Main Types Of Interactions Research Articles

Faculty peer-to-peer learning and support online during difficult times: Main types of interactions and engagement during structured faculty conversations

The Faculty Conversation Series at North Carolina State University, offered by the Office for Faculty Excellence, is a virtual option to connect faculty across campus to discuss topics immediately relevant to the unique teaching needs that we are currently experiencing, ranging from technical aspects of teaching online to mental health needs of faculty and students. The purpose is to engage faculty in discovery and discussions that will be helpful to their teaching practice. To this end, we provide the attendees with reading materials, invite a subject matter expert, and facilitate a confidential conversation among interested faculty members in a secure online learning environment. In this article, we discuss the outcomes of the first year of this program, both qualitatively and quantitatively, including a content analysis of written faculty comments collected during the sessions, as well as best practices to organize similar meetings and to facilitate this kind of inclusive faculty engagement.

A β-Primeverosidase-like Enzyme in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] Hypocotyls: Specificity toward 1-Octen-3-yl and 3-Octanyl β-Primeverosides.

A novel β-primeverosidase-like enzyme, originating from the hypocotyl of soybeans, was isolated and characterized. This enzyme, with an estimated molecular weight of 44 kDa, was identified as a monomer and exhibited peak activity at 55 °C and pH 5.5. It demonstrated a specific and efficient hydrolysis of 1-octen-3-yl β-primeveroside (1-octen-3-yl prim) and 3-octanyl β-primeveroside (3-octanyl prim) but did not act on glucopyranosides. Mn2+ significantly enhanced its activity, while Zn2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ exerted inhibitory effects. Kinetic analysis revealed a higher hydrolytic capacity toward 1-octen-3-yl prim. Partial amino acid sequences were determined and the N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined to be AIVAYAL ALSKRAIAAQ. The binding energy and binding free energy between the β-primeverosidase enzyme and its substrates were observed to be higher than that of β-glucosidase, thus validating its superior hydrolysis efficiency. Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were the main types of interactions between β-primeverosidase enzyme and 1-octen-3-yl prim and 3-octanyl prim, involving amino acid residues such as GLU-470, TRP-463, GLU-416, TRP-471, GLN-53, and GLN-477 (hydrogen bonds) and PHE-389, TYR-345, LEU-216, and TYR-275 (hydrophobic interactions). This study contributes to the application of a β-primeverosidase-like enzyme in improving the release efficiency of glycosidically conjugated flavor substances.

Patterns of the Formation of Mobile Localized Magnetic Configurations and Technology for Manufacturing Structures for the Implementation of Magnetic Memory Elements

Based on computer simulation and the analysis of technological, experimental, and theoretical results, the technological requirements for the formation of electronic devices based on magnetic vortices and skyrmions are formulated. The main types of interactions determined by technological factors are deter-mined. The design features of electronic devices based on magnetic vortices and skyrmions are studied. Various technological approaches to the fabrication of structures with different magnetic anisotropy properties are studied.

Design of two different functional molecular logic devices based on hybrid fluorescence resonance­electron exchange energy transfer

Faster and more convenient construction of different functional multi-input–multi-output molecular logic devices has become a current research hotspot. In this study, a complex was synthesized using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hydrazide dihydroxydisalicylaldehyde by a combinatorial approach. Then, the interaction mechanism was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular simulation. Both methods revealed that the interaction between BSA and hydrazide dihydroxydisalicylaldehyde mainly occurred at site I of BSA. The main types of interactions included hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Based on hybridized fluorescence resonance and electron exchange energy transfer, the complex generated two fluorescence emission peaks. Then, a digital comparator and a molecular logic circuit were designed using different metal ions or pH to modulate the output signals. Notably, the apparent increase in the fluorescence lifetime of the donor serves as an important basis for electron exchange between the donor and the acceptor.

Переживание социального исключения: разработка и апробация опросника

<p>Objective. The aim of the study is to develop and test a scale that would measure the volume and intensity of social exclusion experience in interpersonal relationships in a dyad and a small group.Background. In modern highly competitive social environments, interpersonal interactions include a significant number of practices of social exclusion. However, to date, there is no domestic scale that would measure the individual (reflected) experience and its intensity.Study design. The study was carried out using a socio-psychological survey.Participants. In total, 468 people took part in the study: at the first stage — 116 people (average age 23,5), at the second stage — 352 people (average age 21,45).Measurements. The survey scale “Experiencing social exclusion (ESE)” was developed and validated, consisting of three subscales: “Experiencing school bullying”, “Experiencing rejection in a dyad”, “Experiencing exclusion from status figures”.Results. Consistent and retest reliability and validity of the method have been proven. The main types of interactions in which a person gets the experience of social exclusion, the volume and intensity of his experience have been determined.Conclusions. The scale can be used both for research and for applied purposes.</p>

