Main Problems Research Articles

The Main Problems of the Real Estate Market Functioning in the Republic of Korea

The article examines the problems of the functioning of the real estate market of this country on the basis of official data of the Statistical Bureau, the Civil and Housing Codes of the Republic of Korea. The paper considers the features of state regulation of ownership of real estate. The calculation of the level of urbanization and the coefficient of specialization according to the level of development of the real estate market of the regions of the Republic of Korea is carried out. The indicators characterizing the availability of real estate are presented, as well as the rating of regions by the level of development of the real estate market. The main problems include: the high cost of real estate, the low percentage of the population owning real estate, large regional differences in the level of development of the real estate market, identified regions where the purchase or rental of real estate is disproportionate to the income received. The article includes author’s maps illustrating the results of the study.

Factors associated with oral health service utilization among young people in southern China

ObjectivesTo identify the patterns and influencing factors of oral health service utilization among college students, and further to provide scientific evidence for policy making on oral health education and behavioral interventions for the college population.MethodsThe study population was college students in Southern China. Totally 678 students participated in the survey. A self-designed questionnaire based on Anderson’s model (predisposing factors, enabling factors, need factors) was used to survey college students. Descriptive statistics, χ2 test, and logistic regression were used to analyze influence factors of oral health service utilization among college students.ResultsThe utilization rate of oral health service in the past 12 months was 30.2%. The primary type of oral health service was treatment (59.6%), and only 12.8% were for prevention. There were 39% of the participants having oral health diseases, of which dental caries (25.7%) and oral bleeding (22.2%) were the main problems. The results from logistic regression analysis revealed that students with better beliefs (OR = 1.84, 95% CI:=1.02–3.43), frequent consumption of sugary drinks (OR = 2.90, 95% CI:=1.90–4.47), teeth brushing frequency > = 2 times per day (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.24–3.61), frequent floss utilization (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.21–5.76), dental caries (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.35–3.17) used oral health services higher, while those lived in rural areas (OR:0.52, 95% CI = 0.34–0.80), and had only a fair concern (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.31–0.74) or no concern (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08–0.67) on oral health utilized oral health services lower.ConclusionsChinese college students demonstrate some knowledge and attitudes towards oral health. However, they tend to neglect oral hygiene and have limited understanding of their own oral issues. Furthermore, the utilization of oral services, such as treatment, remains remarkably low, despite the availability of long-term and favorable health insurance policies. The utilization of oral health services among college students is influenced by various factors, including residing in rural areas, consuming sugary beverages on a daily basis, brushing teeth at least twice a day, and practicing flossing.

Development of technology for the production of all-purpose buckwheat malt using plasmochemically activated aqueous solutions

The result of the conducted research is the development of buckwheat malt production technology using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions. Buckwheat grain with high starch content became the object of research. The main technological problem is obtaining high-quality brewing malt suitable for the production of gluten-free beer. The expediency of using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions as an intensifier of the process of germination of buckwheat grains and an effective disinfectant of buckwheat malt has been experimentally proven. It is shown that the use of plasma chemical activation of technological solutions allows to speed up the process of moistening of buckwheat grain by more than 2 times. The energy and germination capacity of buckwheat grains, when using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions, underwent positive changes. The effect of increasing the energy of germination was from 8 to 14 %, and the ability to germinate was 2–9 %. The amylolytic activity of buckwheat malt was analyzed, an increase in amylolytic activity in the range of 30–77 units/g was noted. The extractability of buckwheat malt was investigated separately. This indicator increased by 2–9 % depending on the concentration of peroxides in the solution. The Kolbach index also increased by 2–10 %, which indicates an intensive course of proteolysis. The total amount of amino acids in the experimental samples increased by 619 mg/100 g. There was a significant decrease in the viscosity of the wort, which indicates the high solubility of the obtained buckwheat malt. The technology can be applied in the industrial production of brewing malt and sprouted buckwheat grain of functional purpose. The developed buckwheat malting technology will receive priority in the production of environmentally friendly buckwheat malts of universal purpose that are not contaminated with pathogenic microflora

Analysis of Road Infrastructure Problems in Urban City, Karachi

Road infrastructure is a significant part of the economic development of countries. Better performance of road communication system is significant part of all over the world. Developed countries make a significant effort for designing a well-managed traffic arrangement for the individuals. Furthermore, an efficient transport system is the key element for improving the country's economic conditions. Sustainable and efficient traffic management system is the backbone for humanizing the economic growth of developing countries. In case of Pakistan, Karachi is the main industrial hub for whole country's economy and accommodates enormous number of migrants. Due to this reason the population of city is increasing day by day. This paper presents the current situation of road infrastructure troubles in Karachi. The urban city is facing several numbers of issues that were already documented by researchers such as traffic congestion and road safety problems. On an urgent basis an efficient mass transit system is required to reduce the traffic jam conditions. The transport system of Karachi requires instant proper management rules and designed transport facilities. The aim of the paper is to identify the main traffic problems of the large urban city, Karachi, which is faced by the people in their daily life and to suggest recommendations for reducing the current situation related to traffic management strategies. The research methodology for this paper will be based on qualitative analysis of the road infrastructure troubles that are identified by the individuals through interviews and detailed group meetings.

