Main Sectors Research Articles

The Effects of Economic Sector GDP on Low-Income Housing Supply, Colombia’s Regions Case

The regions with the best economy have a greater capacity to develop low-income or social-impact housing, thus contributing to the reduction of poverty and, therefore, to the fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goals. This is observed in fewer people living in extreme poverty and with fewer unmet basic needs. This present article analyzes the correlation between the development in the main economic sectors in different regions (departments) of Colombia and the supply of low-income housing. Nevertheless, the most remarkable relation that was found was between the economic development of the regions (GDP) and the supply of non-social housing (more expensive commercial value) (Spearman’s Rho: 0.9). This means that there is an imbalance between regional economic capacity and the low-income housing supply because the regions with higher economic potential should have a less demanding population, that is, people living in poverty. These correlations are better when they go hand in hand with activities that are mostly developed in an urban environment, such as manufacturing, construction, real estate, and finance and insurance. On the contrary, these correlations are worse with industries such as mining and agriculture that mostly operate in rural areas. The analysis between low-income housing and economic sectors’ GDP yields low correlations, but these are worse for rural industries. Also, the investigation shows a positive change in the correlations’ trend for the year 2021, the beginning of the post-pandemic economic recovery.

Assessing the influence of political factors on the dynamics of exports of Russian oil and petroleum products based on the use of a combination of PESTE and SWOT analysis methods

The presented work opens a series of articles devoted to assessing the influence of external factors on the dynamics of Russian exports. In this and subsequent related works, the authors proposed to consider the external environment, which had a significant impact on the dynamics of Russian exports and the relative diffi culty of revising its structure, the basis of commodity exports of which in value terms are hydrocarbon energy carriers. This work represents a conceptual basis for the use of instrumental methods for assessing the infl uence of external factors, in this case, political ones, on sectoral aspects of Russian exports and, in particular, on the export of hydrocarbon energy resources. In the second part of this article, it is proposed to use a set of environmental analysis methods, the basis of which is the real estate market research presented in this article, which tests the possibility of combining PESTEL analysis methods with the results of SWOT analysis, which will allow, based on the use of point estimates, to describe the cumulative impact external factors on the dynamics of the main sectors of Russian exports. The novelty of the presented approach lies in the absence of a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the infl uence of external factors on the dynamics of Russian exports using the selected tools, which seems useful and timely in light of the emergence of new political and economic factors that have a signifi cant impact on Russian foreign trade in general and on the dynamics of the carbohydrate energy market, in particular. The parameters for assessing external factors proposed by the authors were chosen by the author independently, taking into account the modern realities of the development of the world economy, which can also represent a separate point of novelty of the research conducted. The merit of the authors of this work lies in the fact that this work proposed their own vision of a comprehensive assessment of the influence of external factors on the dynamics of the country’s exports.

Rethinking industrial land-use in American rust cities towards sustainability based on a block-level model

Urban land is a fundamental but scarce resource that carries intensive human socio-economic activities. The demographic decline and housing vacancy issues that emerged with de-industrialization have raised concerns regarding the sustainable utilization of urban land resources, particularly in the American Rust Belt region. In this context, a comprehensive analysis of industrial land use can offer valuable insights to support the sustainable planning of shrinking cities. However, existing urban land research exhibits insufficient resolution at the sectoral scale and impedes the evaluation of industrial land use efficiency within the urban context. To address this gap, we established an integrated land use estimation framework for economic sectors based on multi-source data, which enables the assessment of land use efficiency at a finer sectoral scale. The method was then applied to the city of Detroit, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh. The results demonstrate that the current industrial land mix in the three cities is dominated by service-providing industries, but the land usage by goods-producing sectors in these cities presents a relatively high level of efficiency. The Moran's I value indicates a clustered tendency for the main economic sectors. The land use area results reveal that Other Services occupies the most land area in Detroit (2.29 million m2) and Cleveland (2.04 million m2). While in Pittsburgh, Professional Scientific and Technical Services (1.44 million m2) is the largest. In terms of the economic output, Management of Companies and Enterprises is the most efficient sector in Detroit (20.28 thousand $/m2) and Cleveland (29.43 thousand $/m2), while Pittsburgh's Public Administration (11.73 thousand $/m2) is the most efficient. As many other cities in the world are about to enter the era of de-industrialization or low growth, the outcomes can also serve as a reference to guide their sustainable revitalization in line with the SDGs.