A Study of Methylene Blue Dye Interaction and Adsorption by Monolayer Graphene Oxide

The graphene oxide (GO) interaction with methylene blue (MB) cationic dye was studied in an aqueous solution at different pH during MB adsorption. The mutual interaction of MB with GO surface was studied and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The π- π and electrostatic interaction of MB with GO surface are the main types of interactions, and the XRD data show the monomeric arrangement of MB cation with GO. The GO surface functional groups and point of zero charge (PZC) were determined by acid-base titration. Suitability of zeta-potential measurement and acid-base titration method was briefly discussed. The quality of prepared GO was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and atomic force microscope (AFM). The experimental adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The GO maximum adsorption capacity increases with higher pH, that is ascribed to the facile interaction of negatively charged GO with positively charged MB structure.

The Lotka-Volterra models with non-local reaction terms

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper we consider a diffusive Lotka-Volterra system including nonlocal terms in the reaction functions. We analyze the main types of interactions between species: competition, predator-prey and cooperation. We provide existence and non-existence of positive solutions results. For that, we employ mainly bifurcation method and a priori bounds.</p>

Alcohol as a risk factor for drug-induced diseases

Administration of a rational and safe drug therapy is one of the most challenging issues for healthcare professionals. The frequency of hospitalizations due to the adverse drug reactions in the years 2000 — 2015 was estimated at 6.3 (3.3—11.0 %) for developed countries and 5.5 % (1.1—16.9 %) for developing countries. It is known that alcohol intake is a risk factor for many socially significant diseases, including arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, etc., however, many doctors pay insufficient attention to the fact that many drugs, for example, beta-blockers, antidepressants, bezodisepines, calcium antagonists, can interact with alcohol when consumed simultaneously and, thus, increase the risks of adverse drug reactions. There are 2 main types of interactions between alcohol and drugs: pharmacokinetic (at the stage of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination) and pharmacodynamic (at the stage of effects and receptors). For example: the simultaneous intake of alcohol and paracetamol leads to the formation of toxic metabolites due to the induction of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes by alcohol. Another example is decrease in presystemic elimination and stimulation of the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants; an increase in the elimination of imipramine and desipramine in patients with chronic alcoholism after detoxification therapy, and so on. In this article, the authors analyzed and systematized data from open literature sources in order to inform health care professionals about the possible risks associated with the interaction of alcohol and drugs and various pharmacological groups.

THE LEVELS OF INTER-SUBJECT EDUCATIONAL INTERACTIONS AND THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

The article examines the main types of interactions depending on the leading activity types at different ontogenetic stages, which cause the corresponding new mental formations and determine effective socialization as a whole. It is argued that the leading activities, age-related developmental crises and new mental formations are mainly determined by different levels of interactions, as specific ways of contacts with the environment (natural and cultural) and tools of an individual’s self-development. In particular, the author examines psychologically interpersonal interactions at different stages of psychosocial development: 1) at infancy (an infant’s direct emotional interactions with an adult); 2) at the early age (interactions with the external environment as subject-manipulative activities); 3) at the preschool age (game interactions in a plot-role form); 4) at the primary school age (educational interactions); 5) at adolescence (intimate and confidential peer communications); 6) at the young adult age (educational and professional interactions); 7) at the maturity (co-creation in professional interactions with colleagues); 8) at the late maturity (dialogue of generations as a transfer of one's own life-cultural experiences). The author proposes a criteria to differentiate interaction levels at various life stages of personality formation: 0) micro-level (“an individual and the virtual world”); 1) meso-level (“an individual and the material sphere”); 2) exo-level (“an individual and symbols”); 3) macro-level (“an individual and society”); 4) mega-level (“an individual and their own inner world”); 5) meta-level (“an individual and the Universe). This classification corresponds to the levels of an interacting subject’s development (a human being, an individum, a personality, individuality, the universe), the essential features of these levels are presented in the author’s original interpretation. In particular, the motives actualized at each levels are scientifically reasoned and differentiated by the criteria, the prevailing context (biological, statistical, sociological, psychological, spiritual) is outlined and examples of interactions appearing during training sessions and clarifying different levels are given. It is noteworthy that the proposed classification of the interaction levels harmonizes sufficiently with communication levels proposed by A.B. Dobrovich and the corresponding subjective manifestations of personality, namely: 1) a relative (initial) subject (primitive communication); 2) mono-subject (manipulative communication); 3) poly-subject (standardized and conventional levels); 4) meta-subject (game level); 5) absolute subject (business and spiritual levels).

Substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo-(triazino-)[c]quinazolines - a promising class of lipoxygenase inhibitors

The modern strategy of potential biologically active molecules search (“drug-design”) is based on several innovation approaches. The method of high thrоughрut biological screening and method of molecular modeling deserves the most attention among such approaches. Lipoxygenase (LOX) is one owf the most perspective biological target for the substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo-(triazino-)[c]quinazolines. So, molecular docking towards LOX and enzyme activating activity was investigated.The aim: Directed search of potential inhibitors of lipoxygenases among the unknown pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo-(triazino-)[c]quinazolines with the use of molecular docking and in vitro high throughput screening.Materials and methods. The research of lipoxygenase activity has been conducted for a number of original pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo-(triazino-)[c]quinazolines. Standard software was used for molecular docking and “drug-like” criteria research. Sodium letinate was used as a substrate to study soybean LOX enzyme activating activity.Results. The results of molecular docking have shown, that substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines reveal a strong affinity toward LOX. The main types of interactions with aminoacid residues of mentioned the enzyme were identified. The conducted researches showed, that the substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolines had the highest soybean LOX inhibition activity. Compounds with a fluorine atom and a 2-thienyl moiety in the structure revealed the highest activity inhibiting lipoxygenase by 36.33 % and 39.83 % respectively. The increased lipophilicity of triazine derivatives promotes a higher ability to inhibit soybean LOX, whereas, for triazole derivatives, which have lower molecular weight, an inverse relation is observed.Conclusions. The research of the substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo-(triazino-)[c]quinazolines inhibition ability of soybean LOX as one of the possible mechanisms of their activity is proved and conducted. It is shown, that their lipoxygenase activity depends on lipophilicity and is defined by the availability of donor-acceptor fragments in the molecule, that is capable to form hydrogen and other types of interaction. The specified results are strong arguments for their further study as promising anti-inflammatory agents.

Massive in Silico Study of Noble Gas Binding to the Structural Proteome.

Noble gases are chemically inert, and it was therefore thought they would have little effect on biology. Paradoxically, it was found that they do exhibit a wide range of biological effects, many of which are target-specific and potentially useful and some of which have been demonstrated in vivo. The underlying mechanisms by which useful pharmacology, such as tissue and neuroprotection, anti-addiction effects, and analgesia, is elicited are relatively unexplored. Experiments to probe the interactions of noble gases with specific proteins are more difficult with gases than those with other chemicals. It is clearly impractical to conduct the large number of gas-protein experiments required to gain a complete picture of noble gas biology. Given the simplicity of atoms as ligands, in silico methods provide an opportunity to gain insight into which noble gas-protein interactions are worthy of further experimental or advanced computational investigation. Our previous validation studies showed that in silico methods can accurately predict experimentally determined noble gas binding sites in X-ray structures of proteins. Here, we summarize the largest reported in silico reverse docking study involving 127 854 protein structures and the five nonradioactive noble gases. We describe how these computational screening methods are implemented, summarize the main types of interactions that occur between noble gases and target proteins, describe how the massive data set that this study generated can be analyzed (freely available at group18.csiro.au), and provide the NDMA receptor as an example of how these data can be used to understand the molecular pharmacology underlying the biology of the noble gases. We encourage chemical biologists to access the data and use them to expand the knowledge base of noble gas pharmacology, and to use this information, together with more efficient delivery systems, to develop "atomic drugs" that can fully exploit their considerable and relatively unexplored potential in medicine.

Proteostasis in Viral Infection: Unfolding the Complex Virus-Chaperone Interplay.

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that rely on their hosts for protein synthesis, genome replication, and viral particle production. As such, they have evolved mechanisms to divert host resources, including molecular chaperones, facilitate folding and assembly of viral proteins, stabilize complex structures under constant mutational pressure, and modulate signaling pathways to dampen antiviral responses and prevent premature host death. Biogenesis of viral proteins often presents unique challenges to the proteostasis network, as it requires the rapid and orchestrated production of high levels of a limited number of multifunctional, multidomain, and aggregation-prone proteins. To overcome such challenges, viruses interact with the folding machinery not only as clients but also as regulators of chaperone expression, function, and subcellular localization. In this review, we summarize the main types of interactions between viral proteins and chaperones during infection, examine evolutionary aspects of this relationship, and discuss the potential of using chaperone inhibitors as broad-spectrum antivirals.