Devising a technique for measuring torque of electric motors using machine vision

The object of research is the technique for measuring torques of electric motors. The main problem to be solved is the need to expand the range of informative parameters used in transmission torque converters of electric motors. This need arises from the design complications of placing the measuring devices directly on the motor shaft. As part of the study, a system was designed for determining the torques of electric motors, which combines the procedure for assessing the load on the shaft and software tools for visually determining the quantitative characteristics of such a load using machine vision. In order to acquire visual characteristics of the twisting of the shaft, a special coupling with an insert containing a liquid was designed. This coupling is able to change its shape in proportion to the load on electric motor shaft. The proposed visual control system, based on video information processing techniques, makes it possible to analyze changes in the shape of the coupling caused by the action of the torque. Features of the application of the proposed measurement technique are that there is no need to place electronic components of the measuring transducer directly on the shaft. Due to the specified features, the proposed procedure provides a solution to the problems of torque measurement in aggressive environments, which is of crucial importance for the efficiency of some specific production processes. Analysis of the visual characteristics of torque showed that the proposed approach could be applied in measuring transducers. At the same time, the results of testing the procedure confirmed that it requires the use of high-precision video recording equipment. This paves the way for the design of new, more modern, and reliable measurement systems that could be used in a wide range of industrial solutions

Determining the thermally-stressed state of motor-driven bowls for transporting liquid slag

Slag bowls were chosen as the object of research, as important components of blast furnace, steelmaking, and ferroalloy shops of metallurgical enterprises. The main problem of operation of any slag trucks is their limited durability and frequent destruction of slag bowls. The reason for these problems is changes in the shape of the bowls during operation, manifested in the formation of narrowing places in the area of the support ring – for rail-mounted bowls, destruction of supporting pins – for rail-mounted slag trucks, or cracks in the walls. Those defects appear as a result of cyclic thermal effects of liquid slag on the bowl. Based on the results of computer simulation, it was established that the main role in the destruction of the support pins of motor-driven slag bowls belongs to temperature changes. The temperature stresses arising in the bowl are localized in the area of the slag mirror (200–250 MPa for 25L steel, 280–350 MPa for 30HML steel). The results provide grounds for improving the presented slag bowl to reduce temperature stresses in its walls and structures of the supporting trunnions. The results reported here are explained by the fact that with uneven heating of elastic bodies, temperature stresses appear, which, under certain configurations of temperature loads, lead to the destruction of structures. The findings from these studies are recommended to be used at enterprises for the design and manufacture of slag bowls, as information on the localization of dangerous places of the structure. In addition, the data presented here could be useful for metallurgical enterprises for detailed technical diagnosis of bowls in their dangerous places

Модель социальной политики в современной России

This article analyzes the modern model of social policy in the Russian Federation. It examines the main prob-lems and directions of development of social institutions in the context of strategic tasks for building a socially oriented state. The research focuses on the need to integrate global experience and national peculiarities to form an effective system of social protection. Particular attention is paid to the proposal of a model of social policy focused on achieving social justice and improving the social security system in accordance with constitu-tional principles and guarantees. The central element of the proposed model is the strengthening of social guarantees in key sectors, including healthcare, education, labor relations, and social insurance. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of ensuring sustainable social development and improving the quality of life of the population.

