Main Text Research Articles

Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K7 of the air-kerma standards of the BFKH, Hungary, and the BIPM in mammography x-rays

Main textA key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the BFKH, Hungary, and the BIPM in mammography x-ray beams. The results show the standards to agree at the level of the expanded uncertainty of the comparison of 9.2 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

CCM.G-K2.2023: CIPM key comparison of absolute gravimeters

Main textThe Key Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters, CCM.G-K2.2023, was conducted at the Table Mountain Geophysical Observatory (TMGO) near Boulder, Colorado between 21 August and 29 September, 2023. Dr. David Newell of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, served as the Pilot Laboratory representative, while Dr. Derek van Westrum of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey (NOAA-NGS), Boulder, Colorado, served as the site host and coordinator. The comparison was organized in accordance with the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) document CIPM MRA-G-11 of the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) and is registered with the CIPM as CCM.G-K2.2023. Fifteen National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) or Designated Institutes (DIs) participated, with a total of 30 absolute gravimeters from 27 institutes, including 2 atom gravimeters. Since all the contributions of absolute gravity data were consistent within the 95% confidence level of applied consistency tests, no data were omitted in the final analysis. The standard deviation of the gravimeters' degrees of equivalence (DoEs) for CCM.G-K2.2023 is less than 1.3 µGal, indicating excellent agreement among the gravimeters.In this report, the gal (symbol: Gal) is a non-SI unit of acceleration employed in geodesy and geophysics to express acceleration due to gravity, where 1 Gal = 1 cm s-2 (1 µGal = 10-8 m s-2).To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

CCQM-K160: platinum group elements in automotive catalyst

Main textThe platinum group elements (PGEs) play an important role in reducing emissions from automotive vehicles through their use in catalytic convertors but also for catalysis in the pharmaceutical industry. The immense economic value of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) highlights the importance of highly accurate measurements. Therefore, there is a need for National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) to demonstrate measurement capability in this space.A pilot comparison (CCQM-P63) for precious metals in automotive catalyst took place in 2006, but with a limited number of institutes participating. Furthermore, this study was performed over 17 years ago. Therefore, there was a need to maintain existing capability and demonstrate new capability in a key comparison, in order to claim calibration and measurement capability claims (CMCs). With the core capability matrix, this study falls into the "Difficult to dissolve metals/metal oxides" which will support CMC categories 8 (Metal and metal alloys), 9 (Advanced materials) and 14 (Other materials).Eleven NMIs and DIs participated in the Key Comparison CCQM-K160 Platinum Group Elements in Automotive Catalyst. Participants were requested to evaluate the mass fractions of Pt, Pd and Rh in mg/kg in an unused autocatalyst material (cordierite ceramic base). The Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) and Degrees of Equivalence (DoEs) were calculated utilising the NIST Decision Tree for the measurands. The participants utilised a number of sample preparation and analytical methods including hot plate digestion, microwave digestion and sodium fusion, followed by either atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection. Several calibration techniques were used, namely external calibration, standard addition, isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and an exact matching procedure. Additionally, one participant employed instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) with k0 standardisation which is a direct solid analysis method. The majority of participants claimed traceability to NIST primary calibrants or their own CRMs. Furthermore, several matrix CRMs were included or spiked samples for quality control. All institutes were required to determine the dry mass fraction using the stipulated protocol.The NIST decision tree was implemented for the calculation of the KCRVs and DoEs. The participant results overall showed good agreement with the KCRV, despite the variety of dissolution procedures and measurement techniques for this highly complex matrix and challenging measurands. Successful participation in CCQM-K160 demonstrated measurement capabilities for the determination of mass fraction of Pt, Pd and Rh in the mg/kg range and will support broad scope CMC claims for a wide range of challenging matrices.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

회전근개 석회화 건염의 한의 치료에 대한 국내외 임상 동향 분석

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate trends in domestic and international clinical approaches to the Korean medicine treatment of rotator cuff calcific tendinitis and to suggest future research directions.
 Methods : We utilized nine electronic databases to identify domestic and interna- tional studies on Korean medicine treatment for rotator cuff calcific tendinitis. By ana- lyzing the title, abstract, and main text, studies concerning Korean medicine treat- ment of rotator cuff tendinitis were included.
 Results : Among the searched for studies, fourteen studies met our criteria. Eight of these were case reports and six were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Across the studies, five treatment methods were employed, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, physical therapy, cupping therapy, and moxibustion. Acupuncture, used in all fourteen studies, was the most frequently utilized intervention. Thirteen evaluation tools were used to measure the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment, and all studies reported positive outcomes.
 Conclusions : We identified current trends in clinical approaches of Korean medicine treatment for rotator cuff calcific tendinitis and assessed the effectiveness of such treatment. However, further studies are warranted to establish a basis for Korean medicine treatment for rotator cuff calcific tendinitis.

