Main Tactics Research Articles

TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC REPERTOIRE OF VLADISLAV ARDZINBA

The study is devoted to analysis of the tactical and strategic array of discursive means used by Vladislav G. Ardzinba to carry out effective governance as a leader of the state. In the year of the 75th anniversary of the birth of the first President of Abkhazia, the author expresses a wish to address the rhetorical and communicative - cognitive aspects of the linguistic personality, who has become a most significant political figure on the post-Soviet territory of the time. The urgency of research arises from the insufficient study of the typical and characteristic features of V. G. Ardzinba as a linguistic personality. The aim of the study is to identify the main tactics and strategies that perform a style - forming function in the texts of the politician. The author’s task is believed to reveal the attitudes that determine the specific set of language tools used by the speaker, as well as to understand the speech behavior of the linguistic personality of the politician. The strategy is typical of political discourse and helps to establish contact and active mutual interaction between the voters and the politician and the construction of his/her image; in its turn, the choice of a relevant speech strategy and the methods of its realization can guarantee success to the politician. The implementation of certain strategies through a set of speech tactics allows a politician to perform communicative tasks, such as informing citizens, interpreting facts and events, raising personal political status, uniting masses around an idea and encouraging them to take certain actions, discrediting political opponents, etc. As a result of the study, the most characteristic tactical and strategic means used by Ardzinba in political discourse which helped him to achieve his political goals are identified. It has been found that the strategies and tactics used by the politician correspond to the foreign policy factors and are in line with the general state of affairs in the country.

ARE THE “BLACKLISTS” REALLY EFFECTIVE AGAINST TAX HAVENS?

The publication by certain international organizations between 1998 and 2018 of blacklists related to countries considered to be tax havens has been one of the main tactics used to achieve an objective that, in this case, is fundamentally to aid in the fight against tax evasion and money laundering. During this period, we have witnessed the repeated publication of blacklists (OECD, IMF, FATF, etc.); however, it seems that this objective has not been achieved. The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of this strategy in persuading such jurisdictions to comply with international financial and fiscal norms. The methodology used is empirical and theoretical, relying on bibliographic analysis, documentary sources and statistics. Highlighted among the conclusions is the partial effectiveness of the blacklists in achieving commitments from the included countries; however, in general there was no actual compliance or there was what has been called mock compliance.

Adolescentes internados por tentativa de suicídio com agentes químicos: um estudo transversal

Este estudo objetivou descrever as internações por de tentativas de suicídio com agentes químicos em adolescentes internados em um hospital de ensino no período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2015. Pesquisa transversal e descritiva, com análise retrospectiva de fichas de ocorrência toxicológica, arquivadas em um centro de assistência toxicológica do noroeste do Paraná. Foram selecionadas 27 internações de adolescentes que tentaram suicídio com agentes químicos. As idades encontradas variaram de 12 a 19 anos, sendo a maioria dos internados do sexo feminino, com idade entre 16 e 19 anos (70,4%). A residência foi o local de maior ocorrência das intoxicações, e os principais agentes utilizados foram medicamentos (51,9%) e produtos de uso veterinário (14,8%). Conflitos familiares, tentativa de suicídio anterior e transtorno mental foram fatores observados entre a população estudada e que podem ter relação com a ocorrência do evento suicida. A média de internação foi de 6,2 dias. Dez pacientes internados foram classificados como moderados, 15 como graves e dois como fatais. Foram identificados fatores que permitem dimensionar um problema social emergente: tentativas de suicídio com utilização de agentes químicos entre os adolescentes. Corroborou fatores relacionados à tentativa de suicídio: sexo feminino, espaço domiciliar como cenário, utilização de medicamentos como agente tóxico, e conflitos familiares e afetivos como causa principal, embora pouco relatados nas fichas de atendimento. Fatores como tentativa de suicídio anterior e transtorno mental também foram observados entre a população em estudo.