Potential Pollution Loads of the Cikembar Sub-Watershed to the Cicatih River, West Java, Indonesia

The Cicatih River in the Cikembar sub-watershed, located in Sukabumi Regency, flows along the upstream of the Cikembar sub-watershed and Palabuhan Ratu Bay. For decades, the river has served as a vital water resource, catering to various needs such as domestic use, agriculture, livestock, fisheries, industry, mining, tourism, and hydroelectric power. Recently, the Sukabumi Regency Government made the pollution of coastal and river areas one of the priority issues on sustainable development initiatives for the Sukabumi Regency. This highlights the importance of managing the Cicatih River, one of the main rivers in the regency. This research aims to analyze the potential pollution loads in the Cikembar sub-watershed to the Cicatih River by assessing its water quality status and potential pollution loads from four main sectors: domestic, agricultural, livestock, and industrial. The water quality was calculated based on the Pollution Index method. The potential pollution load from different sources was analyzed using various emission factor calculations. For each pollutant source, the following parameters were analyzed: total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total-N (nitrogen), and Total-P (phosphorus). Results showed that the condition of the Cicatih River is slightly polluted. The parameter exceeding its maximum threshold is BOD. The largest contributor to the potential pollution load of BOD is the domestic sector (53%), while the agricultural sector is the least (2%). In the domestic sector, Bojongkembar Village is the largest contributor to the potential pollution load. The results of this analysis can be used to develop strategies for managing the overall Cikembar sub-watershed.

Research and innovation paving the way for climate neutrality in urban transport: Analysis of 362 cities on their journey to zero emissions

The EU Mission on Climate Neutral and Smart Cities is an ambitious initiative aiming to involve a wide range of stakeholders and deliver 100 climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030. We analysed the information submitted in the expressions of interest by 362 candidate cities. The majority of the cities’ strategies for climate neutrality include urban transport as a main sector and combine the introduction of new technologies with the promotion of public transport and active mobility. We combined the information from the EU Mission candidate cities with data from the CORDIS and TRIMIS databases, and applied a clustering algorithm to measure proximity to foci of H2020 funding. Our results suggest that preparedness for the EU Mission is correlated with research and innovation activities on transport and mobility. Horizon 2020 activities specific to transport and mobility significantly increased the likelihood of a city to be a candidate. Among the various transport technology research pathways, smart mobility appears to have a major role in the development of solutions for climate neutrality.

Digital capabilities to manage agri-food supply chain uncertainties and build supply chain resilience during compounding geopolitical disruptions

PurposeThe agricultural supply chain is susceptible to disruptive geopolitical events. Therefore, agri-food firms must devise robust resilience strategies to hasten recovery and mitigate global food security effects. Hence, the central aim of this paper is to investigate how supply chains could leverage digital technologies to design resilience strategies to manage uncertainty stemming from the external environment disrupted by a geopolitical event. The context of the study is the African agri-food supply chain during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ strategic contingency and dynamic capabilities theory arguments to explore the scenario and conditions under which African agri-food firms could leverage digital technologies to formulate contingency strategies and devise mitigation countermeasures. Then, the authors used a multi-case-study analysis of 14 African firms of different sizes and tiers within three main agri-food sectors (i.e. livestock farming, food-crop and fisheries-aquaculture) to explore, interpret and present data and their findings.FindingsDownstream firms (wholesalers and retailers) of the African agri-food supply chain are found to extensively use digital seizing and transforming capabilities to formulate worst-case assumptions amid geopolitical disruption, followed by proactive mitigation actions. These capabilities are mainly supported by advanced technologies such as blockchain and additive manufacturing. On the other hand, smaller upstream partners (SMEs, cooperatives and smallholders) are found to leverage less advanced technologies, such as mobile apps and cloud-based data analytics, to develop sensing capabilities necessary to formulate a “wait-and-see” strategy, allowing them to reduce perceptions of heightened supply chain uncertainty and take mainly reactive mitigation strategies. Finally, the authors integrate their findings into a conceptual framework that advances the research agenda on managing supply chain uncertainty in vulnerable areas.Originality/valueThis study is the first that sought to understand the contextual conditions (supply chain characteristics and firm characteristics) under which companies in the African agri-food supply chain could leverage digital technologies to manage uncertainty. The study advances contingency and dynamic capability theories by providing a new way of interacting in one specific context. In practice, this study assists managers in developing suitable strategies to manage uncertainty during geopolitical disruptions.