항주(杭州) 서호(西湖)와 지역문학 교육

The aim of this paper is to probe into the cultural consciousness and identity of the Chinese people through one of China’s most emblematic humanistic landscapes, Hangzhou’s West Lake. Additionally, it aims to broaden the scope of Chinese classical literature education by introducing cultural content-based educational approaches centered around the poetry of West Lake. The main text initially presents a variety of literary works associated with West Lake, serving as valuable textual resources. These include poetry depicting the Ten Scenes of West Lake, compositions by renowned poets, and literary creations by female writers. Furthermore, the paper proposes two educational approaches for teaching regional culture and literary texts related to West Lake: employing storytelling as an educational method and incorporating cultural content creation into the curriculum.

Translator’s Notes in a Russian Translation of Olga Tokarczuk’s Bieguni Novel

The article addresses the issue of translator’s notes in a Russian translation of Olga Tokarczuk’s “Bieguni” novel by Irina Adelʹgejm. The main text of the original, despite its abundance in borrowings, interjections and quotations in languages other than Polish, was not provided with explanatory notes by the author. The translator, however, provided the translation with 149 notes. They are notesexplaining terms, proper names, names of realities and others translated in the main text as well as notes explaining fragments formulated in the novel’s text in languages other than the language of the narration. On the basis of the undertaken analysis it is stated that the strategy of forming paratexts adopted by the translator is inconsistent. The secondary text designates an additional way of reading “Bieguni” novel, but it does not impose it as using the notes is just a possibility and depends on the reader’s choice.

Nanoencapsulation of Curcumin compounds from Curcuma plants (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) as an anticoagulant therapy in Covid-19 patients

Introduction: The COVID-19 is brought about by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2). This pandemic has become a problem in various parts of the world due to the increasing number of positive COVID-19 cases. Severe COVID-19 patients often experience coagulopathy such as thrombosis and venous thromboembolism, which are associated with increased mortality. COVID-19 patients who have coagulopathy have increased D-dimer concentrations, prolonged prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), increased fibrinogen, and thrombocytopenia. The objective of this study is to find an alternative solution for COVID-19 patients who have coagulopathy using the literature review method by searching the data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical reports by analyzing the potential of the curcumin compound from ginger as an anticoagulant therapy in Covid-19 patients through its thrombosis, platelet, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Main Text. The nanoencapsulation of curcumin from Curcuma plants (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) can be an alternative prophylactic anticoagulant for COVID-19 patients. This research uses a qualitative method of conceptual analysis, where the focus of the research is based on pre-existing concepts, which are then understood and developed so that they can be described clearly and can be implemented in the field. The result is curcumin can inhibit the pathways of blood coagulation, so it could be the key to reducing mortality. Conclusion: Nanoencapsulation has proven to be suitable for alternative application in COVID-19 patients considering bioavailability, effectiveness, and minimum side effects.

The Ideological Evolution of the Tunisian Islamist Movement Ḥarakat al-Nahḍa

Abstract This essay reconstructs and analyses the ideological evolution of Ennahda, from its beginnings in the mid-1960s to 1987, when the movement adopted an official document about its “Ideological vision” (al-Ruʾya al-fikriyya), confirmed in 2012 as the movement’s main religious, creedal and methodological text. The history of Ennahda’s ideological evolution and the analysis of its doctrinal platform shows how the movement had rich, articulated and often conflicting ideological components, which evolved over time through a continuous internal debate and in mutual interaction with the tradition of Islamic modernism and the domestic and international cultural and political context.