THE TACTIC OF ASSESSMENT IN ECONOMIC DISCOURSE (THE CONCEPT OF SINGLE MARKET)

The aim of the article is to describe the trends ongoing in modern economic discourse. Economic discourse is considered to be a part of business discourse texts united by the topic of commerce and economic relations. The author looks into speech influence means used by the participants of online communication in social media posts. The work is carried out in the framework of functional pragmatic paradigm. Studying the correlation between the speech forms and their functions, this approach allows to identify the main speech strategies and tactics used by specialists in economics and ordinary people discussing economic issues. The tactic of assessment is the object of the current study. The excerpts from social media involving debate on single market issue were chosen by method of continuous sampling. They included the posts from accounts of European Union Commission, EU Finance, Confederation of British Industry, BBC Politics et al. The author singles out speech means characterizing the phenomenon from a positive and negative perspective. They are treated as a reflection of collective consciousness of Europeans and demonstrate an attitude of doubt and skepticism towards the single market. To conclude, online communication in the field of economics and business proves to be a valuable object for linguistic research. New mass media play an important role in formation of discourse field and a powerful tool for expressing public opinion.

CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CASE OF I NTRA-PULMONARY METASTASES OF BENIGN LEIOMYOMA

Uterine leiomyoma is rarely accompanied by the detection of distant metastases, including lungs. The basis of modern strategies of diagnosis of metastatic leiomyoma is the carrying out incisional or excisional biopsy of identified lesions with the subsequent performance of the immunohistochemical studies. Taking into account the indolent course of the disease, in modern practice, the main tactics of management of such patients is a long-term follow-up with the appointment of antiestrogen therapy.

The survival rate of therapy with tumor necrosis factor-αinhibitors: main causes and drug substitution tactics

The paper gives data on the efficacy and safety of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) inhibitors used in first- and second-line therapy. It describes options to optimize treatment with TNF-αinhibitors in first-line therapy, by increasing the dose, which is accompanied by the greater effect only with infliximab; by changing the dose of concomitant disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, primarily methotrexate (MTX), the use of which increases the probability of achieving the effect of TNF-αinhibitors, the magnitude of the effect rises with the larger doses of MTX or with its parenteral formulation. There are data on the effectiveness of switching from the first TNF-αinhibitor to the second TNF-αinhibitor or to a biologic agent with another mechanism of action.

Paediatric Patient: Child, Adult, or Both?

The paediatric patient is considered to be a child. However, when it comes to communication with a patient, his consent, implementation of appointments, then the party of interaction is supposed to be an adult. In this regard, the paediatric patient is represented by a child-adult alliance, which allows us to speak of a ‘complex patient’. At the same time, his personal agency (the ability to independently formulate a complaint, accept appointments and achieve compliance) changes with the age of a child, coming to him from an adult. This determines the efficacy of screening as well as the main tactics of interaction between the doctor and the patient, explanation, and compliance. Based on the theory of periodization of the personality development, answers are given to the questions: who, a child or an adult, formulates a complaint, who accepts the explanation and who is the subject to compliance? It has been shown that in early childhood (up to 3 years) the patient's subjectivity in the formulation of a complaint and a picture of the disease, the perception of prescriptions and adherence to compliance is provided by the parent. During the pre-school (3–7 years) and primary school (7–11 years) periods, the picture is mosaic: the doctor compares the opinion of the parent and his child to get a picture of the disease, he gives prescriptions to the parent and/or to the child, so both of them can be a subject to compliance. And only in adolescence (12–17 years) a child can be almost a completely independent subject in all aspects of interaction in the doctor-patient system.

TOWARD A CONVERGENT MODEL OF FLEXIBILITY IN ARCHITECTURE

With recent advances in technology, fundamental changes have occurred in architectural flexibility methods, a great deal of experience has been gained, and many strategies and tactics have been developed in this field. However, a convergence is lacking in these experiences, methods, and tactics, which raises a need for providing a convergent approach in this regard. In this paper, it is going to propose such a model of flexibility. To do this, it is first reviewed the general concepts of flexibility, and provide a short review of its history and its main executional tactics. It is then divided its main tactics into eight main groups of: ‘open plan’, ‘pre-fabricated modules’, ‘similar spaces’, ‘extendable unit᾽, ‘attachment and detachment of adjacent units’, ‘common space between adjacent units’, ‘portable walls’, and ‘retractable furniture in a multifunctional space’. Analyzing these tactics, it is extracted the three fundamental principles of flexibility: ‘soft connection’, ‘diversity and multiplicity of spaces’, and ‘multifunctional space’. Accordingly, this paper proposes a concise rule for flexibility as: ‘soft connections between spaces’ which implies to the three principles if some special attentions are paid. Although the rule seems to be simple, the paper argumentations show that paying attention to what it implies, can produce much more flexible spaces than what is created generally. At the same time, new creative ideas along supported by new emerging technologies can enrich these simple solutions extensively.

