Main Problems Research Articles

Criminal Legal Protection for Bona Fide Third Parties Over Assets in Corruption and Money Laundering Cases

Criminal law in Indonesia has yet to guarantee justice and human rights of bona fide (good faith) third parties in protecting their confiscated assets in corruption and money laundering cases. Criminal procedural law is inadequate in providing assessments for bona fide third parties. Therefore, Economics and Anthropology are needed in the investigation stage up to the evidentiary stage during trials. In this research, the main problems are formulated as follows: (1) what is the concept, definition, and scope of the assets of third parties in good faith in the laws and regulations in Indonesia? (2) how is the application of legal provisions regarding the protection of third parties with good intentions in corruption and money laundering? (3) what is the ideal role of the Public Prosecutor and Judge in protecting the property of a third party with good intentions in the criminal justice system? Normative law research conducted in this article showed that (1) the concept and understanding of bona fide third parties in civil law can be adopted in criminal law; (2) the application of legal protection to bona fide third parties over their assets in corruption and money laundering cases still depends on the moral goodness of law enforcement officials; and (3) investigators, prosecutors, and judges play an important role in protecting the human rights of bona fide third parties in corruption and money laundering cases.

SISTEM CARI AMBULANCE MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA A-STAR

Ambulance Search System Using the A* (Star) Algorithm, Yanti Feronika, Ambulance is a transportation unit provided by the hospital. One of them is in the city of Makassar which provides ambulance services. the journey to the hospital. Despite the rapid development of technology, there are several main problems that people often complain about today, namely when evacuating emergency patients using ambulances, but the issue of distance/route is still a problem for everyone who wants to visit the hospital. With the development of existing technology, a method for determining the closest route was introduced. Currently it has been widely applied in various navigation applications. The process of calculating the closest route is the process of finding the smallest of a route from the initial node to the destination node in a network. This study uses the A* algorithm to determine the closest route. After the calculation process is carried out using the A-Star algorithm formula with a different route notation, the results of the calculation of the closest route from the starting point to the destination point have a value on the route with the notation "A-B-C-D-EF-G" with a total f(n) of 1,550.84. Then compare the suitability between finding the nearest route manually and using the system or application.

Economy in Indonesia Domestic Economic Resilience Through UMKM

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises as pillars of the Indonesian economy have had a very significant impact in facing the economic downturn due to the prolonged Covid-19 pandemic. The resilience of UMKM in a crisis will affect the survival of UMKM, so appropriate strategies are needed to strengthen the resilience of UMKM. Some of the main problems faced by MSMEs in Indonesia during the pandemic are decreasing income, changes in consumer behavior, low levels of digitalization readiness, and financial aspects which are the main problems during the pandemic. Entrepreneurial characteristics, use of technology, and government support play an important role in strengthening the resilience of UMKM.

THE USE OF GIS FOR ECOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE LAND MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

The issue of forming an analytical and informational base for management decisions in the field of land affairs is particularly relevant given the global trend of systemic social transformations. It requires active implementation of the latest information technologies. The study aims to comprehensively analyze the aspects of using geographic information systems (GIS) for ecological and landscape land management of human settlements. The research was carried out using general scientific methods of cognition: logical and structural analysis, induction and deduction, comparison, abstraction, specification, generalization, and formalization. The article investigates the basics of GIS and variations of their implementation in the field of land management. It highlights the main provisions and algorithmic structure of the process. The authors described the typical features of modern GIS technologies and their capabilities in the spheres of mapping, monitoring, and other aspects of land management. The main problems, challenges, and achievements of the GIS utilization process are considered. It has been determined that the effective utilization of GIS capabilities is a promising priority area for optimizing the land utilization system. The practical significance of the findings of this paper is manifested in the feasibility of using them in developing suitable programs to improve the efficiency of ecological and landscape land management of settlements. Also, the study's results can be used to form a universal effective model of GIS technologies application during the process of land utilization management.

Strategic determinants of international economic activity development in the context of digitization

Due to the rapid development of digital technologies, the international economic sphere is facing significant changes and challenges. Digital innovations are permeating all aspects of business, from management to marketing, from logistics to customer communication. One of the key determinants of this process is constant technological progress, which stimulates the adoption of new tools and strategies. Enterprises operating in the international market are compelled to adapt to this new environment by improving their processes, optimizing production, and enhancing efficiency. Digital technologies enable the automation of many processes, making businesses more flexible and competitive. However, along with the advantages of digitization come new challenges. Cybersecurity becomes increasingly relevant as companies must protect their data from cyber attacks and information leaks. Regulatory issues are also becoming more complex, as the legal environment does not always keep pace with the speed of technological development. Moreover, ethical questions arise regarding the use of personal data and the impact of technologies on society. The article highlights the main strategic determinants and drivers that contribute to the development of international economic activity in the context of digitization. It synthesizes a range of factors and forces that encourage the adoption and integration of digital technologies and practices across various sectors of the global economy. It is demonstrated that the driving forces of digitization in international economic activity are interconnected and reinforce each other, while technological progress shapes a new paradigm of consumer behavior and expectations, stimulating demand for further technological innovations. The main problems and challenges faced by enterprises in the global market in the context of digitization are analyzed and summarized. In the digital age, it is important to have an open mind and be prepared for constant change. Enterprises that successfully integrate digital technologies into their strategy can gain a significant competitive advantage in the international market. However, this requires continuous improvement and readiness for innovation. Keywords: digitization, digital economy, globalization, organizational and economic support, international economic activity.