Combating plastic pollution in international law: <i>lex lata</i> and <i>lex ferenda</i>

INTRODUCTION. Global plastic production has increased from 1.5 million tons in 1950 to 390 million tons in 2021, of which only 9 % was recycled, 19 % was incinerated, almost 50 % was disposed of in landfills and 22 % was dumped in landfills, where this waste could be openly burned or released back into the environment. Plastics have changed the global economy and the lives of billions of people for the better. However, their use comes with significant environmental and social costs. Plastic waste negatively affects human health and the environment. The life cycle of plastics covers the entire spectrum of activities, from raw material extraction, production, distribution, use, to disposal as waste, and environmental problems can arise at any stage of the plastic life cycle. Most plastic degrades very slowly in the environment. There are currently a number of international commitments to reduce marine litter and plastic waste, particularly from land-based sources, and several applicable international agreements and soſt law instruments related to trade in plastics or reducing impacts on marine life. However, none of the international documents provides a global, mandatory, specific and measurable target to reduce plastic pollution. In this regard, many states, as well as commercial actors and civil society, are calling for the adoption of a global instrument to regulate marine pollution from litter and plastics. In this article, significant attention is paid to the analysis of a future treaty aimed at combating plastic pollution.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study is based on the analysis of a large volume of materials, including international legal acts, advisory acts, as well as modern doctrinal studies by Russian and foreign authors. The methodological basis of the study was general scientific (method of logical and system analysis, dialectical method, methods of deduction and induction) and special scientific (historical-legal, comparative-legal, formal legal methods, method of legal modeling and forecasting) methods of cognition.RESEARCH RESULTS. In the course of the study, various international acts of a mandatory and recommendatory nature were analyzed, the doctrinal positions set out in the scientific literature, put forward by domestic and foreign legal scholars, were summarized, and the main problems of combating plastic pollution were identified.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Within the framework of this article, an attempt has been made to give answers to the following questions: to what extent the problem of plastic pollution is an important challenge for modern international law, whether current international law effectively regulates the problem of plastic pollution, what should be the content of a new treaty on plastic and what are the positions of states on its content.

Implementation of Passive Leg Movement on Blood Pressure in Post-Op Laparatomy Exploration Patient

Background: Management of secretions is one of the main problems faced in the medical condition of respiratory disorders. The use of complementary therapy techniques to treat airway clearance such as the active cycle of breathing technique is still low when compared with other interventions in treating respiratory problems. Aims: The research aims to determine the effectiveness of providing active cycle of breathing technique therapy to overcome nursing problems ineffectiveness airway clearance in nursing care. Method: This type of research is a case study using nursing care methods. The research sample was patients treated in the Catleya room at Dr. Soebandi Jember Hospital. Patients are given nursing intervention in the form of therapy active cycle of breathing technique for 4 consecutive days 2 times a day for 15-20 minutes with 4 cycles. Results: providing active cycle of breathing technique therapy can reduce nursing problems ineffectiveness airway clearance. Providing active cycle of breathing technique therapy effectively shows improvements in conditions such as improved respiratory frequency, reduced shortness of breath, and decreased sputum production. Conclusion: providing active cycle of breathing technique therapy effectively solve nursing problems ineffectiveness airway clearance.

Active Cycle of Breathing Technique: The Right Choice for Ineffective Airway Clearance Nursing Problem

Background: Management of secretions is one of the main problems faced in the medical condition of respiratory disorders. the use of complementary therapy techniques to treat airway clearance such as the active cycle of breathing technique is still low when compared with other interventions in treating respiratory problems. Aims: The research aims to determine the effectiveness of providing active cycle of breathing technique therapy to overcome nursing problems ineffectiveness airway clearance in nursing care. Method: This type of research is a case study using nursing care methods. The research sample was patients treated in the Catleya room at Dr. Soebandi Jember Hospital. Patients are given nursing intervention in the form of therapy active cycle of breathing technique for 4 consecutive days 2 times a day for 15-20 minutes with 3 cycles. Results: providing active cycle of breathing technique therapy can reduce nursing problems ineffectiveness airway clearance. Providing active cycle of breathing technique therapy effectively shows improvements in conditions such as improved respiratory frequency, reduced shortness of breath, and decreased sputum production. Conclusion: providing active cycle of breathing technique therapy effectively solve nursing problems ineffectiveness airway clearance.

Horizontal Learning Approach to Discover Association Rules

Association rule learning is a machine learning approach aiming to find substantial relations among attributes within one or more datasets. We address the main problem of this technology, which is the excessive computation time and the memory requirements needed for the processing of discovering the association rules. Most of the literature pertaining to the association rules deals extensively with these issues as major obstacles, especially for very large databases. In this paper, we introduce a method that requires substantially lowers the run time and memory requirements in comparison to the methods presently in use (reduction from O(2m) to O2m2 in the worst case).

