Main Source Of Nutrition Research Articles

GERAY DASIF: Gerakan Ayah Dukung Asi Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Peusangan Siblah Krueng

Many fathers are concerned about the low level of breastfeeding, but fathers do not show any action to provide proper support to their wives. The problem of exclusive breastfeeding also occurs in the Peusangan Siblah Krueng Health Center Work Area with babies aged 0-6 months who do not receive exclusive breastfeeding. This cannot be allowed to continue because exclusive breastfeeding is the main source of nutrition for growth and development. Activity Objectives: Creating GERAY DASIF: Fathers' Movement to Support Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Dewantara Health Center Work Area and increasing the active involvement of fathers in improving maternal and infant health. Community Service Methods: Identification of exclusive breastfeeding, identification of supporting factors for breastfeeding mothers in North Aceh, consultation and formation of fathers' groups, group management, monitoring and evaluation, activity reports, scientific publications, socialization. The result of the service is the formation of a group of fathers supporting exclusive breastfeeding so that fathers are aware of their role which is not only to earn a living but also "but fathers/husbands also play a big role in providing support for the family, especially for partners (wives), one of which is supporting or helping mothers (wives) in terms of providing breast milk so that mothers feel able to breastfeed their babies and get attention from their husbands.

Advancements in Non-Thermal Processing Technologies for Enhancing Safety and Quality of Infant and Baby Food Products: A Review.

Breast milk is the main source of nutrition during early life, but both infant formulas (Ifs; up to 12 months) and baby foods (BFs; up to 3 years) are also important for providing essential nutrients. The infant food industry rigorously controls for potential physical, biological, and chemical hazards. Although thermal treatments are commonly used to ensure food safety in IFs and BFs, they can negatively affect sensory qualities, reduce thermosensitive nutrients, and lead to chemical contaminant formation. To address these challenges, non-thermal processing technologies such as high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, radio frequency, and ultrasound offer efficient pathogen destruction similar to traditional thermal methods, while reducing the production of key process-induced toxicants such as furan and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF). These alternative thermal processes aim to overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods while retaining their advantages. This review paper highlights the growing global demand for healthy, sustainable foods, driving food manufacturers to adopt innovative and efficient processing techniques for both IFs and BFs. Based on various studies reviewed for this work, the application of these novel technologies appears to reduce thermal processing intensity, resulting in products with enhanced sensory properties, comparable shelf life, and improved visual appeal compared to conventionally processed products.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Maternal Intentions in Exclusive Breastfeeding of Infants in The Perinatology

Introduction: Breast milk is the main source of nutrition in infants 0-6 months. The behavior of the mother in exclusively breastfeeding is influenced by the intentions possessed by the mother, especially in babies in perinatology. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the mother's intention in exclusive breastfeeding of infants treated in perinatology. Methods: The method used is cross-sectional with a non-probability sampling technique with total sampling within 1 month of as many as 54 responders. Data analysis using Chi-Square Test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between maternalknowledge (p = 0.000) and husband support (p = 0.001). Meanwhile, family support (p = 0.114) and nurse support (p = 0.924) were not related to the mother's intention to provideexclusive breastfeeding. The results of multiple logistic regression tests found that the dominant factor that influenced the mother's intention to exclusively breastfeed was husband support (OR=9,754). Conclusion: Husband support is the most dominant factor in influencing the mother's intention to exclusively breastfeed the baby treated in perinatology. Husband support consists of instrumental, informational, judgmental, and emotional support. In this study, the husband was able to provide emotional and instrumental support, for other support still needs to be improved. It is recommended that efforts be made to increase the role of husbands in motivating mothers to provide exclusive breastfeeding, health workers are required to provide health education about the importance of husband's support in providing exclusive breastfeeding.