Певческие рукописи Антониево-Сийского монастыря в Синодальном певческом собрании (ГИМ): палеография и штрихи к истории монастыря и монастырской библиотеки

The Synodal Singing Collection of the State Historical Museum contains a complex of singing manuscripts from the Antonievo-Siysky Monastery. Most of them date from the 17th century. It is the time when the domestic tradition of church singing was intensively transformed. In the Antonievo-Siysky Monastery, the process of changes proceeded quite actively, and the Siysky complex of manuscripts is a valuable source on the history of Russian church singing in the transitional period.All types of musical notation, known in the ancient Russian manuscript tradition of the 15th–17th centuries, are presented in the Antonievo-Siysky singing manuscripts, including double-signs (dvoznamenniky), as well as several pre-reform manuscripts with a naon edition, in which cinnabar marks modern to the main text are affixed. The complex allows us to trace how the preferences of the Siya scribes and singers in using this or that type of notation in practice changed during the 16th–18th centuries.According to the edition of the verbal text, the Siysky singing manuscripts are divided into three groups: pre-reform, transitional and post-reform. The variety of editions of the verbal text makes it possible to study the methods of work of Nikon's editors of the Printing House and their monastic followers.The repertoire of chants recorded in the Siysky manuscripts reflects the excellent knowledge of the Siya master-singers both the singing heritage of the end of the 15th–16th centuries and the creative achievements of their contemporaries from the major singing centers of that time.

Multimodal metapragmatics of German advertising discourse

The article analyzes metacommunicative utterances in German advertising discourse, which proves the possibility of integrating metapragmatics with multimodal pragmatics. Metapragmatics studies metacommunication, i. e. the organization and management of speech interaction by means of linguistics. Multimodal pragmatics focuses on the properties of linguistic units in discourse types, which are based on the combination of several sensory and communicative modes. Multimodal metacommunicative utterances use combination of several sensory and communicative modes to express meanings regarding the course of communication itself. German advertising discourse shows two types of metacommunicative utterances according to the criterion of authorship: protagonist’s and advertiser’s comments. The protagonist’s comments are about his speech act and about himself. The advertiser’s comments are about the protagonist, utilitarian information, image and product quality. Metacommunicative utterances can be placed in almost all structural parts of the advertising text: visual context, title, subtitle, main text, slogans, enter utilitarian information and be integrated into the product image or logo. Serving as a local strategy for attracting and maintaining contact with the recipient, metacommunicative utterances belong to perlocutionary intensifiers, which aim to increase their influence on him in order to achieve perlocutionary success – to encourage the recipient to buy a product or use a service. At the same time, a discursive act of metacommunicative contactive is realized, which can be explicit or implicit. The indicating devices of its explicitness are: lexemes of locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary and epistemic semantics; prepositions, pronominal adverbs and pronouns that correlate in terms of content with the previous or following utterances; graphic means of direct speech. If such indicating devices are not available, the metacommunicative utterance implements an implicit metacommunicative contactive, where the metacommunicative component of meaning is contained in the implicature. From a structural point of view, metacommunicative utterances are declarative, exclamatory, imperative and interrogative sentences, as well as parenthetical phrases.

By Miranda, Mary Hamilton, Mrs Dickenson … Self-reference in Late Modern English private correspondence

This paper is set in the late Georgian period, when letter writing became a widespread social practice and letter-writing manuals established norms of propriety and elegance of style for addressing persons of all ranks. More specifically, it turns its attention to author-oriented address with a focus on the use of personal names in self-reference expressions, as these address the recipient of the letter at the same time as they describe the status of the writer. The aim is to explore their role as a means of socially-governed linguistic practice and as an index of politeness on the positive-negative continuum, as proposed for Early Modern English correspondence.
 The study is based on a set of private letters written by Mary Hamilton (1776–1814), a well-connected figure in royal, aristocratic and literary circles. The analysis traces intra-speaker variation in the use of self-reference in the main text and in the signature, and explores sociolinguistic factors (gender) as well as notions traditionally connected with pragmatic language use (distance, relative power). The research presented here will thus contribute to the growing body of literature that considers ego-documents as representations of the self, of particular interest in the fields of historical sociolinguistics and historical sociopragmatics.

Making Sense of Hacking

I argue a useful way to conceptualise all of Hacking’s work is through his styles project. This provides us with a simple structure to organise many of Hacking’s main texts and brings into sharp relief two of his major philosophical projects. The first is to explain the stability of science. The second is metaphilosophical: to understand why scientific activity gives rise to certain philosophical difficulties, for example realism disputes. In its most ambitious form, Hacking called his project Philosophical Anthropology, and his aim was to explain how creatures like us, in a world like this have happened to alight on methods of finding out that work so well. I end with a brief discussion of how successfully he realised his goals and an even briefer comparison with two naturalist philosophers, Mark Wilson and Penelope Maddy, who share some of his interests and ambitions.