Study on precursor information and disaster mechanism of sudden change of seepage in mining rock mass

Abstract Changes in the stress field and seepage field of mining unloading are one of the important causes of deformation and destabilization of the rock body of the bottom slab. With the increase of mining intensity and depth, the disaster of water influx on the bottom plate under the dual action of mining unloading and pressurized water has become one of the main problems restricting the efficient and safe mining of coal. Based on the research background of confined water inrush from Ordovician limestone floor in North China Coalfield, the numerical analysis revealed that mining unloading concentrates stresses, increases deformation, and increases the plastic zone and permeability range. Based on laboratory acoustic emission and mechanical tests, it is found that the peak of acoustic emission ringing number can be one of the precursor information of limestone seepage mutation. This study reveals the evolution law of rock body deformation and permeability under the unloading path, and the research obtains the unloading seepage and water gushing disaster mechanism of the subgrade rock body.

Nutrition of preschoolers and junior schoolchildren: trends, problems and search for ways of optimization

Nutrition is one of the key factors shaping and determining the health of children in all periods of childhood. Rational nutrition provides adequate development of children’s organism, contributes to the prevention of a wide range of diseases, while nutritional imbalance affects not only physical health, but also all spheres of life activity. The article presents generalized data on the factors that ensure the formation of nutritional behavior of the child, discusses the issues of age physiology of preschool and school age, the peculiarities of the organization of nutrition, taking into account the attendance of educational institutions. The main trends and problems in the nutrition of children 3–10 years old are presented, as well as possible ways to solve them. The article discusses the possibilities of preventive interventions in case of unbalanced diet and/or increased nutrient requirements of the organism through the correction of diet, lifestyle and the use of combined vitamin and mineral complexes and biologically active additives both to ensure the physiological needs of the child’s organism and in the situation of deficiency.

Optimization and regulation of catalytic activity and stability: Pt–Ni diamond-shaped pearl nanochains with core-shell structure as high-efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

The low utilization efficiency and poor stability of carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/C) catalyst are two main problems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), which can improve the catalytic performance by forming alloys and precisely regulating morphology and structures. Here, we introduced a simple and direct method for synthesizing Pt–Ni diamond-shaped pearl nanochains (Pt–Ni DP-NCs) as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The alloying with Ni could enhance the catalytic activity, but because of leaching out of Ni during the cathodic reaction process, which causes a poor stability. To achieve the optimal point for both high activity and robust stability, a portion of Ni is selectively etched from Pt–Ni DP-NCs precursor in advance. During the process of de-alloying, Pt atoms with high catalytic activity are exposed to the surface of the nanochain after atomic rearrangement, thus obtaining Pt–Ni etched diamond-shaped pearl nanochains (Pt–Ni EDP-NCs) with 1D core-shell structure, which consisted of Pt–Ni as the core and Pt as the shell. Benefitting from the unique 1D core-shell structure and composition, Pt–Ni EDP-NCs-9 (etched for 9 h) exhibits high catalytic activity and robust stability for ORR. The mass activity of the sample Pt–Ni EDP-NCs-9 is 0.43 A/mgPt, which is 1.65 times higher than that of the Pt–Ni DP-NCs (0.26 A/mgPt), and 2.05 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.21 A/mgPt). In addition, the 1D core-shell structure enables Pt–Ni EDP-NCs to be highly stable, which only lost by 8.6% of mass activity after 10,000 long cycles, whereas Pt–Ni DP-NCs suffers from a 34% loss under the same conditions. This work provides a strategic approach for designing efficient Pt-based catalysts that simultaneously modulate activity and stability.

Sosialisasi Peraturan Permainan Bola Basket Bagi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama

The socialization of basketball game rules in junior high schools throughout Gorontalo City was carried out to overcome the main problem of the need for more understanding by students who are active in basketball extracurriculars regarding the latest rule changes. This service aims to convey the latest regulations to junior high school students in Gorontalo City, predominantly male and female students who are active in basketball extracurriculars. The socialization activity lasted for 7 days, from 4 to 10 January 2024, at SMPN 2 Gorontalo City, involving 50 junior high school students throughout Gorontalo City as respondents. Measuring students' understanding of the rules of the basketball game was carried out using a questionnaire, and the results of data analysis showed that 80% of students really understood, 16% understood, and 4% quite understood the rules of the game. Therefore, the participants have a good understanding of aspects such as how to play, the basics of the game, and the rules of the basketball game.