A Comparative Analysis of Neural Network Architectures for Predicting Indian Rice Production

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important cereal crops in World and feeds more than a third of the world’s population. In Asian region, rice is a main source of nutrition and provides 30% to 70% of the daily calories for half of the world’s population. Here, in this study two different neural network models were used in prediction of rice production of India. It was observed that the accuracy score of Multi-layer perceptron neural network is better than Radial basis function in prediction of rice production. The loss/error value for Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model is lower than Radial basis function (RBF) model. The relative error is found to be high for MLP.

A Review on Its Characterization, Processing, Applications and Health Benefits of Pearl Millet Protein

Millets have more minerals and vitamins. They have a greater potential to health benefit, fodder, nutrition, livelihood, fibre, and the environment than rice and wheat do. because Millet is a popular seed crop all over the world due to its high amount of micro and macro nutrients such as fibre, protein, vital fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. One of the most significant grains in the world and a significant food crop is pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.). The UN recently declared 2023 as the "International Year of Millet." This review was written with the intention of giving a brief review of the studies on the characterization, preparation, applications, and health benefits of millet-based proteins because grains are the majority of people's main source of nutrition and protein is the 2nd most abundance macronutrient in millet, suggesting that these cereals may be acceptable substitutes for plant-based protein. This knowledge will be crucial in finding research holes that prevent millet proteins from reaching their full potential. Researchers and the food business can use this information further to comprehend the variety of millet proteins that can be used as ingredients in the creation of novel cuisines. In order to increase millet production in India, the study concluded that the right trends, characterization, processing, food applications and health benefits should be provided.

Metabolomics analysis of the yolk of Zhijin white goose during the embryogenesis based on LC-MS/MS.

The egg yolk of the goose is rich in lipids, proteins and minerals, which is the main source of nutrition during the goose embryogenesis. Actually, the magnitude and variety of nutrients in yolk are dynamically changed to satisfy the nutritional requirements of different growth and development periods. The yolk sac membrane (YSM) plays a role in metabolizing and absorbing nutrients from the yolk, which are then consumed by the embryo or extra-fetal tissues. Therefore, identification of metabolites in egg yolk can help to reveal nutrient requirement in goose embryo. In this research, to explore the metabolite changes in egg yolk at embryonic day (E) 7, E12, E18, E23, and E28, we performed the assay using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The findings showed that E7 and E12, E23 and E28 were grouped together, while E18 was significantly separated from other groups, indicating the changes of egg yolk development and metabolism. In total, 1472 metabolites were identified in the egg yolk of Zhijin white goose, and 636 differential metabolites (DMs) were screened, among which 264 were upregulated and 372 were downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the DMs were enriched in the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, digestion and absorption of protein, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phosphotransferase system (PTS), mineral absorption, cholesterol metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Our study may provide new ideas for improving prehatch embryonic health and nutrition.

Study on organic goat production as a tool for sustainability of nomadic pastoralism in north-western Himalayan region, India

Migratory Gaddi sheep and goat constitutes approximately 70% of the total population of small ruminants in Himachal Pradesh, which is in north-western Himalayan region of India. The present investigation was carried out on 32 Gaddi migratory flocks consisting of around 5000 animals (sheep and goat) through structured pre-validated questionnaire to find out scope of nomadic pastoralism for organic goat production. Through cross-sectional surveys, it was found that 100% of breeds reared by the nomads are indigenous in origin, which is well adapted for grazing and browsing in different hilly terrains and topographies. Tethering was not at all practiced among the nomadic flocks of goats. The flocks were herd in corrals during night to prevent predatory loss. The main source of nutrition for goats was rangeland, natural pastures and common property resources. The nomadic goat production system does not substantially compromise the welfare of the animals. Natural suckling and freedom of social behaviour in nomadic flocks are the ethological advantages same as that are required for standards of organic production. Natural breeding is commonly practiced in this nomadic goat production system whereas artificial insemination, embryo transfer and estrus synchronization is unpopular. Ethno-veterinary practices of Gaddi farmers give them an edge over other countries in organic goat production; it can be effective substitute for allopathic medicines but needs to be validated on efficacy and dosage. Exploring and supporting nomadic pastoralism for organic production will help in improving its traceability, meeting consumer satisfaction and sustaining the dwindling nomadic pastoralism.

Vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu 1821).

Odontocetes primarily rely on fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans as their main source of nutrition. In the digestive system, their polygastric complex exhibits similarities to that of their closest terrestrial relatives such as cows, sheep, and giraffes, while the entero-colic tract shares similarities with terrestrial carnivores. The morphology, caliber, and structure of the odontocete intestine are relatively constant, and, since there is no caecum, a distinction between the small and large intestine and their respective subdivisions is difficult. To address this issue, we used the intestinal vascularization pattern, specifically the course and branching of the celiac artery (CA) and the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries (CrMA and CdMA). A series of pictures and dissections of 10 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were analyzed. Additionally, we performed a cast by injecting colored polyurethane foam in both arteries and veins to measure the caliber of the arteries and clarify their monopodial or dichotomous branching. Our results showed the presence of multiple duodenal arteries (DAs) detaching from the CA. The CrMA gave origin to multiple jejunal arteries, an ileocolic artery (ICA), and, in six cases, a CdMA. In four specimens, the CdMA directly originated from the abdominal aorta. The ICA gave rise to the mesenteric ileal branches (MIB) and mesenteric anti-ileal branches and the right colic arteries (RCA) and the middle colic arteries. From the CdMA originated the left colic and cranial rectal arteries (LCA and CrRA). The measurements revealed a mixed monopodial and dichotomous branching scheme. The analysis of the arteries and their branching gave us an instrument, based on comparative anatomy, to distinguish between the different intestinal compartments. We used the midpoint of anastomoses between MIB and RCA to indicate the border between the small and the large intestine, and the midpoint of anastomoses between LCA and CrRA, to tell the colon from the rectum. This pattern suggested an elongation of the duodenum and a shortening of the colic tract that is still present in this species. These findings might be related to the crucial need to possess a long duodenal tract to digest prey ingested whole without chewing. A short aboral part is also functional to avoid gas-producing colic fermentation. The rare origin of the CdMA on the CrMA might instead be a consequence of the cranial thrust of the abdominopelvic organs related to the loss of the pelvic girdle that occurred during the evolution of cetaceans.

Trend of High Microbial Contamination in Livestock Milk in Indonesia and Distribution Mapping

Milk is a food ingredient that is considered main source of nutrition for humans because contains essential substances for the body. Microbial contamination of milk can pose various health hazards to humans. Information regarding trends in microbial contamination and mapping its distribution is still limited. Research continues to develop rapidly with methods of analyzing bibliographic linkages with scientific communication models, data that is increasingly interesting to explore. The data were analyzed using bibliometric methods related to milk contamination in Indonesia. After sorting, 108 suitable articles were obtained. The results of the analysis show the peak of article production. After 2021, there was a decrease in the number of publications, indicating a shift in research direction. International collaboration between countries also looks significant. Key themes such as “probiotics,” “milk yield,” and “lactic acid bacteria (lab)” emerged as dominant focuses in this study. Meanwhile, the theme in the ‘Emerging or Declining Themes’ area, has not yet become main focus, but there is potential for development, and challenges that require further research and innovation. Overall, this review provides insight into research trends, international collaborations, and theme dynamics, eflecting the need for future research to continue to explore and reassess research focus.

