Main Sources Of Stress Research Articles

"مصادر الإجهاد النفسي لدى مدرسي المرحلة الثانوية في الوطن المحتل "الضفة الغربية

The purposes of this study were; first, to identify the main Sources of Stress among secondary schools teachers in the occupied territories by Israel since 1967; second, to determine the importance of some demographic variables of (age, sex, social status, number of children, teacher qualifications, major, and years of teach experience) as independent variables, on teachers perception of the sources of stress, as dependent variables. The sample consisted of 115 respondents selected randomly from Nablus and Jerusalem districts in the West Bank. To collect the data, a scale of the sources of stress was constructed, validated, and administered to the subjects of the sample. The results of the study showed a relatively high level of stress among secondary school teachers. After testing, the null hypotheses by one-way ANOVA significant statistical mean differences were shown: 1. Among age groups on school factor [F (3:111) = 2.91, α = 0.05] 2. Between sex and school factor [F (1:113) = 6.06, α = 0.01] 3. Between sex and society factor [F (1:1113) = α - 0.05] 4. Among teachers of different qualifications on the administration factor [F (3:111)=3.19, α =0.05] 5. Among teachers of different qualifications on the school factor [F (3:111) = 3.04, α =0.05] 6. Among years of different teaching experience on the school factor [F (3:111) = 3.35, α =0.05] other subhypotheses were not statistically significant.

Occupational stress in different organizations: a Saudi Arabian survey

Reports on a study which utilized responses from 442 employees working in 23 different Saudi organizations to assess stress levels and their differences with respect to nationality (Saudis, Arabs, Asians and Westerners), age, tenure, type of organization (public, semi‐private, private), and organizational size (small, medium, large). The findings suggest that: the main source of stress for employees working in private organizations is the lack of knowledge about their performance evaluation results, while this is not the case for employees working in public organizations; Saudi employees have the highest levels of stress, with Arabs second, Asians third, while Westerners (Europeans and North Americans) registered the lowest levels of stress; employees who are less than 30 years old experience the highest levels of stress; employees with six‐to‐ten years of experience show the highest levels of stress; and there is a significant inverse relationship between educational level and stress level.

Job Satisfaction, Mental Health, and Occupational Stress Among Senior Civil Servants

This study found that senior U.K. civil servants were significantly more job dissatisfied and displayed more mental and physical ill health than their private sector counterparts. The main sources of stress were "factors intrinsic to the job" such as poorer comparative pay and working conditions, and a strong feeling of possessing little control over their job and their organization. These results are fully discussed.

Stress in a Social Services Day Centre

There has been very little research into work stress experienced by staff working in day care settings. This study describes the steps taken to assess and attempt to reduce stress levels in a day centre for people with learning disabilities. The work was prompted by concern over a high incidence of minor chronic ailments among staff. Assessment was by interview, discussion and questionnaires. High levels of stress were found in staff. The main sources of stress appeared to be ‘work load’ and organisational structure reflecting recent external pressures on the centre. Three one hour long intervention sessions were arranged and plans were made to address the sources of stress. At eight months follow‐up staff were positive about the intervention and specific organisational changes had occurred. Statistically significant changes in stress levels were not found, however. The results and their implications for other day care settings are discussed.

Perceived sources of stress among student nurses.

Questionnaire data was collected from a sample of 306 student nurses from three institutions (university, college of advanced education and hospital) during the second week of the first year of their course, and from 189 students from two of the institutions (university and CAE) at the conclusion of their first year of education. The main sources of stress on both occasions were essentially the same for women and men, and for students from the different institutions. These concerns focussed on study-related issues, the emotional demands of nursing, the use of technical equipment, interpersonal interaction, and lack of time for family and personal pursuits. It was suggested that these concerns could be reduced through the introduction of education in study skills, the provision of the opportunity to gain hands-on experience with technical equipment, and the development of social skills.

Commuting‐related Stress: Consequences and Implications

The growth in commuting has brought with it another source of stress for the worker. Little research has been done in the area and what is available tends to be mainly from the US. Reports on the first part of a British study which focused on the London area. From a comprehensive questionnaire study of 370 participants it is clear that the main source of stress in commuting is the level of impedance or difficulty encountered. Long distances are not necessarily stressful, though longer‐term effects may lie in the disturbance of the balance between home, work, social and leisure aspects of life. The central aspects of stress are perceived control and social support. While the individual needs to ensure that social support is available, dealing with commuter stress must centre around establishing perceived control over the experience. Reducing impedance, by whatever means, is a major part of solving the problem. However, the individual can also establish control by reclaiming what could otherwise be a part of daily living which is endured, as an inevitable loss.