Systematic computational hunting for small RNAs derived from ncRNAs during dengue virus infection in endothelial HMEC-1 cells.

In recent years, a population of small RNA fragments derived from non-coding RNAs (sfd-RNAs) has gained significant interest due to its functional and structural resemblance to miRNAs, adding another level of complexity to our comprehension of small-RNA-mediated gene regulation. Despite this, scientists need more tools to test the differential expression of sfd-RNAs since the current methods to detect miRNAs may not be directly applied to them. The primary reasons are the lack of accurate small RNA and ncRNA annotation, the multi-mapping read (MMR) placement, and the multicopy nature of ncRNAs in the human genome. To solve these issues, a methodology that allows the detection of differentially expressed sfd-RNAs, including canonical miRNAs, by using an integrated copy-number-corrected ncRNA annotation was implemented. This approach was coupled with sixteen different computational strategies composed of combinations of four aligners and four normalization methods to provide a rank-order of prediction for each differentially expressed sfd-RNA. By systematically addressing the three main problems, we could detect differentially expressed miRNAs and sfd-RNAs in dengue virus-infected human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Although more biological evaluations are required, two molecular targets of the hsa-mir-103a and hsa-mir-494 (CDK5 and PI3/AKT) appear relevant for dengue virus (DENV) infections. Here, we performed a comprehensive annotation and differential expression analysis, which can be applied in other studies addressing the role of small fragment RNA populations derived from ncRNAs in virus infection.

Critical Points Concerning Artisanal Fishing: an Analysis from the Perspective of Artisanal Fishers in Southeastern Brazil

In Southeastern Brazil, artisanal fishing communities reside, operate and suffer from interference originating from various economic branches. Thus, this study is aimed at identifying the critical points concerning the practice of artisanal fishing from the traditional knowledge of artisanal fishers in the coastal mesoregion of ES. 102 ethnographic interviews were conducted in 2022 with artisanal fishers through a semistructured questionnaire containing both open and closed questions. The critical points of fishing were identified through a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats). All the participants were men (n=102; 100%), and they reported that negative critical points (weaknesses and threats) exert the greatest influence on fishing. From the perspective of these fishers, the main problems that interfere with artisanal fishing are the lack of adequate fish storage, the precariousness of the vessels, the reduction in fish stocks, the high perishability of fish, the devaluation of traditional knowledge, and the presence of middlemen that prevent the commercialization of fish production from moving directly from the fisher to the final consumer. The identification of these critical points enables the recognition of flaws in the production chain and the realization that they can be minimized through public policies and comanagement strategies related to the economic, ecological, and social development of the sector.

Relationship between Knowledge Level about Drug-Resistant TB (TB-RO) and Medication Compliance in Pulmonary TB Patients

Introduction: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB RO) is still a threat in TB control and is one of the main public health problems in many countries in the world. Globally in 2019, it is estimated that 3.3% of new TB patients and 17.7% of previously treated TB patients will be drug-resistant TB patients.
 Objective: To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about Drug-Resistant TB (TB-RO) and the level of medication adherence in pulmonary TB patients.
 Method: This type of research is quantitative research with analytical observational methods using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was TB sufferers who were undergoing treatment at the Limboto Community Health Center, totaling 70 respondents. The research technique used accidental sampling to obtain a sample of 35 respondents. Data analysis used the Fishers exact test with the knowledge level questionnaire instrument and MMS-8.
 Results: The results showed that 29 respondents had good knowledge and were compliant with taking medication, 4 respondents had poor knowledge and were compliant with taking medication, and 2 respondents had poor knowledge and were not compliant with taking medication. The statistical test results showed that p-Value = 0.025, which means less than (α = 0.05), indicating that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge about TB-RO and adherence to taking medication.
 Conclusion: The patient's lack of knowledge about the disease and the use of drugs for therapy results in the patient's lack of understanding of the therapy being undertaken, which causes patient non-compliance in using the medication.

Legal Consequences of Disobedience of Provisional Decision of the Administrative Court

The existence of a legal vacuum in the State Administrative Court (PTUN) procedural law relating to the execution of the PTUN Provisional Decision raises the issue of Judicial Disobedience by state administrative institutions that do not want to carry out the PTUN Provisional Decision. Departing from this, there are two main problem formulations, namely: (1) What are the characteristics of PTUN provisional decisions? and (2) What is the formulation of legal protection against non-compliance with PTUN provisional decisions? Furthermore, this legal research uses a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. Based on an examination of existing legal issues, it can be concluded that provisional decisions are known in PTUN procedural law practice, where provisional decisions are submitted for matters deemed essential (urgent circumstances) by the Plaintiff to the Panel of Judges to be decided in an Interim Decision. Suppose the Party ordered by the PTUN does not implement the PTUN provisional decision. In that case, 2 (two) legal preventive mechanisms and 3 (three) legal repressive remedies can be taken in stages: 1) Sending a letter to the relevant agency, 2) Reporting to the Ombudsman, and 3) Using Criminal Law Mechanisms.