Quantitative trait loci for resistance to Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout: effect of the mode of infection and evidence of epistatic interactions

BackgroundBacterial cold-water disease, which is caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum, is one of the major diseases that affect rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a primary concern for trout farming. Better knowledge of the genetic basis of resistance to F. psychrophilum would help to implement this trait in selection schemes and to investigate the immune mechanisms associated with resistance. Various studies have revealed that skin and mucus may contribute to response to infection. However, previous quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies were conducted by using injection as the route of infection. Immersion challenge, which is assumed to mimic natural infection by F. psychrophilum more closely, may reveal different defence mechanisms.ResultsTwo isogenic lines of rainbow trout with contrasting susceptibilities to F. psychrophilum were crossed to produce doubled haploid F2 progeny. Fish were infected with F. psychrophilum either by intramuscular injection (115 individuals) or by immersion (195 individuals), and genotyped for 9654 markers using RAD-sequencing. Fifteen QTL associated with resistance traits were detected and only three QTL were common between the injection and immersion. Using a model that accounted for epistatic interactions between QTL, two main types of interactions were revealed. A “compensation-like” effect was detected between several pairs of QTL for the two modes of infection. An “enhancing-like” interaction effect was detected between four pairs of QTL. Integration of the QTL results with results of a previous transcriptomic analysis of response to F. psychrophilum infection resulted in a list of potential candidate immune genes that belong to four relevant functional categories (bacterial sensors, effectors of antibacterial immunity, inflammatory factors and interferon-stimulated genes).ConclusionsThese results provide new insights into the genetic determinism of rainbow trout resistance to F. psychrophilum and confirm that some QTL with large effects are involved in this trait. For the first time, the role of epistatic interactions between resistance-associated QTL was evidenced. We found that the infection protocol used had an effect on the modulation of defence mechanisms and also identified relevant immune functional candidate genes.

Physicochemical Processes in the Synthesis of New Detectors of X-Ray Radiation Based on YAG:Ce-Halide Fluxes

Using the data of X-ray phase analysis, optical spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy of YAG:Ce luminophores, the main types of interactions in complex systems formed by a light-emitting diode luminophore and halide fluxing agents are determined, which cause intense luminescence in the ultraviolet region.

Goal setting dynamics that facilitate or impede a client-centered approach

Background: Client-centred goal setting is central to the process of enabling occupation. Yet, there are multiple barriers to incorporating client-centred goal setting in practice. We sought to determine what might facilitate or impede the formation of client-centred goals in a context highly supportive of client-centred goal settingMethods: We used conversational analysis to examine goal-setting conversations that took place during a pilot trial of Occupational Performance Coaching for stroke survivors. Twelve goal-setting sessions were purposively selected, transcribed, and analyzed according to conventions for conversation analysis.Results: Two main types of interactions were observed: introductory actions and goal selection actions. Introductory actions set the context for goal setting and involved sharing information and seeking clarification related to goal requirements and clients’ occupational performance competencies. Goal selection actions were a series of interactions whereby the goals were explored, endorsed or dropped.Conclusion: Client-centred occupational performance goals may be facilitated through placing goal-setting in the context of life changes and lifelong development of goals, and through listening to clients’ stories. Therapists may improve consistency in adoption of client-suggested goals through clarifying meaning attached to goals and being attuned to power dynamics and underlying values and beliefs around risk and goal attainability.

A laboratory investigation of fracture propagation induced by supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing in continental shale with interbeds

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) used as a fracturing fluid in the shale fracturing stimulation is a promising technology as it can save much water and have some particular properties, such as low surface tension, large diffusion coefficient, strong permeable ability and adsorption capacity in shale. In previous studies, SC-CO2 fracturing presents great advantages in marine shale, granite and tuff. In this work, continental shale with interbeds from the Ordos Basin, China was used to conduct SC-CO2 fracturing experiments under the different stress conditions. Based on the observation of visible fractures before and after experiments, the fractures on the surface mainly propagate along natural fractures, bedding planes and interbeds, where crossing beddings and interbeds can also be observed. Besides, according to visualization and quantification of the main fractures and the main fracture surfaces by electronic microscope and three-dimensional scanner, with the increase in the stress difference, the main fracture can easily cross shale beddings and interbeds, and partial vertical fractures are formed, so tortuosity of the main fracture and roughness of the main fracture surface tend to increase. Furthermore, four main types of interactions between the main fracture and the fracture branch are obtained and the number of the fracture branches induced by the SC-CO2 fracturing is generally larger than that induced by the water fracturing. Meanwhile, compared with the water fracturing, it is implied that the breakdown pressure of SC-CO2 is generally lower, and its tortuosity of the main fracture and roughness of the main fracture surface tend to be higher under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, more curved and wavelike fractures with more branches can be generated in the continental shale SC-CO2 fracturing.