“We Were Isolated and We Had to Do Whatever They Said”: Violence and Coercion to Keep Adolescents Girls from Leaving the Sex Trade in Two U.S–Mexico Border Cities

ABSTRACTTrafficked adolescent girls are at increased risk for sexual and physical abuse, HIV and STI (sexually transmitted infections) acquisition, mental health, and reproductive issues. While sex trafficking, in relation to adverse health outcomes, has been documented in prior research, this has been mainly explored once girls and women are already in the sex industry. However, less is known about the specific scenarios and contexts related to the recruitment and the different tools used to ensure women and girls remain in the sex trade. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico among 16 current female sex workers who entered the sex industry under 18 years old. Participants reported being forced or coerced into the sex trade by romantic partners, friends, acquaintances, strangers, and/or family members. The main tactics traffickers employed were: violence and threats of violence, use of pregnancy and children, addiction and forced substance use. Certain cultural and social practices facilitate interactions between traffickers and adolescent girls (e.g., older men dating adolescent girls, normalization of violence) that later result in exploitative dynamics (e.g., sexual exploitation). Institutions and social mechanisms are key to maintain and facilitate some of these interactions. Consequences of sexual exploitation go beyond health consequences; they impact women’s emotions, construction of sexuality, identity, and sexual rights among other elements of their lives. The results of this qualitative study may inform potential efforts to prevent coercion of adolescent girls into the sex trade and to assist those who have already been trafficked.

Современные HR-тренды, как важный аспект конкурентоспособности компаний

New directions of HR management development which are observed for the last years as a result of development and introduction of high technologies are considered in the article. There has been analyzed HR tendency in Russia and basic HR trends which will allow HR specialists to increase productivity that is one of the key factors of competitiveness in companies. The relevance of application of Big Data is proved in HR analytics, mobile applications for the solution of HR tasks, new ways of search, assessment of candidates, new approaches to development of corporate education, use of training and development of personnel instead of search new, etc. in the companies, for the purpose of maintenance of competitiveness in the modern changing environment. In detail modern HR trends which recently are actively included into the HR sphere are considered and gain a foothold in it as the main tactics. Now they are necessary for development of the companies, for compliance to current trends and technological innovations in the sphere of modern HR.

Carvacrol and linalool co-loaded in \u03b2-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan nanoparticles as sustainable biopesticide aiming pest control

Pesticides are the main tactics for pest control because they reduce the pest population very fast and their efficiency does not depend on abiotic factors. However, the indiscriminate use of these substances can speed up the development of resistant populations and causing environmental contamination. Therefore, alternative methods of pest control are sought, such as the use of botanical compounds. Nanoencapsulation of volatile compounds has been shown to be an important tool that can be used to overcome the lack of stability of these compounds. In this work, we describe the preparation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles functionalized with β-cyclodextrin containing carvacrol and linalool. The toxicity and biological activity were evaluated. Decreases of toxicity were observed when the compounds were nanoencapsulated. The nanoparticles presented insecticidal activity against the species Helicoverpa armigera (corn earworm) and Tetranychus urticae (spider mite). In addition, repellent activity and reduction in oviposition were observed for the mites.