Trace elements status in human breast milk of mothers from Île-de-France region

Breastfeeding is the main source of nutrition during first months of life. Its composition varies according to parameters like mother’s diet and health, living area, number of pregnancies and lactation duration… Trace-elements concentration in breastmilk is then an important parameter that can affect infant’s health, growth or immune system and organ functions. Few data are available on this topic, and results are often very variable. The aim of this work is to determine reference values of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe) and Iodine (I) in human breastmilk according to lactation duration and to study influencing parameters on its elementary composition. Regional Human Milk Bank of Necker Enfants Malades Hospital provided samples that came from breastfeeding woman involved in voluntary milk donation and epidemiologic data. Two hundred thirty-two breastmilk were analysed. After nitric acid mineralization of milk samples, Cu, Zn, Se, Co and I were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in a standard mode. Fe was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Both assays were validated in terms of sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy.Studied breast milks came from mothers with an average age of 32 years and donation time ranged from one day after childbirth to 974 days (> 2.5 years); mean lactation duration is 59 days (> 8 weeks) while median duration is 29 days (around 4 weeks). In all studied samples, mean results and reference values are for Cu: 6.02 (1.71–13.23), Zn: 43.86 (7.3–107.0), Se: 0.12 (0.07–0.24), I: 0.29 (0.07–1.01) and Fe: 4.72 (1.25–11.49) µmol/L and for Co: 12.28 (5.27–25.82) nmol/L. Important number of studied milks allowed their distribution into seven classes of lactation durations. Samples were divided into four successive classes of fifteen days after childbirth, two other classes corresponding to the 3rd and 4th months and a last class for milks sampled after 4 months of lactation. Results were analysed in each class allowing study of evolution during lactation. That was particularly interesting for Zn, that presented an important variability in the total population (4–132 µmol/L) explained by variation along lactation evolution decreasing from 48 to 17 µmol/L in first and last duration classes respectively. In addition, Cu and Fe concentrations were also significantly correlated with lactation duration while Se and I were in a lesser extent (p = 0.002). In this study, we present reference values for studied trace elements at different lactation stages, allowing a fine interpretation of future breast milk samples results according to their sampling time. By continuing this study, we plan to increase number of samples in some of the classes and to study the influence of premature birth or twin pregnancy on breast milk elementary composition.

Supplemental feeding on rangelands: New dynamics of the livestock in the El Ouara rangelands in southern Tunisia

Fodder production in arid rangelands has been traditionally considered as the main source of nutrition for livestock. However, the production of these fodder may be influenced by some socio-economic and climatic factors. This study aims to identify the various rangeland use forms and determine the types of livestock feeding system in the El Ouara rangelands of Ben guarden District in southern Tunisia by analysing the importance of supplemental feeding and main determinants of this practice. Data were collected by a survey that targeted a sample of 50 breeders in the El Ouara rangelands. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. The results showed that there are two types of association practiced for breeders:“Cherka” association practiced by 10.00% of breeders and cash payment association practiced by 53.00% of breeders. Then, transhumance, sedentary, and semi-urban forms are the main ways in which breeders use the rangeland. There are four livestock feeding systems in the El Ouara rangelands being used to feed livestock: natural rangeland, rangeland-based, mixed, and concentrate-based feeding systems. Supplemental feeding has become fundamental for the livestock feeding system in the El Ouara rangelands. The breeders with the largest camel size still use the natural rangeland feeding system, while the breeders who have the largest herd size practice the mixed feeding system. The logistic regression results reveal that breeder age, cereal area, herd size, migrant remittance, second activity, and agricultural development group membership can significantly impact the supplemental feeding. In summary, this study can help policy-makers plan innovative practices based on climatic change, ensure the sustainability of livestock feeding system, and make effective decisions for local development.

Symbioses of alvinocaridid shrimps from the South West Pacific: No chemosymbiotic diets but conserved gut microbiomes.

