential costs and their effects on rolling stock costs is further discussed. More importantly, the paper is intended to provide a comprehensive view of influential costs affecting rolling stock maintenance and give useful references for personnel working in the industry as well as researchers. This research has highlighted the possibility of future major studies to minimize the identified maintenance cost and industry to optimize its operational cost.

REDUCING THE NUMBER OF UNSCHEDULED REPAIRS OF TRACTION GEAR OF EMU TRAINS BY INTRODUCING MODERN TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

The purpose of this article was to find a solution to the problem of reducing the number of the electric multiple unit (EMU) trains traction drive unscheduled repairs due to the breakage of the M24 bolts of the rubber-cord coupling. For these purposes, it is proposed to develop a device that allows accumulating and transmitting data of the impact forces perceived by the bolts of the rubber-cord coupling and whereby reduce the number of unplanned repairs, as well as the associated rolling stock maintenance financial costs for the JSC «Pasažieru vilciens» railway undertaking. The article presents the initial concept of the design development for a device based on the piezoelectric effect, which will make possible to determine the impact force acting on the M24 bolts of the rubber-cord coupling. The data on the minimum breaking force P were taken based on the results of determining the shear stress [τ] - on the shear acting on the M-24 bolts of the rubber-cord coupling fastening. Using the electronic modules included in the designed device, it is planned to provide storage and transmission of information with the further possibility of its processing by a developed PC software or mobile application. However, such devices have a significant drawback - a high development price. For this reason, in order to obtain economic viability, the challenge is creating a device, which cost is limited to 50 Euros. Putting this device into operation would reduce the number of unscheduled repairs therefore reducing the costs experienced by the JSC «Pasažieru vilciens».

Population attributes of Littoraria angulifera (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in mangroves in Bahia State, northeastern Brazil.

Littoraria angulifera (Lamarck, 1822) is an estuarine gastropod of tropical occurrence, which lives mainly on trunks of mangrove tree species. This study aimed to evaluate the population attributes of this species, such as abundance, space-time distribution, sex ratio and recruitment in mangroves in Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. The specimens were collected monthly throughout 2018, on trunks of the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle L. at two heights and on two horizontal levels. Specimens that were on the marine grass Spartina alterniflora Loisel were also collected. After counting, biometrics and sexing, the specimens were returned alive to the environment. The average size and weight of L. angulifera was higher (p<0.05) in places with taller and less sparse trees and the vertical distribution on the trunks showed a preference for strata close to the soil. Both results are related to shading and protection against desiccation. Females were more abundant than males, at an approximate sex ratio F: M of 1.4: 1. Recruits were observed throughout the period, showing continuous reproduction of the species with a recruitment peak in spring (September to November). The study revealed the importance of keep the mangroves intact to allow the maintenance of the natural stocks of the species.

The use of energy-saving technologies in the maintenance and repair of rolling stock

The use of energy-saving technologies in the maintenance and repair of rolling stock

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ОБОРОТНОГО КАПІТАЛУ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article raises a number of problems related to the risk management of working capital of a trading enterprise. It is noted that the war against Russian aggression exacerbated the problem of formation and replenishment of working capital at trade enterprises. It is substantiated that risk management is a process of influence on the subject of economic activity, which provides the widest possible range of coverage of possible risks, their justified acceptance, reduction of the degree of impact of risks on the subject to a minimum, development of a strategy for the behavior of this subject in the event implementation of specific types of risks. It was established that the working capital optimization mechanism covers the following areas: improving the state of payables and receivables; short-term cash flow planning for individual counterparty enterprises and for the company as a whole; rationing and reduction of stocks, launch of management and control mechanisms to ensure the maintenance of stocks at an optimal level. It is proposed to develop and implement risk management tools for working capital and cash, which would involve the following stages: formation of an optimal organizational structure with a clear division of responsibilities; creation of a reporting management system; monitoring the effectiveness of inventory management, receivables and payables; determination of key performance indicators and creation of a system of motivating units for achieving the established indicators. It was determined that in the practice of domestic trade enterprises, it is advisable to apply the following methods of working capital management: rationing; ABC method; optimization. It is justified that in order to increase the efficiency of the use of the company's working capital, it is advisable to implement a number of measures in all spheres of the company's operation, in particular: improvement of the company's marketing activities; acceleration of the process of selling finished products; improvement of the settlement system for shipped products; effective management of receivables; expansion of cooperation with banking institutions regarding raising funds and carrying out settlements; compliance with contractual and payment discipline.

Do cage fish farms promote interference in the trophic niche of wild fish in neotropical reservoir?

Cage fish farming in hydroelectric reservoirs has been reported to promote variations in environmental conditions, which directly interfere with the foraging behavior of wild fish. We have hypothesized that the abundance of foods derived from fish farming activities alters the interspecific relationships of wild fish. To test this, we evaluated the diet composition, trophic niche breadth, and trophic niche overlap of the wild fish fauna sampled in two areas (cage farm and control area). Changes in diet composition between areas were observed, resulting in contraction of the trophic niche, and partitioning of food resources in the cage farm area. These results indicate the complexity of the influence of cage fish farms and demonstrate the importance of studies on the wild fish fauna under the influence of these systems. Furthermore, the species evaluated here have economic potential for local fishing, and our results suggest the maintenance of fish stocks in the short term due to the energy supply of the cages.

Distant temperature and humidity monitoring: prediction and measurement

Sensing environmental measuring parameters has a pivotal role in our everyday lives. Most of our daily life activities depend upon environmental conditions. Accurate information about these parameters also helps in several industrial applications like ventilation rate calculation, energy prediction, stock maintenance in warehouses, and saving from harmful conditions. The emergence of machine learning can make it easy to predict such time series problems. This paper describes the design of a remotely controlled robotic car for measuring and predicting humidity and temperature. A customized app for accessing the robotic car is designed to indicate predicted and realtime measured values of humidity and temperature. A sensor installed builtin helps in the measurement. The recurrent neural network (RNN) model is used to predict humidity and temperature. For this purpose, experiments are carried out in both outdoor and indoor settings. Accuracy of 85% and 90% is achieved in an outdoor environment and indoor settings.