Main Research Variables Research Articles

Seismic performance of joints in coal ash slag concrete frames

This paper presents experimental investigations on the joints of concrete frame beams and columns with 20% coal ash slag replacing cement. The failure mechanism of concrete frame joints with coal ash slag as a cement replacement is examined, focusing on the impacts of two scenarios—concrete with 20% coal ash slag and ordinary concrete—on the failure mode and seismic performance of beam-column joints, as well as the influence of varying concrete strength grade when the coal ash slag content is 20%. The main research variables are the presence of coal ash slag in the concrete and the concrete strength grade. Findings reveal typical failure modes at the beam-end flexural plastic hinge, progressing through stages of initial cracking, yielding, limit, and failure. Joints without coal ash slag exhibit 10.3–16.2% higher ductility, while those with 20% coal ash slag show a 14% improvement in bearing capacity. The C50 joint with 20% coal ash slag outperformed the C40 joint in bearing and energy dissipation, with robust hysteretic curves meeting seismic requirements. Thus, replacing 20% of cement with coal ash slag enhances durability and seismic performance of concrete components.

The Role of Core Capabilities in the Strategic Balance / An analytical Research in the Central Bank of Iraq

This research aims to investigate the relationship between two variables, namely core capabilities and strategic balance, within the context of the Central Bank of Iraq. The research problem emphasizes the necessity of implementing mechanisms that improve core capabilities to enhance strategic balance within the bank. the study highlights the importance of proposing various strategies to address the research problem, to achieve this, the research was conducted using a sample of 106 administrative leaders out of a total of 109, employing a purposive sampling method according to their positions and the organizational structure. The researcher used a descriptive-analytical approach and employed several statistical tools such as SPSS.V21, AMOSE, and Excel to analyze the relationship between the main research variables and answer the intellectual and applied questions, as well as examine the level of correlation and impact, Regression coefficient, correlation coefficient, mean, standard deviation, and variance were some of the statistical methods used, along with various diagrams and charts to illustrate the relationship between research variables and their sub-dimensions. These findings were then generalized to benefit the researched field, the primary data collection tools used were questionnaires, in addition to unstructured interviews and visits conducted within the Central Bank. The main and sub-hypotheses related to the correlation and impact relationships were tested to answer the research questions and achieve the study's objectives. The results indicated a significant and statistically meaningful influence of core capabilities on strategic balance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the Central Bank prioritize investing in human resources to enhance strategic balance.

How Social Influence Promotes the Adoption of Mobile Health among Young Adults in China: A Systematic Analysis of Trust, Health Consciousness, and User Experience.

As mobile health (mHealth) offers several advantages in healthcare, researchers are exploring the motivational factors for its adoption. However, few studies have elucidated the complex relationship between social influence and behavioral intentions to adopt mHealth among young adults in China. This study explored the impact of social influence on young adults' behavioral intentions to adopt mHealth, the mediating roles of trust and health consciousness, and the moderating effect of mHealth user experience on the relationship between the predictors. In total, 300 valid responses were collected from a university in China, and a research model was developed. The partial least squares structural equation modeling method was used to verify the relationship between the main research variables. mHealth adoption behavioral intentions among young adults were significantly positively impacted by social influence; it indirectly increased mHealth adoption behavioral intentions by positively affecting trust and health consciousness. mHealth use weakened the positive impact of social influence on trust and health consciousness, while user experience positively moderated the relationship between health consciousness and behavioral intentions. Trust and health consciousness play important roles in the complex multivariate relationships between social influence and behavioral intentions to adopt mHealth. Future research should consider the moderating role of the mHealth user experience. These findings enrich the mHealth technology acceptance theory framework and provide specific guidance strategies for marketing mHealth applications.