Rimicaris exoculata shrimps from hydrothermal vent ecosystems are known to host dense epibiotic communities inside their enlarged heads and digestive systems. Conversely, other shrimps from the family, described as opportunistic feeders have received less attention. We examined the nutrition and bacterial communities colonising 'head' chambers and digestive systems of three other alvinocaridids-Rimicaris variabilis, Nautilocaris saintlaurentae and Manuscaris sp.-using a combination of electron microscopy, stable isotopes and sequencing approaches. Our observations inside 'head' cavities and on mouthparts showed only a really low coverage of bacterial epibionts. In addition, no clear correlation between isotopic ratios and relative abundance of epibionts on mouthparts could be established among shrimp individuals. Altogether, these results suggest that none of these alvinocaridids rely on chemosynthetic epibionts as their main source of nutrition. Our analyses also revealed a substantial presence of several Firmicutes and Deferribacterota lineages within the foreguts and midguts of these shrimps, which closest known lineages were systematically digestive symbionts associated with alvinocaridids, and more broadly for Firmicutes from digestive systems of other crustaceans from marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Overall, our study opens new perspectives not only about chemosynthetic symbioses of vent shrimps but more largely about digestive microbiomes with potential ancient and evolutionarily conserved bacterial partnerships among crustaceans.

Fish Feed Processing Technology for Entrepreneurship Development in India

The objective of feeding fish is to provide the optimum nutritional requirements for good health, growth, yield while minimizing wastage to optimize profits. Though natural feed forms the main source of nutrition, supplemental feeding is necessary to obtain increased production in ponds. Therefore, a good artificial feed not only facilitate in meeting nutritional requirements but also help to maintain good water stability and acceptance by the fish. To produce supplementary feed with the desired physical characteristics, feed processing and technology has a major role to play for quality feed production. Commercial feed is mainly used by few advanced and progressive farmers while the high cost is prohibitive for the small and marginal farmers. Moreover, non-conventional ingredients are normally not used for fish feed production by aqua feed industry, resulting into increased cost of the feed in the market. Some of the limitations in using non-conventional ingredients are poor utilization by fish either due to presence of anti-nutritional factors or insufficient processing. Furthermore, the scientific information on fish feed technology of conventional and non-conventional feed ingredients are limited. Production of feed as per the requirements essentially involves industrial processing that needs to be marketed in the form highly preferred by the end-users. Hence, the entrepreneurs need to access and use technical information and technology available at the research institutes to produce the desired commercial demand. The combination of the technical knowledge, technological package and business skill would certainly ensure establishment of the successful venture of feed production to cater the demand.

Pemberian Air Rebusan Kacang Hijau (Phaseolus radiatus) dan Daun Adas (Foeniculum vulgare) Pada Ibu Menyusui Terhadap Berat Badan Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan

Mother's Milk (ASI) is the main source of nutrition for babies. Unfortunately many mothers choose formula milk instead. The diet of breastfeeding mothers indirectly affects the composition and production of breast milk. Malnutrition not only interferes with the physical condition of the mother but also reduces the quantity and quality of breast milk. Drinking water infused with fennel seeds and mung beans is said to be effective in counteracting this. We wanted to study whether feeding mothers green bean (Phaseolus radiatus) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) water had an impact on the birth weight of their babies between the ages of 0 and 6 months. Researchers used a pre-experimental approach and sampling method aiming to recruit 17 breastfeeding mothers with infants between the ages of 0 and 6 months. Statistics show a significant difference (p 0.000) using the Paired T-Test in SPSS. Mung bean water (Phaseolus radiatus) and fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare) given to breastfeeding mothers had an effect on the weight of newborns between the ages of 0 and 6 months, and this effect was statistically significant (p 0.000). Breastfeeding women are advised to drink a mixture of mung bean water and fennel leaves to help regulate milk production and ensure that the baby's weight gain stays within a healthy range.

Neonatal malnutrition impacts fibroblast growth factor 21-induced neuron neurite outgrowth and growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion in neonatal mouse brain

