Maintenance Manual Research Articles

A task‐centric knowledge graph construction method based on multi‐modal representation learning for industrial maintenance automation

AbstractMaintenance manuals are crucial information sources for maintenance and repair. Prior studies explored factual knowledge extraction from textual documents. However, maintenance knowledge in manuals is more task‐centric rather than factual knowledge and often documented in an unstructured Portable Document Format (PDF), posing challenges for knowledge extraction. Addressing this, this research develops effective methods to extract task‐centric maintenance knowledge from unstructured PDF manuals. A new Task‐centric Knowledge Graph (TCKG) schema centralized on maintenance task components (MTCs) is proposed to address the need for structured knowledge representation. A method (Heterogeneous Graph‐based Method, HGM) for knowledge extraction is then proposed, which is enhanced by incorporating visual and spatial information. In the experiments, the proposed HGM exhibits robust performance in the knowledge extraction process, surpassing the baseline Graph‐based Interaction Model with a Tracker (GIT) method in MTCs extraction by 13.3%, and the baseline Translate Embedding (TransE) method in MTCs' relation extraction by 3.8%. A series of ablation studies also prove that including visual and spatial information through the proposed method can improve the relation extraction performance by over 10%. This research supplies valuable insights for future developments in information extraction from maintenance manuals.

Sustainable management of small-town water supply in Nepal: improvement through the multi-stage training mechanism

ABSTRACT In Nepal, a project to sustain a safe water supply for small towns was executed in 68 towns, each with distinctive water sources and topographical situations. This project adopted two approaches to establish a standardized capacity development process for small-town water supplies. The first approach, the Management Model, consists of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and business planning. The second approach, termed the Support Model, entails a comprehensive system for training, monitoring, and evaluating water supply management. Throughout the project, a total of 31 SOPs pertaining to operation, maintenance, and facility rehabilitation manuals were developed. Moreover, four courses consisting of training, basic and on-site training, and interactive workshops were conducted. Consequently, the data deficiency rate reduced significantly by 61%, while 87% of water samples met water quality standards. In contrast, the operating ratio and water production rates improved by 17 and 29%, respectively. The materials produced from these models are expected to contribute to small-town water supply systems beyond the pilot sites. This is due to the versatility of the model for future applications. Although the project was effectively implemented, continuous support for small-town water supply by the Government of Nepal is needed for future sustainability.

A Hidden IT “Best Seller”: IBM Customer Engineering Maintenance Manuals, 1930s–1980s

A Hidden IT “Best Seller”: IBM Customer Engineering Maintenance Manuals, 1930s–1980s

The Manufacturing Processes of Airbus A320 Landing Gear Bhushings Using Reverse Engineering Methods

The aviation sector is currently enjoying fast growth, as seen by the manufacture of 8,650 Airbus A320 aircraft. One critical component is the landing gear bushing (P/N 201160616), which provides safety and performance during takeoff and landing. PT. GMF AeroAsiaTbk is having difficulty obtaining these bushings due to low stock, configuration changes, and delivery delays. To address this, PT. GMF AeroAsiaTbk, through PMA Holder GMF Aero Asia, intends to produce bushings independently under the Parts Manufacturing Approval procedure outlined in CASR Part 21 Sub-Part K, with DGCA monitoring. Reverse engineering approaches are utilized to overcome technical information restrictions, allowing high-quality bushings to be produced. The research goals are to collect dimensional and material data, develop optimal production methods, and understand the electroplating process on bushings. The reverse engineering procedure entails taking measurements with a vernier calliper and a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) as well as reviewing the Component Maintenance Manual. Preparation, fabrication, inspection, packing, and marking are all part of the production process. Bright cadmium electroplating is used to prevent corrosion and enhance appearance. The findings are expected to improve production efficiency, decrease downtime, and ensure the availability of dependable spare parts.

Maintenance management of pneumatic equipment and facilities at a plant in the Industrial corridor in the South area of the state of Tamaulipas

Maintenance planning is focused on production, the work is to limit, avoid and correct failures. The planning is focused on the processes, all maintenance must follow a pre-established and planned process according to the company's maintenance manual. Continuous improvement and planning help to evaluate and improve the execution of maintenance and production in the company. Planning and scheduling are a fundamental part of the proper functioning of maintenance. The development of a company is an organized system that, thanks to the effort and proper functioning of the teams, such as the personnel that work in it; This entire system has an end and is to provide a high-quality service that is competitive at the national level. Each company has a different methodology to manage the maintenance of their equipment and as technology advances, they are renewed for optimum performance. In Altamira, the growth of the companies has been exponential due to a correct administration in their production line, avoiding long delays or inconveniences that affect the company in a monetary way.