유아 기질의 부정적 정서성과 수줍음이 취학 전 유아의 학습준비도에 미치는 종단적 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine whether the negative emotionality and shyness of 3-year-old children's temperament have a longitudinal effect on the school readiness of 5-year-old preschool children mediated by sleep problems one year later. Methods Data from 1,415 households in the 5th (2012), 6th (2013), and 7th (2014) years of the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC) conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education were used. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the descriptive statistics and relationships of the main research variables, and structural equation models were analyzed to determine the paths between the variables. Bootstrapping was also conducted to test the significance of the indirect effects. Results It has been found that the negative emotionality of 3-year-old children's temperament not only directly influences the school readiness of preschool children at the age of 5, but also indirectly affects their readiness through mediating the sleeping patterns of children. However, while shyness has a direct impact on preschool children's readiness for learning two years later, its indirect effect was found to be insignificant. Conclusions This study confirmed the longitudinal effects of the negative emotionality and shyness of 3-year-old children's temperament and the children's sleep problems one year later in explaining the school readiness of 5-year-old preschool children. These results can be used to raise the importance of sleep in early childhood and to develop a range of measures to support children's readiness to learn based on their temperament.

The Impact Of Making Organizational Sense On Lean Management : A Descriptive Analytical Research In The Iraqi Ministry Of Education

The idea of ​​organizational sense industry involves how members of organizations reach to understandings about the environment through different behaviors, and how these understandings represent the basis for the nature of subsequent reactions. The organizational sense industry variable represents the independent variable. The lean management approach has become a comprehensive thought applied in all fields and business activities. In order to achieve the best performance through the best outputs. The research aims to highlight the level of general awareness of the educational administrations regarding the nature of the sense making in the institution of the Iraqi educational sector. The research problem is what is the impact level of organizational sense making on solidifying lean management practices in the Iraqi Ministry of Education? The descriptive analytical approach was used to describe and analyze the main research variables. The research sample consisted of 215 participants in middle and top administrative leaders in the education directorates of the Ministry of Education. A group of statistical methods are used, which are the (Amos.V25) program, and the (SPSS) program. Findings revealed the existence of a weakness in the overall base of organizational cultures for the ministry's education directorates in defining the criteria for understanding what is agreed upon or disagreed upon related to the nature of formal and informal behavior in different performance approaches. Paper type: Research paper.

Opportunistic leadership behavior and its impact on the spiritual elevation of employees (An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of decision makers in the General Company for Pastry Manufacturing in Baqubah

The current research aims to address the weaknesses in opportunistic leadership behaviors and thus stay away from threatening positions that weaken that leadership, and in a way that is consistent with the spiritual highness of the employees in the company under investigation. Based on the above, the main research problem can be clarified, which is “Is there a statistically significant correlation and impact between... Opportunistic leadership behavior and the spiritual elevation of employees in the researched company. In light of the main research problem, a hypothetical model was built that reflects the relationship and impact between the main research dimensions and variables, and thus finding the best appropriate solutions to that problem. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach, which gives the possibility of using description in forming a framework. Intellectual and theoretical, the study population was represented by the General Company for Pastry Production in Diyala, where the research community reached 250 individuals representing the decision-makers in the researched company. 80 individuals were selected to represent the research sample from the decision-makers in the researched company. The questionnaire form was distributed in a regular manner to all members of the sample, and all members of the sample were retrieved. The distributed questionnaires enriched the research with important information and data from sources and references related to the theoretical side. As for the field side, reliance was placed on a set of statistical tools, including the questionnaire, the arithmetic mean, and the simple and multiple regression coefficient to stabilize the relationship of correlation and impact. The research reached a set of results and recommendations, the most prominent of which is building successful leadership characteristics from By modifying opportunistic behavior that would eliminate the spiritual highness of workers

The impact of perceived quality, advertising quality, and herding effect on purchase intention: Moderation effect of age