Leaf age affects the efficacy of insecticides to control Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

AbstractHuanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease worldwide, is associated with the bacteria transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). One of the main tactics used to manage this disease is the chemical control of D. citri. In this study, the efficacy of four insecticides commonly used by the citrus growers against the D. citri adults was assessed in two vegetative growth stages of flush: young shoots (~ 10 cm in length) and mature leaves. The bioassays were carried out under the greenhouse and field conditions. The insecticides bifenthrin, dimethoate, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were tested at the recommended rates of 15, 450, 40 and 25 mg/L of water, respectively. The insecticides were sprayed onto the leaves of each stage until runoff. Psyllid mortality was assessed at different periods after insecticide application (0, 1 and 2 weeks). In both greenhouse and field trees, the period of control was shorter in the young shoots than in the mature leaves. In addition, the efficacy of insecticides rapidly decreased in the young shoots over time, mainly for imidacloprid and bifenthrin (less than 1 week). Thus, these results suggest that the number of spray applications to control D. citri should be more frequent during the flushing period.

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea in young women after 6.5 years of therapy giant prolactinoma with Cabergolin

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a rare complication in of the prolactinomas treatment with dopamine agonists. In most cases CSF leak develops within the first three months of treatment starting. The article presents a rare clinical case – later development of CSF leak after pharmacological treatment of giant prolactinoma. Women 29 years with giant endo-supra-infra-laterasellar pituitary adenoma (8,7 cm in diameter), visual impairment, cachexia, secondary amenorrhea and prolactin level more than 2 million 200 thousand mU/l treated with cabergoline. On this background, complete regression of the tumor, recovery of visual function, body mass and normalization of prolactin level was marked. Nevertheless, after 6.5 years after beginning of cabergoline therapy CSF leak occured, which required endoscopic endonasal surgery with the plastic of a CSF fistula. All patients with large and giant prolactinomas which invade into skull base structures, receiving cabergoline even for a long time, should be aware of the possibility of such complications as CSF leak and, if necessary, should urgent appeals to the otolaryngologist and the neurosurgeon. In this case closure of skull base defect is a main tactics of treatment.

Possibilities for Personnel Development in the Mining and Quarrying sector in Bulgaria

In today’s high tech global economy the need of competent and highly qualified workforce becomes focal point in the research of academics, practitioners and business alike. The development of professional skills and competencies correlates with the processes of performance, evaluation and career development of the human capital. A lot of businesses are looking for innovative ways to improve efficiency and maintain competitive advantage in order to survive. The development of professional competencies is more frequently linked with the processes of performance, evaluation and career development of the human capital. The formation of such competencies requires consistent actions to improve particular knowledge, skills and abilities. The analysis of the professional competences of the human capital in the mining and quarrying sector in Bulgaria reveals a number of opportunities for their effective use and management. The purpose of this article is to outline the main tactics for developing professional competences of the human capital in the mining and quarrying sector analysing the predispositions of young professionals to work in this sector.

ИСТОРИЯ “ЗЕЛЕНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ” В США: ОПОРА НА ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО

The article thoroughly analyses the history of the American Environmentalism as a socio-political movement and follows the evolvement of the early elitist Conservationist Movement into a mass Green Movement based on public participation. The importance of Conservationist principles in the U.S. state policy greatly increased during the first half of the 20th century, especially during the Progressive Era under the first President-conservationist Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909). The economic revival after the Great Depression of 1929-1933 included development of environmental and tourist infrastructure with mass participation of the civil society. However, the contemporary U.S. Green Movement was formed during and right after the World War II, as a natural consequence of the smart policy pursued by the President Franklin Delano Roosevelt as part of his “New Deal” course. By 1970-1980s, it already included three directions: the traditional Wilderness Preservation, the Anti-Nuclear Movement and a combination Anti-Toxic Movement/Environmental-Justice Movement (known as NYMBY). Special attention is paid to its basic forms — the environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and Green political parties. It is concluded that the variety of environmental NGOs — older and newer, national and local, information- and agitation-oriented, advocacy practicing and political lobbyists, etc. — are grassroots of the environmental movement in the U.S., mobilizing civil support and creating an electoral base for Green political parties both at the state and federal level. The author investigates their present condition and perspectives, strategy and tactics of their social and political activities. At present, the popularity of “green ideas” in the American society is still inadequate for the Green Party USA to provide a real competition with the two main political parties — Democratic and Republican — at the federal level, even in view of its social-democratic orientation. However, “The Greens” are successful at the local level. Popularization of “green ideas”, mobilization of followers among the civil society, environmental legislation lobbying and strengthening of the environmental justice system currently remain the main tactics of American environmental organizations.