COMMUNICATIVE PARADIGM OF A LITERARY WORK: THE MEGATEXT STRUCTURE OF THE ORIGINAL AND ITS FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRANSFORM

The annotated study is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of the communicative paradigm, that is, the totality of a certain literary work and its communicative transform — a translated version in the unity of all existing megatext components. The object of the comparative study was the reference megatext, which included the main text of Y. Harari’s monograph “Sapiens. A Brief History of Humankind” and its auxiliary text messages: footnotes, comments, etc., and its communicative transform, megatextual Ukrainian version: Ю. Харарі, «Sapiens. Людина розумна. Коротка історія людства» in a combination of the main and auxiliary communicative components. The list of the latter turned out to be non-identical in the reference text and its communicative transform. The analysis highlighted the presence of two opposite tendencies of communicative transformations that appear as a result of the involvement of additional communicative figures (those of the translator and the editor of the Ukrainian edition of the work) in the communicative chain of the addresser (author)–the original text–(addressee) reader. Communication takes the following modified form: addresser (author)–original text– translator/editor–translated text — (addressee) translation reader. On the one hand, the transformed version demonstrates the narrowing of the information volume of the megatext (due to the removal of the subject index and the list of sources of illustrative materials, the reduction of the number of pictographic messages). On the other hand, the Ukrainian version of the publication significantly expands the amount of information that the megatext-transform conveys, due to enlightening comments added by the translator in page-by-page footnotes. The reader of the translated version of Y. Harari’s monograph receives additional information on the subject of discussion. These may be historical references to the cultural phenomena referred to in the original, or new data that have appeared during the period of time that has passed between the publication of the original and the appearance of its translated version. The Ukrainian-speaking reader of the megatext learns about new angles of the discussed problems, and also receives information about the appearance of Ukrainian publications related to the topic. The translator takes over the function of commentator and interpreter, in which the educational characteristic of the analyzed discursive phenomenon is clearly manifested. As a result of the mentioned megatextual and architectural transformations, we note a change in the image of the hypothetical reader of the Ukrainian version of the megatext, rather than the one that was embedded in the reference megatext. In particular, the expected thesaurus reserves of the Ukrainian reader turn out to be smaller than that of the reader of the original text, which is also evidenced by the extended version of the title: it contains an explanation of the Latin word Sapiens. Людина розумна, no such analog is observed in the original version of the title of the monograph. Eventually, we conclude that the reference text and its communicative transform are close, but not identical, communicative phenomena.

A Paratext Perspective on the Translation of the Daodejing: An Example from the German Translation of Richard Wilhelm

In the German translation history of the Daodejing, the version rendered by the renowned German sinologist, Richard Wilhelm, has vigorously propelled the study of Laozegetics in Germany and stands as a translation of historical and scholarly significance. Wilhelm complemented the concise main text through the use of diverse, precise, and appropriate paratexts, granting his translation both readability and academic rigor. This ensures the admiration of general readers and the recognition of professional scholars. Tailored to the linguistic preferences and educational levels of German readers, Wilhelm frequently employed highly recognizable theological, philosophical, and literary concepts within the German cultural system to elucidate the Daodejing. This translation strategy effectively satisfies the expectation horizon of target readers. In the paratexts, Wilhelm constructs a philosophical framework of Daoism, compares the thought of Confucianism and Daoism, and broadens the dialogue between Chinese philosophical thought and Western intellectual traditions, thereby bestowing upon the Daodejing a renewed vitality in the German-speaking world.