Methodological aspects of investment and construction projects management based on IPD, BIM, LEAN. Foreign experience

Overexpenditure of cost and time resources is one of the most significant problems, and cost certainty is one of the key goals of the construction industry in Russia. Using the method of an analytical review of documents, the main problems of the European construction sector that exist in the process of its digital transformation were identified and characterized. Research has shown that the interdisciplinary synergy of BIM (Building Information Model, digital information model), Lean (lean manufacturing) and IPD (Integrated Project Delivery, integrated project execution) can benefit an investment and construction project (ICP) throughout its entire life cycle . However, such a synergetic approach is not currently applied in Russian projects. The article examines the impact of innovative international strategies for implementing COI and examines the obstacles to the implementation of these strategies in Russia.3 key takeaways:1) review of COI contracts to achieve the greatest synergy and increase trust between stakeholders;2) the BIM mandate is important to encourage the use of modern construction methodology in all ISPs in Russia;3) search for innovative methods of changing traditional thinking about construction.Consideration of three main ideas will accelerate the implementation of COI in Russia, leading to better results in the short, medium and long term for all stakeholders.

Using N-I-N Photodiodes Made of Perovskite Single Crystals for Low Noise Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy.

Solution-processed lead halide perovskite single crystals (LHPSCs) are believed to have great potential in gamma-ray spectroscopy. However, obtaining low-defect LHPSCs from a solution at low temperatures is difficult compared to obtaining Bridgman single crystals such as CdTe and Si. Herein, noise from the intrinsic defects of LHPSCs is considered as the main problem hindering their gamma-ray detection performance. By isolating the defect-induced holes in LHPSCs via energy barriers, we show that NIN photodiodes based on three types of LHPSCs, i.e., MAPbBr3 (MA = CH3NH3), MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5, and cascade LHPSCs, have demonstrated good energy resolution in the range of 6.7-10.3% for 662 keV 137Cs gamma-ray photons. The noise for >10 mm3 devices is low, in the order of 340-860 electrons, and the electron collection efficiency reaches 23-43%. These results pave the way for obtaining low-cost, large, high energy-resolution gamma-ray detectors at room temperature (300 K).

ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF TWO-STEP APPROACH TO PROVIDING DESIRED PARAMETERS IN LOSSY IMAGE COMPRESSION

The object of the study is the process of lossy image compression. The subject of the study is the two-step approach to providing desired parameters (quality and compression ratio) for different coders. The goals of the study are to review advantages of the two-step approach to lossy compression, to analyze the reasons of drawbacks, and to put forward possible ways to get around these shortcomings. Methods used: linear approximation, numerical simulation, statistical analysis. Results obtained: 1) the considered approach main advantage is that, in most applications, it provides substantial improvement of accuracy of providing a desired value of a controlled compression parameter after the second step compared to the first step; 2) the approach is quite universal and can be applied for different coders and different parameters of lossy compression to be provided; 3) the main problems and limitations happen due to the use of linear approximation and essential difference in behavior of rate/distortion curves for images of different complexity; 4) there are ways to avoid the approach drawbacks that employ adaptation to image complexity and/or use certain restrictions at the second step. Conclusions: based on the results of the study, it is worth 1) considering more complex approximations of rate-distortion curves; 2) paying more attention to adequate and fast algorithms of characterizing image complexity before compression; 3) using quality metrics that have quasi-linear rate/distortion curves for a given coder.

Dual-Ligand Red Perovskite Ink for Electrohydrodynamic Printing Color Conversion Arrays over 2540 dpi in Near-Eye Micro-LED Display.

The lack of stability of red perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) remains the main problem that restricts their patterning application. In this work, the dual-ligand passivation strategy was introduced to stabilize PeNCs and inhibit their halogen ion migration during high-voltage electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing. The as-printed red arrays exhibit the highest emisson intensity and least blue shift compared with samples with other passivation strategies under a high electric field during EHD inkjet printing. Combining with blue and green PeNC inks, single-color and tricolor color conversion layer arrays were successfully printed, with minimum pixel size of 5 μm and the highest spatial resolution of 2540 dpi. The color coordinate of CsPbBrI2 NCs arrays are located close to the red point, with a color gumat of 97.28% of Rec. 2020 standard. All of these show great potential in the application of color conversion layers in a near-eye micro-LED display.

Sustainable educational tourism and the acculturation of international students from the Global South

PurposeThe aim of this study is to understand the acculturation experiences of international students in order to maximize their academic and social experiences which, in turn, can facilitate the development of sustainable educational tourism in the host country.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative methodology and semi-structured interview techniques, 40 international postgraduate tourism students from the Global South were interviewed.FindingsThe findings in this study demonstrated that the main problems faced by these students are inadequate funds and language difficulties.Originality/valueThis study highlighted the fact that although the number of international students is growing all over the world, for most of the students from poorer parts of the world, being an international student is fraught with difficulties. It also demonstrated that although acculturation stress is a serious concern, lack of adequate funding assumes greater importance for students from a poor background.