Функционально-семантическая и прагматическая специфика текстов инструктивного характера в немецком языке

The paper is devoted to a detailed study of the speech genre of instruction in the German linguistic culture, which is a certain set of explanatory instructions, the obligatoriness or necessity of which is determined by the prescriptive-advisory nature. The essence of instructing speech actions is illustrated by the example of German-language operation and maintenance manuals for household appliances. The research aims to describe instruction as a special type of text. The paper also examines in detail the structural-semantic organisation of instructional discourse, reflecting its communicative intentions and functional orientation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the choice of perspective for consideration of the material, namely, the study is novel in that such a specific form of organisation of speech material as instruction is comprehensively analysed from a communicative-pragmatic point of view. As a result of the research, it has been found that linguistic (terminological vocabulary and units of the morphological and syntactic levels) and non-linguistic means (images) of different levels realised within instructional ways of information transfer have characteristic linguostylistic features and also contain a certain pragmatic potential associated with the implementation of specific prescribed actions.

Interaction with Industrial Digital Twin Using Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning.

Digital twins have revolutionized manufacturing and maintenance, allowing us to interact with virtual yet realistic representations of the physical world in simulations to identify potential problems or opportunities for improvement. However, traditional digital twins do not have the ability to communicate with humans using natural language, which limits their potential usefulness. Although conventional natural language processing methods have proven to be effective in solving certain tasks, neuro-symbolic AI offers a new approach that leads to more robust and versatile solutions. In this paper, we propose neuro-symbolic reasoning (NSR)-a fundamental method for interacting with 3D digital twins using natural language. The method understands user requests and contexts to manipulate 3D components of digital twins and is able to read maintenance manuals and implement installations and removal procedures autonomously. A practical neuro-symbolic dataset of machine-understandable manuals, 3D models, and user queries is collected to train the neuro-symbolic reasoning interaction mechanism. The evaluation demonstrates that NSR can execute user commands accurately, achieving 96.2% accuracy on test data. The proposed method has industrial importance since it provides the technology to perform maintenance procedures, request information from manuals, and serve as a tool to interact with complex virtual machinery using natural language.

Bonding quality monitoring of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics bonded structures by fiber Bragg gratings

This paper deals with a new method for the continuous and remote monitoring of the bonding quality of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) bonded structures. The proposed approach is based on the use of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) sensors and relies on the dependence of their temperature-induced strain sensitivity, generated by local inductions of (even small) thermal changes, on the quality of the bonding. Bonding composite laminates is a structural solution often adopted in aeronautics. The presence of disbonded areas during production is normally investigated with nondestructive tests (NDT), generally based on ultrasonic techniques (UT). However, these techniques do not always allow to detect areas with poor bonding quality (insufficient adhesion forces). To simulate such situations, some specimens were used for the experimental tests consisting of CFRP flat skins partially overlapped in a bonded area. To reproduce various bonding conditions, the specimens were bonded with different adhesive laying techniques. Experimental results here reported demonstrate that the FBGs thermal sensitivity can change significantly depending on the quality of the bonding in proximity of their position and can increase up to ∼ 50 % if the FBG is positioned in proximity of areas of the composite laminates presenting a disbonding or defects. The proposed monitoring approach is useful for in-service structural health monitoring of aircraft, supporting the NDT methods usually included in maintenance manuals.

Implementation of QR code for Operation & Maintenance (O&M) manuals for machines at project sites

Operation & Maintenance Manuals have generally covered Technical Literatures about the Machine and either are stored in Hard Copies in Customer office / site archives or stored in Computers in soft forms. After a long period generally, the accessibility of these documents becomes difficult due to change of site persons/change of office/hard disk crash, etc. which increase the difficulty of retrieval of these documents & increase the machine idle time & customer dissatisfaction. The subject article covers aspects of the Implementation of Latest Digitalization effort of converting the Operation & Maintenance Manuals of the Machines, Equipment, Skids, etc. into QR Code and to installed these QR codes near equipment at site, Control Room / Site administration building for ease of accessibility & retrieval of the O&M while scanning the same from mobile. This shall help to achieve the objective of customer satisfaction / site person satisfactions and to increase the efficiency of the machine & reducing the machine idle time.