An unknown early 19th c. historical source on the subsistence activities of the population of the Lower Irtysh River basin: analysis of the information potential

This paper reports on a previously unpublished document — a survey of the traditional subsistence activities of the popu-lation of the Lower Irtysh River basin and the adjacent part of the Ob River (Denshchikov Commissariat of the Tobolsk Gover-norate, Russia), prepared in 1805 by a local official, D.S. Kochetovsky. The survey contains detailed information on fishing, hunting, and gathering practices of the Russian and Ugric populations, and it was intended for the preparation of the Governor's report to the Minister of Internal Affairs. The study is aimed at assessing the information potential of the historical source and determination of the socio-political context of its production. In the paper, a historical-ethnographic analysis of the document has been carried out against other sources of the 18th–19th centuries, and its main text with annotations is published. The document attests to a high level of competence of the government official in the subsistence economy of the region accountable to him, although that was not fully detailed knowledge. It is not replete with unique data, but at the same time confirms the deep histori-cal tradition and conservatism of the local subsistence economy in which the ethnically mixed population was occupied. Unlike most of the published sources of the second half of the 18th c., the survey describes the economy of the clearly defined area of Northwestern Siberia, notably, as a whole complex, with the seasonal distribution of activities. Particularly valuable is the infor-mation characterising the flexibility of the economic structure, depending on the annual specifics of the fluctuation of natural resources. The authors of the paper concluded that the document under study constitutes one of the early experiences of com-piling a survey of the economy at a lower managerial level, marking the formation of a new model of interaction between state institutions and local communities. The model was based upon the collecting of statistical and factual data on all Russian regions, which towards the middle of the 19th c. adopted by then a regular and formalised order.

The Preface to the <i>Shiwang Jing</i>: An Early Legend of Revival

The main text of the Tangut version of the Scripture on the Ten Kings was based on the Tibetan version, but its preface, translated from Chinese, contains a folk legend about a child who returns alive from Hell after Yama admires his respect for deities and sages. A similar legend is recorded in Chinese Buddhist canon no earlier than the Ming Dynasty, therefore the Tangut preface proves to be the earliest sample of the same work. With the help of Chinese texts, it may be possible to decipher the Tangut version of the cursive handwritten preface in inv. №819 kept at the IOM, RAS and the version in a xylograph that recently appeared on the Chinese relic market.

Misreporting study results in main texts and abstracts of randomized controlled trials published by physical therapy researchers (SPIN)

BACKGROUND: The distortion of truth or “spin” has become a major concern in various fields as it can affect the accuracy of research dissemination. Recognizing the extent of this issue in physiotherapy research is essential for promoting good-quality research and raising awareness. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of spin in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published by Indian physiotherapists. METHODS: A Medline search was conducted to identify RCTs published by Indian physiotherapists from January 2000 to November 2018. We included studies with nonsignificant primary outcomes and reviewed them for spin in both abstracts and full texts using the Boutron checklist. Three reviewers were involved in the process. RESULTS: Of the 44 RCTs with nonsignificant outcomes, 40 (90%) showed spin in their abstracts and 39 (88%) in their main text conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal a significant prevalence of spin in nonsignificant RCTs published by physiotherapy researchers. Improving research knowledge, enhancing scientific writing skills, and providing mentorship may help reduce spin in result reporting.

Sejarah Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi Dalam Islam

Observing and researching the historical periodization of the growth of science and technology in Islam is the aim of this study. This study uses descriptive analysis which is complemented by a historical analysis approach in conducting library research. The direction of knowledge or data interpretation is prioritized on a historical approach. The research findings show that as science and technology progress today, they are increasingly related to one another. Islam refers to this as the integration of science and technology with the Al-Qur'an which is the main text for this integration and then followed by Hadith as the second proposition after the Al-Qur'an.

Fundamentals of Nyaya Darshan and their influence upon Charaka Samhita

Nyaya Darshana and Ayurveda being contemporary sciences have influenced and complemented each other. The concepts of Nyaya Darshana are selectively incorporated in Ayurveda to suit its objectives viz. Swasthya Rakshana and Roga Prashamana. Most of the concepts of the Nyaya are accepted as such, some are modified for the medical sciences. Application of the concept of Nyaya in conjunction with Ayurveda enhances the therapeutic application of contemporary system of healing. Ayurveda is a Sarvadarshan Parishada Shastra which means this system of health science is related to various Darshanas. There are similarities of some concept of Charaka Samhita and Nyaya Darshana Shastra, but as the Prayojana (aim) of both Shastra are same into some extent. As Charak Samhita is a main text book of Ayurveda so a study of the influence of Nyaya Darshana on classics like Charaka Samhita should be analysed. In this study we will try to correlate various concepts of Charak Samhita and Nyaya philosophy.

Manajemen Pengembangan Kurikulum di Sekolah MI Al-Istianah Sidoarjo

Manajemen Pengembangan Kurikulum di Sekolah MI Al-Istianah Sidoarjo