Strategi Pemasaran Syariah Pada Wirausaha Ternak Bebek

The majority of Indonesians live off livestock. Due to increasing demand, some households in Indonesia have established layer duck farms and broiler duck farms. This is one of the main sectors to fulfill the needs of the Indonesian population. The purpose of this study were (1) to determine the level of welfare for duck farmers in Sumberpakem village, Sumberjambe sub-district, (2) to determine the effect of sharia marketing on increasing consumer demand in Sumberpakem village, Sumberjambe sub-district. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to explain sharia marketing strategies in duck entrepreneurship. Observations, interviews, and literature studies were the primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques include interviews and observations.The results of this study, the authors obtained the conclusion that sharia marketing strategies in broiler duck entrepreneurs can improve welfare for duck farmers. With sharia marketing can also increase the demand for the number of consumers

Microstructural Changes in Vanilla planifolia Beans after Using High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Treatment in the Curing Process.

During vanilla bean curing, the cell arrangement derived from the killing technique applied to start bean ripening is essential to obtain the characteristic aroma and flavor of vanilla. Hence, killing is an important step to release the enzymes and compounds required for vanillin production. In this work, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 100-400 MPa for 5 min, using water at 7 °C as the pressure-transmitting medium, was applied as the killing method, and its effect on the microstructural changes in vanilla beans during different curing cycles (C0-C20) was evaluated and compared with that observed after scalding by using water at 100 °C for 8 s. Microstructural changes in the cross-sectioned beans were analyzed using a stereomicroscope (SM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The vanilla beans were cross-sectioned and three main sectors were analyzed: the total, annular, and core. The morphometric descriptors, namely, area, Feret's diameter, and circularity, were quantified via digital image analysis (DIA), from which a shrinkage ratio was calculated. The results show that the total area in the beans presented a maximum decrease in the C16 of curing. The core area was most affected by the HHP treatment, mainly at 400 MPa, rather than scalding. CSLM observations revealed the autofluorescence of the compounds inside the beans. In conclusion, the use of microscopy techniques and DIA allowed us to determine the microstructural changes in the HHP-treated pods, which were found to be more numerous than those found in the scalded beans.

Strategi Perencanaan Pembangunan Dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Perekonomian Kota Medan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

This research aims to look at development planning strategies in increasing economic capacity in the city of Medan, which is the third largest city after Jakarta and Surabaya, and has received the title as a metropolitan city. Medan city has an area of ​​265.10 km2 and has a population of around 2,478 ,145 people (2017). Currently it is a city that is continuously developing. The main objective of this research is to analyze the role of development planning strategies in strengthening the city's economic sector. The research methods used include primary data collection through interviews and surveys, as well as secondary data analysis from trusted sources. This study will identify factors that influence the economic capacity of Medan City, including infrastructure, economic policies, human resources, and main economic sectors. In addition, this research will evaluate various development planning strategies that can be implemented to increase the city's economic competitiveness, including infrastructure development, increasing market access, industrial development, and increasing workforce skills. It is hoped that the research results will provide a deeper understanding of how development planning strategies can be the key to optimizing the economic potential of Medan City. It is hoped that the implications of this research can become a basis for the government and stakeholders to formulate more effective policies in increasing the capacity of the city's economy and making a positive contribution to economic growth at regional and national levels.