LEARNERS ’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE PREFERENCES IN THE CURRICULUM: ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN ZIMBABWE’ UNIVERSITIES

The purpose of this study was to establish university students’ foreign language preferences. It was motivated by the observation that, in Zimbabwe learners’ foreign language preferences are not included in the curriculum. This study was guided by the pragmatist philosophy which sought what works in a given context. The research design was a linear combination of document analysis, survey and focus group discussions. Data was collected from a stratified sample of 279 adult learners at a university of technology in Zimbabwe. The study found that, Zimbabwe school curriculum is limited by the foreign language policy to offer the following foreign languages: English, French, Portuguese and Chinese mandarin. Learners’ foreign language preferences include Japanese and Chinese to facilitate trade and commerce. Zimbabwe imports computers and vehicles under the “Look East policy.” These technical appliances bring with them repair and maintenance manuals which are in Japanese or Chinese. Consumers who are illiterate in such foreign languages operate and repair them on a trial and error and trial and success basis. The utility value of foreign goods dictates the need for foreign languages in the school curriculum from primary school. Schools limit their foreign languages because there is not compulsory policy. They have no teachers for other foreign languages besides English. The study encourages foreign bilateral relations for the promotion of language teachers’ from Zimbabwe to learn foreign languages and how to teach it within the appropriate context. Foreign embassies canthe teaching of foreign languages by supplying videos which can be played and discussed in the context of the foreign culture. The few lecturers and teachers of foreign languages can be sponsored to write or translate stories from Zimbabwe’s context into any foreign language that they are competent in to enhance the utility value for foreign languages in Zimbabwe.

Characterizing aviation maintenance manuals written in the controlled language ASD-STE100 as a genre: a corpus analysis

The texts associated with aircraft maintenance are fundamental in the maintenance process and in aircraft security. Aviation maintenance manuals ‒the core of this documentation‒ have to comply with regulations concerning content, format and expression. To ensure uniformity, manuals abide by a specification which regulates writing practices accommodating them to the controlled natural language ASD-STE100, a simplified version of English used as a standard in the industry. Through the qualitative analysis of a corpus of maintenance texts, this paper characterizes aviation instructions manuals as a genre by (i) illustrating the most relevant restrictions imposed by the specification and their implementation at the surface levels glossed in the specification and (ii) providing a description of the rhetorical macrostructure of instructional texts. The analysis reveals discrepancies between actual use and the rules which concern lexical, phrasal or sentential units; compliance with the rhetorical macrostructure seems to be the norm, however. As an explanation, it is hypothesized that deviations occur in areas where the specification clashes with standard technical writing practice, supporting thus the view that genres are mediated by social practices. Although further quantitative analysis is pending, this description of the use of ASD-STE100 might prove of interest both to scholars and practitioners.

Analisis Troublehooting Starter Motor terus berputar saat putaran APU Engine mencapai 50% rpm

Airplanes are a universal means of transportation, with planes, we don't have to worry about the time when we want to go anywhere because with airplane transportation we can go anywhere in an efficient and short time. In this day and age, aircraft technology is very advanced. The aircraft component itself consists of several components, namely the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). The APU functions to supply pneumatic and electrical energy for aircraft, where the electrical functions for electricity on the aircraft while pneumatic functions for engine starting, hydraulic pressure, air conditioning and others.
 This research method is descriptive research consisting of drafting, data collection, data processing and report preparation. In this step there are more stages which will later serve to get a conclusion in the study. Basically the trouble that often occurs when the APU starting process is on the starter motor component, Troubleshoot that often occurs in the starter motor component, namely the starter motor will continue to rotate when it reaches 50% rpm rotation caused by a starter motor problem, starter relay problem and electronical speed switch problem. Therefore, we must immediately repair or replace these components according to the aircraft maintenance manual so that the aircraft remains airworthy.