Where is Difference? Processes of Mathematical Remediation through a Constructivist Lens

In this study, we challenge the deficit perspective on mathematical knowing and learning for children labeled as LD, focusing on their struggles not as a within student attribute, but rather as within teacher-learner interactions. We present two cases of fifth-grade students labeled LD as they interacted with a researcher-teacher during two constructivist-oriented teaching experiments designed to foster a concept of unit fraction. Data analysis revealed three main types of interactions, and how they changed over time, which seemed to support the students’ learning: Assess, Cause and Effect Reflection, and Comparison/Prediction Reflection. We thus argue for an intervention in interaction that occurs in the instructional process for students with LD, which should replace attempts to “fix” ‘deficiencies’ that we claim to contribute to disabling such students.

Application of simultaneous multiple response optimization in the preparation of thermosensitive chitosan/glycerophosphate hydrogels

The parameters affecting the sol/gel transition of chitosan-based thermogelling systems, their final properties and structure have been reported. Nevertheless, equations that define this relationship specific for a particular case have not been developed. The aim of this study was to develop these equations for a general formulation without drugs, so they could be used in the preparation of different drug delivery systems. First, a factorial design was built to evaluate the main factors affecting the pH of a gel-forming solution, gelling time at ambient temperature and 37.5 °C and residual mass after exposure to a buffer solution. The analyzed independent factors were: chitosan concentration, β-glycerophosphate concentration, mixing temperature and mixing time. Mixing time was the only factor whose effect on the responses was not significant; the other three factors were considered for the optimization study. Then, a central composite design based on response surface methodology was carried out to develop statistical models which describe the relationship between active independent factors and the studied responses. The optimized gel was prepared and characterized. FTIR experiments showed that hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction were the main types of interactions following sol-to-gel transition. The most important finding of this investigation was that the resulting equations could be used to prepare gel-forming solutions with the desired pH, gelling time and residual mass. The significance of these equations was considered in their potential use to design hydrogels intended for controlled drug delivery.

New highly fluorinated polymers: Modifiers of chromatographic and electrophoretic systems

A set of four highly fluorinated copolymers that differ from each other in the length of perfluorinated pendants to the fluorine-containing polymer backbone chain, charge, and acid–base functions of terminal groups (sulfonate, carboxylate, sulfamide, and N,N-diethylcarbamide) is obtained for the first time. Packed columns for gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) are prepared on the basis of synthesized fluoropolymers as stationary phases. Evaluation of main types of interactions between fluoropolymers and analytes of different nature and relative polarity of phases obtained is performed using McReynolds constants and Kovats retention indices. It is found that, under the conditions of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), the influence of fluoropolymer as a component of supporting electrolyte on the increase in the efficiency (by two to three times) and separation selectivity of neutral analytes (steroid hormones) is due to two reasons: modification of walls of quartz capillary by the polymer and formation of a pseudostationary phase. Under the conditions of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) the introduction of highly fluorinated polymers into eluent composition results in the increase in the efficiency by two to four times in the determination of amino acids and water-soluble vitamins.

Mammalian sperm interactions with the female reproductive tract.

The mammalian female reproductive tract interacts with sperm in various ways in order to facilitate sperm migration to the egg while impeding migrations of pathogens into the tract, to keep sperm alive during the time between mating and ovulation, and to select the fittest sperm for fertilization. The two main types of interactions are physical and molecular. Physical interactions include the swimming responses of sperm to the microarchitecture of walls, to fluid flows, and to fluid viscoelasticity. When sperm encounter walls, they have a strong tendency to remain swimming along them. Sperm will also orient their swimming into gentle fluid flows. The female tract seems to use these tendencies of sperm to guide them to the site of fertilization. When sperm hyperactivate, they are better able to penetrate highly viscoelastic media, such as the cumulus matrix surrounding eggs. Molecular interactions include communications of sperm surface molecules with receptors on the epithelial lining of the tract. There is evidence that specific sperm surface molecules are required to enable sperm to pass through the uterotubal junction into the oviduct. When sperm reach the oviduct, most bind to the oviductal epithelium. This interaction holds sperm in a storage reservoir until ovulation and serves to maintain the fertilization competence of stored sperm. When sperm are released from the reservoir, they detach from and re-attach to the epithelium repeatedly while ascending to the site of fertilization. We are only beginning to understand the communications that may pass between sperm and epithelium during these interactions.