In recent years, with the rapid development of technology, the development trend of online game industry is good. This paper focuses on the online gaming industry and discusses the factors that affect the willingness of Chinese college students to purchase products on gaming platforms. This paper selects consumer perception quality, advertising quality, and herd effect on game platforms as the main research variables through literature review. This paper introduces age as a moderating effect, investigate the moderating mechanism of age groups on the three main research variables. This paper found that both perceived quality and herd effect have a positive impact on consumer purchase intention, while age has a positive moderating effect on herd effect and the combined variables of perceived quality and herd effect. However, advertising quality has no significant impact on consumers' purchase intention, and the moderating effect of age on the impact of advertising quality on purchase intention is not significant. The paper falls into six parts. Firstly, it introduces the background, purpose, significance, conceptual framework, and contribution. Secondly, it introduces the literature review and assumptions. Thirdly, it presents the methodology. Fourth, it introduces the discovery of the study. Fifth, it indicates the discussion and implication. Sixth, it concludes the main points. The innovation lies in the following points. Firstly, this paper focuses on the consumption behavior of Chinese college students in online games. Secondly, this paper incorporates multiple variables mentioned in existing literature into the research mode. Thirdly, this paper introduces age groups as moderating variables.

Revealing the Influence of Green Product Prices on the Green Purchasing Behavior of Young Chinese Consumers A TPB Perspective

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the theoretical framework, this article aims to reveal the impact of green product prices on their purchase decisions by in-depth research on the motivations and influencing factors of green purchasing behavior of young Chinese consumers. First, through a comprehensive definition and characteristic analysis of green consumption behavior, the paper comprehensively understands the attitudes and behaviors of the younger generation in the environmental protection trend. A review of domestic and foreign research progress provides a theoretical basis for the research. In terms of green purchasing behavior among young Chinese consumers, research highlights the influence of their attitudes, social responsibility and social media. Through in-depth analysis of the motivations for green purchases, researchers revealed the importance of factors such as environmental awareness, social responsibility, and individual health awareness. In terms of research methods, a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative data collection method was adopted to construct a scientific and reliable research design. In the sample description and analysis of main research variables, samples with different characteristics are described in detail, and factors such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are analyzed in depth. Finally, through a specific analysis of the impact of each component of TPB on green purchasing behavior, the interrelationship between these factors is revealed, providing profound insights into understanding young consumers' shopping decisions.

Fertility Preservation in Patients With Cancer: Nurses' Views, Experiences, and Perceptions of Benefits and Barriers.

To evaluate nurses' views, experiences, and perceptions of the benefits and barriers to fertility preservation (FP) care for patients with cancer. The sample consisted of 236 nurses who provided care before gonadotoxic treatment for people with cancer in three university hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey, from January to June 2018. The data were collected using a participant information form and the Oncology FP Survey. The main research variables were nurses' views, experiences, and perceptions of benefits and barriers to FP care. Data were evaluated using means, SDs, frequencies, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Patients and their families were informed about FP most of the time. This information was given by physicians about half the time and by nurses less than one-fourth of the time. Mean scores on the Oncology FP Survey were moderate and indicated challenges among nurses in self-confidence, self-awareness of personal limitations, and perceived barriers when providing effective FP care. Nurses face challenges in providing counseling about FP options for patients with cancer and their families. Increasing self-confidence, reducing personal limitations, and decreasing perceived barriers to FP care through appropriate training may improve nurses' ability to provide FP counseling.

The Linkage Between University Students’ Academic Engagement and Academic Support: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital

Purpose: Despite the importance of university students' academic engagement and the role of academic support in facilitating their success, there appears to be a dearth of research investigating the mediating effect of psychological capital in this relationship, highlighting a significant gap in the existing literature. Methodology: This research was quantitative on the basis of the natural and general features and employed a descriptive-correlational approach based on the structural equation model (SEM). The statistical population of the research included all undergraduate students of Farhangian University of Kerman, approximately 2100 students. Out of this statistical population, 677 participants responded to the online survey. The sampling method was convenience sampling and the data was collected in the first semester of the academic year 1401-1402 (From Aban to Azar). Sands and Plunkett’s (2005) academic support scale, Reeve and Tseng’s (2011) academic engagement scale, and Luthans and Avolio’s (2007) psychological capital scale were used to gather data. The statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the validity of the scales used in the Iranian tertiary context. Correlational results indicated that the relationships among main research variables were significant. Findings: Structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated that psychological capital mediated the linkage between academic support and academic engagement (β = 0.58, p < 0.01). The results also revealed that academic support (β = 0.69, p < 0.01) and psychological capital (β = 0.39, p < 0.01) were predictive of university students’ academic engagement. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that providing academic support has the potential to influence students' psychological capital, resulting in their active engagement and participation in educational and learning endeavors. The limitations of this study and the future directions will be discussed.