Fault Analysis and Treatment of GE Brivo MR355 1.5 T Magnetic Resonance Gradient System and Cooling System

The GE Brivo MR355 1.5 T magnetic resonance system is difficult to maintain due to its complex structure and principle. Clinical engineers should be familiar with the basic structure and operation principle of the equipment. After the failure of the equipment occurs, they should first check the error information, combine the fault phenomenon and maintenance manual, clear their thoughts and carefully analyze the possible causes of the failure, and adopt the method of step-by-step elimination, principle analysis and exchange of the same principle. After replacing the chip tantalum capacitor and sumitomo cold head of the same model, the equipment resumed normal operation. As a clinical engineer, regular equipment inspection and preventive maintenance should be done for large equipment, which is conducive to reducing the equipment failure rate.

Intercity Rail Maintainability Analysis: A Case Study on Rolling Stock Maintenance Compliance

Compliance to organizational standard is essential for maintaining high work performance within the appropriate timescale which can result in reduction of maintenance expenses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the compliance level of preventive maintenance activities based on job frequency and its working hours. Historical data of preventive maintenance from 2019 -2020 obtained from a field study at Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) Depot Batu Gajah, Perak, was analyzed to investigate the frequency, manhours, and the cost involved for each type of preventive maintenance activities namely Exam A, B C and D involving ETS Class 91. The examination concerning manhours compliance was conducted in accordance with the organization's standard, as specified in the KTMB Operation and Maintenance manual based on the highest duration of maintenance and labors. From the results, Exam A contributed to the highest non-compliance practice compared to the other Exam where the highest non-compliance percentage (32%) was recorded in 2020 which results in losses of RM RM2,552.82. This study is beneficial for the organization as it determines irregular downtime and manhours compliance for rolling stock system maintenance to shape for a better future maintenance plan that will results in efficient operation and higher revenue.

Research on modeling and simulation of GIS disconnector based on visualization technology

This paper takes the GIS disconnector of a pumped-storage power station in Henan province as the prototype. Based on the visualization technology, the equipment maintenance manual and the physical structure, this paper chooses 3ds Max software to build three-dimensional models with the combination of simple modeling and polygon modeling. It reproduces the internal structure and running principle of the 500kV GIS disconnector. After the modle’ s format is converted to .fbx, it is imported into the Unity 3D software, and the model is optimized by making animations, UI controls, script development, etc., so as to develop the module functions of the system. It realizes equipment learning, operation drills, fault simulation, simulated assessment and other functions, which aims to design a visible GIS disconnector’s simulated system. It can be applied to the pre-job training of power station, and the teaching of electric related majors in universities.

Improvement of aircraft maintenance manual (AMM) for Cessna 172

PurposeThis study aims to bring a new approach to the existing structure of Cessna 172 type Aircraft Maintenance Manuals (AMM), operational safety, suitability for maintenance operations and human factors. The purpose of this study is to maintain maintenance operations more safely and effectively.Design/methodology/approachThis study tried to develop an approach by using focus group interview and individual interview techniques. At all stages of the study, interviews were made and support was received from the maintenance technicians, technical instructors and students from the aviation industry stakeholders.FindingsAccording to the answers given by the participants, the new approach could have a positive effect on operational safety (98.71%), could have a positive effect on human performance (95.72%) it is understandable (93.16%), it is proper for maintenance operations (88.74%) with high potential to convert into practice (85.92%) and a high potential for future applications (97.06%).Practical implicationsIt can be used in aviation organizations that operate AMM Cessna 172 type aircraft, created with the new approach, in maintenance aircraft maintenance enterprises and maintenance training institutions. Thanks to this approach, aircraft maintenance technicians will be able to perform safely and more effective maintenance activities.Originality/valueContrary to the technologies used by organizations that host wide-body aircraft in their fleets, it requires less cost and less workload to create, use and update. Low-cost airline organizations and maintenance training institutions will also be able to achieve this approach.

Guidance And Assistance In Repair Of Centrifuge Laboratory Equipment Based On Standards Of Centrifuge Motor Speed Data In Turi Health Centre, Lamongan Regency, East Java