Neonatal malnutrition is one of the most common causes of neurological disorders. However, the mechanism of action of the factors associated with neonatal nutrition in the brain remains unclear. In this study, we focused on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 to elucidate the effects of malnutrition on the neonatal brain. FGF21 is an endocrine factor produced by the liver during lactation which is the main source of nutrition during the neonatal period. In this study, malnourishment during nursing mice induced decreased levels of Fgf21 mRNA in the liver and decreased levels of FGF21 in the serum. RNA-seq analysis of neonatal mouse brain tissue revealed that FGF21 controlled the expression of Kalrn-201 in the neonatal mouse brain. Kalrn-201 is a transcript of Kalirin, a Ras homologous guanine nucleotide exchange factor at the synapse. In mouse neurons, FGF21 induced the expression of Kalirin-7 (a Kalirin isoform) by down-regulating Kalrn-201. FGF21-induced Kalirin-7 stimulated neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells. FGF21 also induced Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) expression in Neuro-2a cells. Kalirin-7 and GHRH expression induced by FGF21 was altered by inhibiting the activity of SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) which is located downstream of the FGF receptor (FGFR). Additionally, malnourished nursing induced intron retention of the SHP2 gene (Ptpn11), resulting in the alteration of Kalirin-7 and GHRH expression by FGF21 signaling. Ptpn11 intron retention is suggested to be involved in regulating SHP2 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that FGF21 plays a critical role in the induction of neuronal neurite outgrowth and GHRH secretion in the neonatal brain, and this mechanism is regulated by SHP2. Thus, Ptpn11 intron retention induced by malnourished nursing may be involved in SHP2 activity.

VETERINARY AND SANITARY EVALUATION OF HOLSTEIN MILK

Livestock in Kazakhstan occupies about 43% of the total gross agricultural output, is the main source of employment, nutrition and income of the rural population and its development is one of the main strategic economic objectives of the Republic. The dairy industry has always been and remains the leading sector of the Republic's agro-industrial complex, accounting for about 20% of the volume of food produced in Kazakhstan. The provision of the population with quality products is closely connected with the development of cattle breeding; in turn, the provision of dairy products largely depends on the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding and the fullest use of its potential. To date, the main task in dairy cattle breeding is to increase cow productivity, as well as to improve milk quality: to increase the amount of fat, protein and dry matter. The development of the dairy industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan has a positive trend. The range of dairy products is wide and is approaching European standards in terms of quality. New brands using high-tech production lines have emerged in Kazakhstan's domestic market, which creates a special demand from consumers for competitive advantages in terms of product quality.

The Effectiveness of Local Plants Katuk Leaves and Papaya Leaves as Galactagogues in Increasing Breast Milk Production at TPMB Badriah Susilawati in 2022

Background: The main source of food and nutrition for newborns is breast milk (ASI). The nutrients that newborns need to meet their nutritional needs during the first six months of life are found in breast milk. Purpose of Writing: to find out the Effectiveness of Local Plants Katuk Leaves and Papaya Leaves as Galactagogues in Increasing Breast Milk Production at TPMB Badriah Susilawati in 2022. Research Methods: The research methodology used in this research is a quasy experimental research design used is a Nonequivalent Control Group Design with a quantitative approach. Researchers wanted to know the effectiveness of local plants katuk leaves and papaya leaves as a galactagogue to increase breast milk production. Research Results: Independent statistical test results sample t test value Sig. (2-tailed) namely 0.189 which is 0.189 > 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is no difference between giving katuk leaves and papaya leaves to increase milk production so that there is a similarity in the effectiveness of loka katuk leaves and papaya leaves as a galattagogue for increasing milk production in TPMB Badriah Susilawati Year 2022 Conclusions and Suggestions: The results of this study are expected to be a guide for female students who are interested in learning more about how to increase milk production by consuming foods that act as galactagogues, especially papaya and katuk leaves.

A REVIEW ON COMPREHENSION AND ACCRETION OF ARSENIC IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) PLANT

Consuming rice exposes you to arsenic (As), which is dangerous for your health. The buildup of As in rice was investigated in this study. According to research, Bangladesh and Taiwan have higher levels of As buildup in their rice than other nations. Furthermore, the key elements affecting the uptake of As into rice crops are described. Additionally, it was investigated if it would be possible to use efficient methods to lessen the buildup of As in rice. Arsenic is a hazardous element that has the ability to harm peoples health. In addition to being a source of both amino acids (AAs) and mineral elements, rice is an unwelcome supply of As for the billions of people who eat it as their main source of nutrition. A necessary metalloid called selenium (Se) has the ability to reduce As toxicity by enhancing antioxidant capacity. Through phosphate transporters and intrinsic channels that resemble nodulin 26, As(V) and As(III) are delivered to the root. The entry of methylated As, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), into the root may be significantly influenced by the silicic acid transporter. DMA(V) is very mobile in plants and is quickly translocated from root to shoot among As species. The use of microalgae and bacteria is the most effective agronomic strategy for reducing the uptake and accumulation of As in rice.