ОЦІНКА СТАНУ РОЗВИТКУ МОЛОКОПРОДУКТОВОГО ПІДКОМПЛЕКСУ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

The article defines the essence and structure of the dairy subcomplex as an important component of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, focusing on changes in its localization with the outbreak of full-scale military operations. The results of the functioning of its main sectors: cattle breeding and production of dairy raw materials, milk processing, export-import commodity operations with dairy products and the sphere of consumption are investigated. It is found that Lviv region, with its considerable potential, does not show good results in the domestic market of raw milk, but due to its territorial remoteness from the area of direct hostilities, it has to some extent strengthened its competitive position in this market. There are significant differences in the structure of raw milk production in the region compared to the national figures, and the same disproportions are typical for foreign trade operations with dairy products. At the same time, there are a significant number of milk processing enterprises operating in the region, both local, interregional and national. The analysis of the situation showed that over the past five years, there have been steady deterioration trends in almost all sectors of the dairy subcomplex in Lviv region. These include high costs of keeping livestock, reduced livestock numbers (especially in households), lower milk yields, difficulty ensuring high quality raw milk and sufficient quantities in private households, unfavourable pricing policy on the foreign dairy market, low solvency of the population, negative demographic changes, and a difficult security situation due to the ongoing military operations in the country, a serious shortage of energy resources, which makes it difficult or even impossible to ensure the proper quality of dairy products in the supply chain. To support domestic dairy producers in the region, programs are being implemented to support farming and small manufacturing businesses, numerous grants are being provided, and production cooperation is taking place with the involvement of foreign private and public investment, which is yielding positive results. Also, the dairy industry in Lviv region actively promotes its products in the retail market, which ensures high ratings throughout the country, and is engaged in both meeting the needs of defenders and their social support.

Technological process and laws of change of energy consumption parameters of spinning enterprises

Textile industrial enterprises are composed of three main sectors, which differ significantly from each other in terms of energy capacity, and include - spinning, weaving and finishing departments. In comparison to other departments, spinning technological processes consumes the most electricity. It is necessary to use modern energy-saving devices and to improve technological processes in accordance with the requirements of the times. Building an energy balance based on the analysis of the enterprise's technological processes, as well as forecasting electricity consumption, is one of the urgent issues. In this article, the issues of energy saving and efficiency improvement and forecasting in spinning departments are considered.

Економічні можливості «розумних міст» у контексті формування нового світового економічного порядку

The aim of the article is to study the practice of creating new «smart cities», identify their economic activity and substantiate their role in the global space, which is undergoing significant changes in the context of the formation of a new world order. The study argues that new centers of economic power are emerging in the global space – these are «smart cities» that are able to solve complex problems of a socioeconomic nature and implement the principles of sustainable development, have significant financial and technological resources. Urbanization is singled out as a dominant trend of modern global processes, which increases attention to «smart cities», because the share of the population living in cities is increasing – from 52.6% in 2012 to 56.9% in 2022. The article analyzes the development of the market of «smart cities», evaluates the forecast indicators, discloses the main economic opportunities of the new «smart cities». The project of creating a «smart city» of the future in Saudi Arabia, called Neom, has been detailed. The main investment sectors in this project are identified, which will contribute to economic growth and diversification of the city's life support. It is substantiated that this project is designed for public and private investment and will implement the highest standards of sustainable development. The factors, advantages, economic opportunities and future economic benefits of the project for both companies and future residents are identified and systematized. The scheme of the «smart city» of NAC in Egypt is analyzed. The specifics of the eco-«smart city» of the district level Thu Thiem Lotte Eco Smart City in Vietnam and the Woven City project are determined, other projects of new «smart cities» that will promote equal opportunities for all residents and form community values are analyzed. The advantages of «smart cities», which will ultimately improve the quality of life of the population, reduce costs and increase the efficiency of the city as a whole, are identified. In the future, the results of the activities of new «smart cities» will depend on their ability to quickly respond to global challenges, technological changes and investment difficulties, competition from other, already institutionally formed, subjects of international economic relations.