Risk factors and prevention of recurrent dynamics of depression

The existing literature in the field demonstrates that in the majority of cases depressive disorder has a recurrent course that resulted in negative consequences: an increase in a number of chronic and marked episodes, a higher risk of suicide and stable cognitive deficit. An analysis of predictors promoting the formation of recurrent depressive disorder allows an identification of a constellation of biological, psychological, therapeutic, social factors which should be taken into account in the choice of methods of prevention of the next episode of depression. Currently, the prolonged supporting psychopharmacotherapy, including antidepressant therapy, is a main tactics in the prevention of recurrent dynamics of depressive disorder though its efficacy is understudied.

Hunting tactics of the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris, in shallow waters of an oceanic insular area in the western equatorial Atlantic

ABSTRACT The hunting tactics of lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, are described from underwater and cliff-top observations in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, western equatorial Atlantic, Brazil. Two main tactics were observed in the shallow waters of sandy beaches and reefs environments: (i) “substrate inspection” of crevices and holes over rocky and reef bottoms, and (ii) “sardine blitz”, which refer to striking schools of fishes (mainly sardines) in the surf zone. The first tactic was restricted to juveniles up to 2 m of total length, whereas subadult and adult sharks with total length larger than 2 m displayed the second. As lemon sharks use waters less than 5 m depth to hunt, perform social behaviours and predator avoidance, results highlight the importance of properly managing these habitats for their conservation, especially in areas where tourism has increased substantially.

Estrategias comunicativas de escritores españoles en Twitter

El modelo comunicativo característico de la web 2.0 ha proporcionado nuevos escaparates institucionales, corporativos y personales basados en la interactividad derivada de las herramientas digitales de carácter social. En un entorno cambiante, es menester revisar las estrategias aplicadas a la autopromoción con el propósito de adaptarlas conforme a las posibilidades que ofrecen los canales interactivos. El presente estudio tiene por objeto el análisis de las principales estrategias de comunicación y marketing personal empleadas por los escritores españoles en Twitter. La metodología utilizada comprende un análisis sistemático cuantitativo de los perfiles de una muestra de reconocidos autores con el fin de identificar las principales tácticas empleadas por ellos en la mencionada red. Los resultados evidencian el interés del colectivo analizado por garantizar su presencia en la web social, incorporando a su rutina la práctica del microblogging. En esta dinámica, se percatan igualmente la construcción de una imagen y una marca personal más cercanas y transparentes que las que suelen ofrecer los canales tradicionales, incidiendo a menudo en los intereses personales de los escritores. Se observa asimismo una autopromoción que camina hacia la horizontalidad pese a que presente aún vestigios de la verticalidad propia de la comunicación tradicionalmente impuesta y unidireccional.

Integrating the Use of Online Social Networking Sites in the Communication Strategy of a Company

Abstract The usage of online social networking sites has never been stronger for the individuals and for the companies. This paper is underlining the importance of using the online social networking (OSN) sites in the communication strategy of one’s company; it presents the concept and the evolution of this marketing tool. It points out the advantages and disadvantages of using such a platform in a marketing campaign. We are underlining the strengths and weaknesses of this tool, as well as the main tactics and actions that the company must use in order to achieve the desired / maximum result when using such a communication platform in its strategy. At the same time we are presenting several results of a quantitative marketing research about how the OSN sites influence the consumers and the buying behaviour.

Tactics Used by the Terrorist Organisation Boko Haram

Abstract Boko Haram is no regular terrorist organization; although not as widely-known as the Islamic State or Al-Qaeda, Boko Haram has been declared the deadliest terror group of 2014. Fortunately, the organization seems to currently be on the run; and the successes of the Nigerian government in countering it have been founded on a timely understanding of its modus operandi. This paper represents an inventory and an analysis of the main tactics employed by Boko Haram in Nigeria and Cameroon during the spike of its insurgence, between the years 2009-2014. Acknowledging these tactics in a timely manner did not only contribute in a significant manner to the present defeat of Boko Haram, as it may also be of use to governments from other countries in anticipating and efficiently thwarting future terrorist plots.