Field Performance of Some Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Cultivars Sown on Different Dates

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], with high oil and protein content, is one of the world's main nutritional sources and millions of hectares are given over to its cultivation. Intensive farming and producing multiple crops per year (such as second-crop soybean cultivation), can improve natural resource exploitation and productivity. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of some soybean cultivars on yield and yield components in lowland conditions in the Mardin province over the main-crop and second-crop seasons. This research was carried out in the lowland conditions of Mardin province in Türkiye in 2018 and 2019. The A-3127, Arısoy, Ataem-7, Blaze, Bravo, Cinsoy, Gapsoy-16, Lider, May-5312, Nova, SA-88, and Umut-2002 cultivars were used as plant material in this research. Since the region is suitable for growing double crops per year, soybean field trials were carried out both as a main crop and as a second-cropped. Sowing dates and 12 different soybean cultivars were taken as factors in the research. The first sowing took place on April 16, the second on April 25, the third on June 15, and the fourth on June 30 in both years of the research. Two sowings were the main crop, while the other two were second-crop. According to the results, the A-3127 (3700 kg ha-1) and Gapsoy-16 (3694 kg ha-1) cultivars produced the highest seed yield. The Arısoy (676 kg ha-1), Gapsoy-16 (676 kg ha-1), A-3127 (662 kg ha-1), and Cinsoy (662 kg ha-1) cultivars produced the most oil yield. The study determined that early sowing increases overall yield while late sowing decreases seed yield significantly (on average by 30%). For this region and in areas with similar agricultural environments where double-crop can be grown each year, early cultivars for a second crop may be recommended to reduce the vegetable food and oil deficit.

Comparison of toxic heavy metals in the breast milk of diabetic and non-diabetic postpartum mothers in Yenagoa, Nigeria.

Breast milk is the main source of neonatal nutrition. It is not known whether diabetes increases the excretion of toxic heavy metals in the breast milk of postpartum mothers. We compared the concentration of toxic heavy metals in breast milk between diabetic and non-diabetic postpartum mothers in Yenagoa. A cross-sectional design was utilized on a purposive sample of 144 consenting postpartum mothers (72 diabetic and 72 non-diabetic mothers) from three public hospitals. Breast milk samples were collected at 5-6 weeks postpartum between 1st November 2020 and 30th April 2021. Atomic-Absorption-Spectrophotometer and Direct-Mercury-Analyzer were used to analyze the breast milk samples. A data collection form (proforma) was used and data were analyzed at a 5% significance level with IBM-SPSS 25 software. High levels of Arsenic (63.9% vs. 62.5%), Lead (95.8% vs. 95.8%), Mercury (68.1% vs. 72.2%), and Cadmium (84.7% vs. 86.1%) were detected in the breast milk of the diabetic and non-diabetic groups respectively. The mean concentrations for Arsenic (0.6 vs. 0.6 ng/mL), Lead (13.2 vs. 12.2 ng/mL), Mercury (2.9 vs. 3.0 ng/mL), and Cadmium (3.3 vs. 3.2 ng/mL) were above the WHO permissible limits, thus showing evidence of risk to the health of the mother and neonate. There was no significant difference in the concentration of toxic heavy metals in breast milk between the groups (p = > 0.585). Diabetes did not seem to increase the concentration of toxic heavy metals expressed in breast milk. More rigorous studies are needed to confirm these findings.