From "Bioeconomy Strategy" to the "Long-term Vision" of European Commission: which sustainability for rural areas?

The aim of this paper is to analyze the current and long-term effects of the European Commission Bioeconomy Strategy in order to outline possible scenarios for rural areas and evaluate their sustainability. The focus is on the main economic sectors, with particular reference to employment and turnover, in order to understand what kind of economy and jobs are intended for rural areas, as well as their territorial impacts. For this purpose, we have analyzed the main European Commission documents and datasets concerning the bioeconomy and long-term planning for rural areas, as well as the recent scientific data to verify the impact on forests. The result is that European rural areas are intended to be converted initially into large-scale biomass producers for energy and bio-based industry, according to the digitization process, and subsequently into biorefinery sites, with severe damage to landscape, environment, biodiversity, land use and local economy. Scenarios for rural areas don’t seem neither sustainable nor profitable, particularly for the peripheral countries (Southern and Eastern countries of the European Union).

Vanilla production in the world and Mexico: Market value and technology

Vanilla and vanillin are essential commodities for the food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and tobacco industries. However, the global production of natural vanillin is insufficient to meet its demand and has been replaced by synthetic or biotechnological substitutes. Consequently, the opportunity to promote this sector is being missed, and the introduction of natural products with higher added value into the market is not encouraged. Therefore, this study sought, first, to conduct a study about the production and value of vanilla cultivation in Mexico and the world, and second, to examine the technology sectors that have developed around the production and processing of vanilla and vanillin. The methodological development includes: a) an export behavior study and a three-year forecast; b) a factor analysis to build a crop production index; c) the identification of conglomerates to define groups according to their behavior; and d) patent and network analyses to show the main technological sectors, countries, and applicants of technologies relevant to our object of study. Results show that vanilla production is dominated by countries such as Madagascar and Indonesia; although Mexico presents positive results in terms of yield, its participation is limited, in spite of having the appellation of origin for this crop. Data on Mexico indicate that technological development is being carried out by foreign companies and is oriented toward the industrial use of vanillin, disregarding agricultural development. The literature and results point to a lack of a public policy in México to promote this sector and insufficient scientific and technological development to achieve sustainable production. Training and market plans for the benefit of small producers should also be facilitated to boost their participation in the international arena.

Foreign direct investment from Japan, South Korea and China in the Czech Republic: A comparative analysis

Multinational companies from Japan, South Korea and China began to actively penetrate Czech market starting from the mid-1990s. By 2021, Japan was the leader in terms of foreign direct investment stock in the Czech Republic ($ 4.7 billion), followed by South Korea ($ 3.4 billion); and China ($ 760 million). The methodological basis of the paper is Dunning’s eclectic paradigm, which makes it possible to explain foreign investment activities from the point of view of the simultaneous availability in these processes of ownership, location and internalization advantages. As a result of a comparative analysis, the author comes to the following conclusions. In the processes of activity of foreign affiliates of Asian companies in the Czech Republic (as part of the implementation of existing ownership advantages), the following features were identified: concentration on the main field of activity of the parent company; concentration of activity in those industries that are most developed in the Czech Republic (industry agglomeration effect); clustering of affiliates around the leading company and main activity; diversification of the activities of foreign affiliates by supplementing the main activities of the parent company with the activities in related sectors. To explain the weak presence of Chinese MNCs in the Czech market and the more deep activity of South Korean and Japanese MNCs, a “wedge-shaped” foreign market entry was proposed; it is based on the idea of internalization advantages of. The leading company represents a spearhead of the “wedge-shaped” foreign market entry. A large MNC possesses powerful and well-developed ownership advantages. It is the first to enter foreign market in the sector that is main one for its activity in the national market; and it is followed by foreign affiliates operating in the main and related sectors in a kind of expanding “wedge”. It is the penetration that enables MNCs to gain a foothold in the market, leveraging both ownership, location and internalization advantages.