Validation of the Emotional Responses to Sexual Infidelity Scale in Individuals Affected by Sexual Infidelity

Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate the Emotional Responses to Sexual Infidelity Scale in individuals affected by sexual infidelity. Methods: This research employed a descriptive-analytical validation approach. The statistical population comprised individuals affected by sexual infidelity by their spouses, who sought assistance from psychological counseling centers and the Dispute Resolution Council in the city of Gorgan in 2023. A sample of 415 individuals was selected using a sample size estimation method. Data were collected using the Emotional Responses to Sexual Infidelity Scale developed by Turliuca & Scutarua (2014). After evaluating content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to examine reliability, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was applied for further investigation of the main research variables. Analyses were conducted using SPSS and AMOS24 software. Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis findings demonstrated that the single-factor model of the Emotional Responses to Sexual Infidelity Scale exhibited good fit, based on the following indices: RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91, and IFI = 0.92. The reliability of the 27-item Emotional Responses to Sexual Infidelity Scale was determined to be 0.81 based on Cronbach’s alpha. The content validity of the questionnaire exceeded 0.99. Bartlett’s test yielded a chi-square value of 748.65, degrees of freedom of 105, a significance level of 0.001, and KMO = 0.77. Conclusion: The results indicate that the present scale has favorable psychometric properties for use in the Iranian population of individuals affected by sexual infidelity. It can be employed as a reliable instrument in future research and diagnostic contexts.

STUDENT’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS SERVICES QUALITY OF ZAKAT DISTRIBUTION IN EDUCATION ISTITUTION

The distribution of zakat in Malaysia should be able to reduce poverty in society and help zakat recipients in fulfilling their needs. The study is to know about student’s perception towards services quality of zakat distribution. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of student’s perception towards services quality of zakat distribution and to determine the relationship between tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy towards student’s perception on zakat distribution. A student’s survey questionnaire was utilized as the primary research instrument for this study. The questionnaire for this study consisted of 35 items in three parts that were Part A, Part B and Part C by using the 5 Likert scale. This study involved students in all department at Polytechnic Ungku Omar (PUO) which are from 3rd to 5th semester who receiving zakat in session December 2021 until June 2023. Descriptive analysis for 255 respondents was obtained from questionnaire based on mean of the main research variables. The overall mean of student’s perception is 4.2840, tangibles is 4.0980, reliability is 4.3080, responsiveness is 4.2100, assurance is 4.2820 and empathy is 4.3040. The study shows that medium relationships among responsiveness, reliability, assurance and students’ perception towards services quality of zakat distribution. Therefore, the institution should improve all service quality to gain stronger relationship such as by sending staff to attend courses to be more open in solving problems, training staff to have more skills and be prepared to face the zakat contestants, provide classes and instructors for new staff to be more vulnerable knowledge related to zakat. Thus, students will feel trust and relying solely on the institution. Lastly, the researchers need to expand the number of respondents in order to know more results about zakat perception among students and including more institutions.

Empowerment and quality of life: the mediating role of self-efficacy and health literacy among spousal caregivers in China.

The aim of this study was to explore the chain mediation model of self-efficacy and health literacy between empowerment and quality of life among spousal caregivers of disabled elderly based on 'Marriage Binding'. From December 2020 to June 2022, the cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitals and communities, in Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, China. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic data and four main variables, including empowerment, self-efficacy, health literacy and quality of life. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the four main research variables. Multiple Linear Regression and bootstrap analysis were used to analyze the direct and indirect effects among them. Any two variables of spousal caregivers were correlated among empowerment, self-efficacy, health literacy and quality of life. Self-efficacy and health literacy can separately and sequentially mediate the relationship between empowerment and quality of life. To improve the quality of life of spousal caregivers of disabled elderly, the mediating role of self-efficacy, the mediating role of health literacy and the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and health literacy should take effect. In the future, some intervention studies should be taken to enhance the effects of those variables that may be beneficial for improving quality of life of spousal caregivers of disabled elderly.