Work-related stress and its predictors among Canadian dental assistants.

This paper reports the results of a survey of 1000 certified dental assistants in Ontario, Canada. The aim was to obtain data on work-related stress, its sources and predictors. Of those responding to the survey, 38.8% said that their work was moderately stressful and 14.5% said it was very or extremely stressful. Approximately one-third had been bothered by stress at work on three or more days in the previous week. The main sources of stress were working under constant time pressures, running behind schedule and feeling undervalued by the dentist. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the main predictors of work stress were not having a clear job description, working long hours, life stress while not at work and age. However, these variables explained less than 10% of the variance in job stress scores. Overall, 22.8% said it was very likely that they would seek work in another practice or seek work outside dentistry in the coming year. There was a significant association between work stress and job intentions; 43.0% of those reporting high levels of stress intended to change jobs compared to 8.9% of those who said that their job was not at all stressful (P less than 0.0001). These findings have implications for the way in which dental practice is organised and managed.

Staff stress and job satisfaction at a children's hospice.

A study of staff stress and job satisfaction was undertaken in a children's hospice. In addition factors were investigated which might be stressful or which helped staff to manage in difficult circumstances. Three quarters were under comparatively little stress and in general showed very few psychological symptoms but a distinct subgroup were under a great deal of stress. A number of factors, notably recent personal bereavement and unresolved grief about a death that had occurred before they came to work at the hospice, distinguished this small group. Job satisfaction was generally high. The main sources of stress were: the sense of impotence staff felt when they were unable to relieve perceived needs or distress; dealing with negative responses in families, and conflicts within the staff group. The most important mitigating factors were: the informal support that staff provided for each other in this small cohesive working unit, the homelike atmosphere of the hospice, and the diversity of professional and personal skills among the staff group. The implications of these findings for reducing stress among staff dealing with dying people are discussed; this includes not only staff on paediatric wards, intensive care and neonatal units, but also community paediatric nurses.

Job strains and job satisfaction of dialysis nurses.

Results are reported from an investigation on job strains in dialysis nurses and needs for psychosocial staff training. 174 dialysis nurses in the Federal Republic of Germany answered the clinical questionnaire, which was distributed in cooperation with the German section of the EDTNA. Although the majority emphasized positive aspects of the job (particularly responsible work, contact to patients, and teamwork), more than one-fourth of the nurses reported marked psychosocial strains. Main sources of stress were doubts about the principle of maximum therapy, the consumerism of some patients, and intrateam tensions. Almost two-thirds confirmed the necessity of psychosocial staff training, favoring training units of 1-2 h once a month. In the staff's opinion psychosocial staff training should mainly include casework and cognitive as well as behavioral training for a better handling of patients and conflicts. Main topics suggested by the nurses for discussion were depression, coping with illness as well as handling of aggressive and pretentious patients. Finally, implications of the findings with respect to the goals and performance of psychosocial staff training are discussed.

The effects of psychological stress upon attention indicated by MFF test: an analysis based on heart rate and state anxiety

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of psychological stress upon attention as subjects performed on the MFF test. Thirty-four undergraduate students served as subjects. They participated in two experimental conditions: "stress condition" and "non-stress condition". Main sources of stress were competitive instruction and anxiety caused by unfamiliar experimental setting. Heart rate and state anxiety were measured as the indices of those stressors. Their performance on the MFF test was measured in terms of reaction time and the number of correct responses in each condition. The main results were as follows. Reaction time in stress condition was found significantly shorter than that in non-stress condition. However, there was no significant difference in the number of correct responses between these two conditions. Besides, there was no linear relationship found between either heart rate or state anxiety scores and MFF test performance. These results suggest that attention measured by MFF test differs in its reaction time, depending upon whether stressful instruction exists or not, but it holds constancy in its correct responses throughout the experiment.

Intraplate seismicity, reactivation of preexisting zones of weakness, alkaline magmatism, and other tectonism postdating continental fragmentation

Intraplate seismicity, reactivation of preexisting zones of weakness, alkaline magmatism, and other tectonism postdating continental fragmentation

FUNCTIONAL DISEASE OF THE STOMACH. RECOGNITION AND TREATMENT.

While this year's functional illness may be next year's organic disease, it is reasonable at present to define illness as a reaction to stress, and functional illness as one in which the apparent and main source of stress is emotional or psychic. A careful history is critical in recognition of functional disease and may have great therapeutic value. Supportive measures give good results if the patient is capable of developing insight. In many cases if the physician can keep the patient at useful work and away from unnecessary surgery he is doing a commendable job.