The Impact of Digitalization on the Efficiency of Investment Activity in the Main Sectors of the Ukrainian Economy

The Impact of Digitalization on the Efficiency of Investment Activity in the Main Sectors of the Ukrainian Economy

Investments for sustainable development of regions of the Kyrgyz Republic in a green economy

In this article, we will look at the economic landscape of Kyrgyzstan, the potential benefits and risks of investing in the regions of the country, as well as some strategies for successfully investing in Kyrgyzstan for sustainable development. The main sectors of the country's economy are analyzed regionally, including agriculture, tourism, gold mining and other resources, taking into account the principles of green economy development. Government measures aimed at attracting foreign investment, such as tax breaks and simplification of business registration procedures, are also considered. Thus, attracting foreign investment in sustainable regional development will fundamentally increase the economic effect as a result of the joint use of individual elements of the system. As a result, the presence of economic and political stability of the country, reduction of external debt and attracted green investments will give expected changes in the future, which may affect the investment climate. Therefore, the article will be a valuable source of information for those who are planning to invest in the economy of Kyrgyzstan. Since the regions represent a promising market for investors who are ready to invest their funds in the development of the country’s economy.

Информационно-аналитический базис показателей строительного комплекса донецкой народной республики: важнейший этап формирования системы управления

The article is devoted to the analysis of indicators of the construction complex of the Donetsk People’s Republic for subsequent planning of an effective management system. The study of issues related to the analysis of data from the construction complex is extremely important to-day for several reasons, since construction is one of the main sectors of the economy, which en-sures the development of infrastructure, creates jobs, and influences the formation of the tax base. It is important to understand that data from the construction sector provides insight into the state of the economy as a whole, the dynamics of investment and consumer demand. And finally, studying the indicators of the construction complex allows us to identify promising areas for the development of other areas, assess the efficiency of resource allocation and develop the most op-timal strategies. This is what determined the relevance and purpose of this study. The author examines the main indicators characterizing the state of the construction complex, identifies themost significant indicators, and emphasizes the importance of each of the elements of the con-struction complex: metallurgy and metalworking, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, pro-duction of building materials and non-metallic minerals, construction. The work examined the leading manufacturers of all segments of the construction market in order to determine the scale of activity of enterprises in the Donetsk People's Republic. An expert assessment tool - SWOT analysis - was used to determine the strategic direction of development of the construction com-plex based on studying the information and analytical basis of indicators. As a result of the study, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as threats and opportunities for the construction complex of the Donetsk People's Republic were identified. The results obtained will have important manage-rial consequences and are the basis for the development of further mechanisms for improving the activities of construction enterprises at all levels of management.

Digital transformation of agricultural business processes in the system of factors ensuring food security in Russia

The article examines the concept of food security as a key element of the country’s national security system, describes its tasks in the context of sanctions pressures on the main sectors of the economy, including agriculture. The author’s classification of the factors influencing the provision of food security in Russia is given, their content and dynamics of development are disclosed. The definition of agricultural business processes is given, the classification of their types and decomposition for the sub-sector of field farming with the allocation of precision agriculture is given. The problematic field of practical implementation of the process of digital transformation of the agricultural sector has been identified and the main directions for overcoming it have been outlined.

О характере взаимоотношений различных секторов культуры

The article discusses the most common forms of relationships between the main sectors of culture (religion, science, morality, etc.): «dominance – subordination» and «equality, autonomy». It is shown that the predominance of certain forms of these relationships leads to the formation of various types of culture: monocentric culture, polycentric culture, «patchwork» culture. These types of culture are briefly described below. Such a variant of monocentric culture as a religio-centric culture is characterized in more detail. Special attention is also paid to the consideration of a polycentric culture formed on the basis of higher human values. It is emphasized that it is with such a variant of polycentric culture that humanity, most likely, should pin hopes for a more or less prosperous future.