Impacting Digital Competence on Entrepreneurial Alertness: An Analytical Research at the Central Bank of Iraq

In the era of the digital economy, public organizations need to consolidation the capabilities of entrepreneurial alertness to reduce the risks of sudden transformations and changes, and to find effective mechanisms to discover and invest in environmental opportunities proactively, as this concern has become a knowledge gap in public sector institutions, the current research aims to identify the role of digital competence in influencing on entrepreneurial alertness in the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI), the descriptive analytical approach was used as a research method to describe and analyze the main research variables. digital competence as an explanatory variable includes three dimensions: digital infrastructure, digital integration, and digital management, while entrepreneurial alertness as a responsive variable comprises three dimensions: scanning and search, association and connection, and evaluation as well as judgment. The research sample included the middle and senior administrative leaders of the CBI through using proportionate stratified random sampling to get a good representation of each class of society (n=125). The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by AMOS were used to analyze the research data. The results indicated that there is a statistically significant positive correlation and influence relationship between the two main research variables and their sub-dimensions. The most important dimensions of digital competence in influence and interest were digital infrastructure and digital management. However, the influence of digital integration on entrepreneurial alertness was insignificant in the CBI.
 
 Paper type: Research paper.

Evaluation of Imtasie Health Education Model Based on Kaili Culture to Improve Mother's Behavior in Exclusive Breasting

Evaluating the health education model on exclusive breastfeeding behavior as a basis for the success of the target of achieving exclusive breastfeeding through the implementation of a tested culture-based health education model. This research is quantitative. A total of 84 people who were divided into two groups, namely 42 people in the intervention group and 42 people in the control group were taken purposively according to the inclusion criteria. The intervention group received IMTASIE health education. Evaluate the health education model quantitatively with a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with a control group. Data was collected during the pre-test, intervention, and post-test. All data is collected by coaching nurses. The main research variables include myths, culture, knowledge, attitudes, practices and behavior of exclusive breastfeeding. The results of the quantitative study of the developed IMTASIE model had a significant effect on the practice of breastfeeding for 1 month with a p value of 0.001 (<0.05). There is a significant effect with a p value = 0.001 from the interventions carried out by nurses on increasing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 1 month of life. IMTASIE and its tools can be used in nursing care services individually or in groups and can be carried out in the community or at puskesmas in improving special group nursing care services and improving the quality of life of mothers and babies at an age prone to exclusive breastfeeding due to the influence of myths, culture and knowledge from family.

Examination of the Relationship and Role of Situational and Product-Related Factors on Impulse Buying Behavior of Sports Product Consumers

Objective: This study examined the situational factors and product-related factors influencing the impulse buying behavior of consumers of sports products. Methodology: The present study employed a survey method, with the research population consisting of customers of sports stores. Since this study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM), the principles for determining sample size in multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the sample size in SEM. A total of 598 participants were selected as the statistical sample through simple random and convenience sampling methods. The impulse buying behavior scale for sports consumers consisted of 19 items related to two main research variables and the impulse buying variable, comprising a total of three variables. Responses were rated on a five-point Likert scale continuum. All analyses were conducted at a 95% confidence level using SPSS and LISREL statistical packages. Findings: The findings of this study confirmed the causal relationship between situational factors and product-related factors with the impulse buying behavior of sports product customers. Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that the intelligent combination of situational and product-related factors can help improve the shopping experience and increase sales in the sports product market. Companies can influence consumer decision-making by leveraging these factors, encouraging them to make immediate and impulsive purchases, ultimately leading to business growth and development.

Investigating the effectiveness of employing clinical faculty members in the shift work system during the Covid-19 pandemic in Iran: A cross-sectional study.

