New highly fluorinated polymers: Modifiers of chromatographic and electrophoretic systems

Abstract

A set of four highly fluorinated copolymers that differ from each other in the length of perfluorinated pendants to the fluorine-containing polymer backbone chain, charge, and acid–base functions of terminal groups (sulfonate, carboxylate, sulfamide, and N,N-diethylcarbamide) is obtained for the first time. Packed columns for gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) are prepared on the basis of synthesized fluoropolymers as stationary phases. Evaluation of main types of interactions between fluoropolymers and analytes of different nature and relative polarity of phases obtained is performed using McReynolds constants and Kovats retention indices. It is found that, under the conditions of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), the influence of fluoropolymer as a component of supporting electrolyte on the increase in the efficiency (by two to three times) and separation selectivity of neutral analytes (steroid hormones) is due to two reasons: modification of walls of quartz capillary by the polymer and formation of a pseudostationary phase. Under the conditions of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) the introduction of highly fluorinated polymers into eluent composition results in the increase in the efficiency by two to four times in the determination of amino acids and water-soluble vitamins.