One of the equipment in the Turi Health Center laboratory is a Centrifuge. The problem at the Turi Health Center with the centrifuge is that this centrifuge has a large usage load of 8-10 hours per day, without having electromedical personnel. In this Centrifuge, it is often found that the cleanliness of the tools is not good, the placement of the tools is inadequate, the electrical installation network is not standard (Grounding) and the maintenance and maintenance is lacking, there is no regular calibration so there is no certainty of the accuracy of the results obtained. As a result of the impact obtained is a tool that is not suitable for use, the tool is quickly damaged which can harm the diagnosis of patients. Community Service Activities with the implementation team from Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya working together as partners in this activity aims to carry out repairs according to Centrifuge standards and provide knowledge and skills about simple maintenance and repairs on Centrifuges Correctly. The first stage in providing solutions to problems faced by the Turi Health Center is to conduct a study through Focus Group Discuss (FGD). The second stage is compiling a user manual. The third stage is the implementation of mentoring and counseling on centrifuge repair using a maintenance and repair manual. And the fourth stage is the implementation of centrifuge repair by providing opportunities for laboratory personnel, Medical and non-medical personnel to be able to independently carry out simple repairs and to know important indicators in the event of damage. The output target of the community service carried out is a simple repair guide book for centrifuge equipment so that later laboratory equipment at the Turi Health Center, especially the Centrifuge, can work according to the Centrifuge Motor Speed Standard.

Support in the Control of the Maintenance Record of the Installations of the System for the Prevention of Corrosion

The project is to perform support work in monitoring the implementation of the operational reliability model of the facilities. Currently has a maintenance manual, which attached to the established guidelines, determines what activities, describes the area where we must work, that schedule time in which to perform and preset length of each. All this must be followed for proper operation. Moreover, having tracked to maintain a Quality Management System helps to increase the competitiveness of any organization whether public or private at the international level through continuous improvement of productivity. System requirements for quality management have been developed specifically to be applicable to any type of generic product.

THE INFLUENCE OF KNOWLEDGE AND PERSUASION IN BIM-FM INTEGRATION AT THE EARLY PHASE OF A BIM PROJECT

Traditionally, Facility Managers (FM) have often been handed over large numbers of files (hard and soft copies) consisting of among others drawings, specifications, operation and maintenance manuals together with product data sheets in order for them to carry out their tasks in managing facilities. This practice may indicate that information exchange between the AEC and FM phases is still fragmented. The FM phase of the construction project life cycle remains the most disconnected from the rest of the cycle. Therefore, the integration of FM at the early phase of BIM project is expected to fully engage BIM technology and bring potential significant value to assets and estates. This paper is part of a research that aims to identify the influence of knowledge and persuasion on deciding whether to adopt or reject BIM-FM integration at the early phase of BIM. Rogers' Theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DoI) has been applied to support the formation of the conceptual framework. Connecting the organisational characteristics associated with adoption innovation literature with the factors influencing the integration process (innovation characteristics, adopter characteristics, internal and external environment characteristics) brings interesting research potential that is not commonly investigated. This paper aims to have a relatively comprehensive view of the factors that can influence the adoption or rejection of BIM-FM integration at the early stage of the decision phase.

Transport category airplane flight range calculation accounting center-of-gravity position shift and engine throttling characteristics

A problem facing world commercial aviation is a provision of the flight range and an increase in the fuel efficiency of transport category airplanes using fuel trim transfer application, which allows for decreasing airplane trim drag at cruise flight. In the existing mathematical models, center-of-gravity position is usually assumed fixed, but with fuel usage, center-of-gravity shifts within the definite range of center-of-gravity positions. Until the fuel trim transfer was not used in airplanes, the center-of-gravity shift range was rather short, that allowed to use the specified assumption without any considerable mistakes. In case of fuel trim transfer use, center-of-gravity shifts can reach 15…20 % of mean aerodynamic chord, that requires considering the center-of-gravity actual position during the flight range calculation. Early made estimated calculations showed the necessity of following mathematical model improvement using accounting the real engine throttling characteristics. The goal of this publication is to develop a method of flight range calculation taking transport category airplane into account actual center-of-gravity position with fuel using and variation in engine-specific fuel consumption according to their throttling characteristics. On the basis of real data from engine maintenance manuals, formulas are obtained for approximation throttling characteristics of turbofan engines in the form of dimensionless specific fuel consumption (related to the specific fuel consumption at full thrust) dependence on the engine throttling coefficient. A mathematical model (algorithm and its program implementation using С language in Power Unit 11.7 R03 system) has been developed to calculate the airplane flight range accounting its actual center-of-gravity position shift with fuel usage and variation in specific fuel consumption according to engine throttling characteristics. Using comparison with known payload-range diagram, adequacy of developed mathematical model is shown. Recommendations to improve the mathematical model are also given.