Having an accurate attitude about shift work and choosing the right people to work in the shift work system increases organizational productivity and improves the employees' life quality. Consequently, the current research investigates the effectiveness of employing clinical faculty members in the shift work system during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this descriptive study, 71 Iranian clinical faculty members with a history of shift work (night shift) during the Covid-19 pandemic participated. Circadian Type Inventory (CTI) was used to collect data. Based on the results of this research (Flexible/Rigid = Mean ± SD = 2.47 ± 18.17) and (Languid/Vigorous = Mean ± SD = 2.89 ± 15.35) which revealed that although clinical faculty members in normal conditions can overcome the feeling of sleepiness due to lack of sleep, they are not flexible and cannot work in the shift work system with the ability to stay awake at unusual times of the day or night. Pearson's correlation coefficient test also showed that as the value of the Languid/Vigorous component increases, the value of the Flexible/Rigid component also increases (r = 0.410). Likewise, there was no significant relationship between the main research variables and demographic characteristics. Clinical faculty members who are simultaneously responsible for the duties of teaching students, research, and treating patients, if they are employed in a shift work system, especially during the pandemic, it may lead to a decrease in the quality of teaching, lack of motivation in research and indifference towardstudents' affairs, reducing flexibility, inability to update what they have learned in the professional world, increasing medical errors and also reducing their ability to manage the class. Consequently, it is suggested to avoid using them in the shift work systems as much as possible.

Experimental evaluation on seismic performance of multi-celled corrugated-plate CFST walls

In modern engineering applications, composite walls have drawn much attention owing to their good mechanical properties and standardized production. In this study, the multi-celled corrugated-plate CFST wall (MCCW) was studied experimentally and numerically as an innovative type of composite wall in engineering structures. Seven full-scaled MCCW specimens were tested, in which axial force ratios and sectional dimensions were considered as the main research variables. The typical deformation modes were classified and discussed, and the global buckling mode was observed after the load-carrying capacity dropped to 85% of the ultimate load for the specimens with axial force ratios of 0.55 and 0.65. In addition, the load-bearing capacity, ductility, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of these specimens were evaluated in detail. The ductility factors of almost all specimens were greater than 3.0, and the final equivalent damping coefficients of all specimens exceeded 0.3. The key design parameters including axial force ratio and width of end steel tube were recommended for practical application of MCCWs. Furthermore, a finite element (FE) model was established and validated by test results. In general, this study can provide valuable references for practical designs of MCCW members under seismic effects.

New method to decrease the air recirculation of mechanical draft wet cooling tower group by increasing height of fan duct

The air recirculation will increase the temperature and moisture content of air entering the mechanical draft wet cooling tower group (MCT group) and seriously reduce the cooling capacity. This study proposes to increase the height of the fan duct to reduce air recirculation. The aerodynamic field outside the MCT group is reconstructed to improve the cooling capacity of MCT group. A 3D model is established to explain the influence mechanism of air recirculation and the change of the thermal performance of MCT group. The main research variables are crosswind speed and direction. The numerical results show that, after the retrofit, the air recirculation rate of leeward MCT is reduced by 10.9 % on average and 16.0 % at most under the crosswind angle of 0°, 16.8 % mean and 25.0 % maximum under 45°, 1.0 % average and 2.0 % at most under 90°. The water temperature drop is increased by 0.5 °C on average and 0.8 °C at most under 0°, 0.7 °C mean and 1.1 °C maximum under 45°, 0.1 °C on average and 0.2 °C at most under 90°, compared to original MCT group.

Influence of layout pattern on thermal performance of mechanical draft wet cooling tower group

Mechanical draft wet cooling tower group is often arranged the back-to-back (back-to-back MCT group). However, the thermal performance of back-to-back MCT group will be weakened under crosswind. To resist the adverse effects of crosswind, an annular MCT group is proposed. A 3D model is established to compare the two types of MCT groups. The main research variables are ambient wind speed and direction. The results show that the outlet water temperature of the annular MCT group is lower than that of the back-to-back MCT group under windless or crosswind. The annular MCT group mainly improves the thermal performance of the leeward MCT, and the fluctuation range of outlet water temperature of each MCT in the annular MCT group is reduced. The water temperature drop of the annular MCT group is about 0.3 °C higher than that of the back-to-back MCT group under windless. Under crosswind, the improvement effect is most obvious under the crosswind angle of 45° with the increase of circulating water temperature drop of 0.8 °C on average. That is least under the crosswind angle of 90° with the increase of circulating water temperature drop of 0.3 °C on average.