Thermodynamic description of active brownian particle driven by fractional gaussian noise

As a natural extension of the recent results on the thermodynamics of an active Brownian particle (self-propelled), we study the thermodynamics of an active Brownian particle (ABP) driven by fractional Gaussian noise (FGN). To serve as a prelude of the main results, we start from the conventional Markov process but with time dependent diffusion coefficient, where deviation in integral fluctuation relation (IFR) for total entropy production requires a general definition of the temperature, following the same case for a Brownian particle. In other words, the general temperature definition for this case is independent to the statistics of the rotational motion. We then proceed with the main problem of the paper, which is an active Brownian particle driven by fractional Gaussian noise. Under the assumption that self-propulsion is even under time-reversal, temperature is defined as well as the distance on how far the IFR for total entropy production deviates from the standard definition by adopting the standard definition of trajectory-level entropy and the joint probability of ABP. Furthermore, second law-like concept based on the found deviation is derived, as well as a generalized Clausius inequality. Lastly, magnitude of this deviation diminishes in the case of pure white noise.

Strategies and challenges of teaching Indonesian to foreign speakers at Bandung State University

Considering the ongoing era of globalization, the importance of teaching Indonesian to foreign residents is increasing. Indonesian, as the official language of Indonesia, has important meaning as the main language in Southeast Asia. In addition, this language is recognized as one of the official languages of ASEAN and has an important function in encouraging international cooperation. As a result, more and more people from various countries are choosing to master Indonesian for academic, commercial or personal purposes. However, empirical evidence shows that several challenges hinder cultural exchange in BIPA education. These include the lack of Indonesian language skills among international students at the elementary level, the rise of bilingualism in Indonesian society, cross-cultural differences, the speed of communication in Indonesian society, and even low motivation among international students. This report explores the challenges and strategies involved in teaching at Bandung State University. This research aims to increase the effectiveness of teaching Indonesian to non-native students by overcoming various challenges faced in the teaching and learning process. This research uses a qualitative approach and uses in-depth interviews as the main method of data collection. The research involved 8 Indonesian language lecturers from various countries who taught non-native speakers. Research findings show that the main problem is the complicated Indonesian grammar, which is an obstacle for non-native speakers to understand. In addition, it is very important to modify the teaching methodology to meet the preferences and learning needs of international students. One approach to overcome this problem is to simplify grammar teaching by using practical illustrations. In addition, this research reveals the importance for BIPA teachers to consider the balance between language skills and non-skills material, cross-cultural factors for both students and teachers, student characteristics, students' goals in learning BIPA and selecting learning methods that suit their needs. Target. These features can be enhanced by incorporating active learning methodologies, such as role-playing, into a student-centered teaching style tailored to the specific needs and preferences of international students.

A Risk of Gonadoblastoma in Familial Swyer Syndrome—A Case Report and Literature Review

A complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD) with 46,XY karyotype is known as the Swyer syndrome and belongs to the group of 46,XY differences of sex development (DSD). The main problem in patients with Swyer syndrome is the delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea. Moreover, intrabdominal dysgenetic gonads in the patient with genetic material of a Y chromosome may conduce to the development of gonadal tumors, such as gonadoblastoma or germinoma. The management of such patients is based on preventive excision of dysgenetic gonads and long-term hormonal replacement therapy. Sporadic cases are considered more common than familial cases. This paper presents two siblings with Swyer syndrome in whom gonadoblastoma was found. A thorough review of familial CGD with 46,XY DSD in the literature from the last 15 years suggests that the risk of gonadal tumors could be increased in familial compared to sporadic cases (66.6% vs. 15–45%, respectively).

Using Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 14.7.1 to Measure Sustainable Fishery: The Statistical Limitations

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 14.7.1 is the only statistical indicator under the SDG framework which measures the progress to achieve sustainable fisheries. However, despite its advantages, it suffers from substantial limitations. One main problem is that it is ambiguous what this indicator really measures and what the definition of sustainable fisheries is, which is the core concept of SDG Indicator 14.7.1. In particular, this indicator has both an environmental dimension and an economic dimension, but it is unclear how one indicator can exactly reflect these two dimensions at the same time. In addition, while SDG Indicator 14.7.1 emphasizes inclusiveness in name, its definition, methodology, and practical application reveal the exclusion of a substantial number of countries from this indicator. These limitations not only diminish the anticipated functionality of SDG Indicator 14.7.1 but also contradict the objective of inclusivity. Such shortcomings of SDG Indicator 14.7.1 are possibly a result of the non-statistical considerations during the development of this indicator, including possible political influence on the statistical scientific process. A number of implications for improving the further development and use of this indicator are provided, such as the provision of more specific data and metadata

Solutions for elderly people: an overview of technology developed

The aging of the world population is a challenge for governments and the market. There were, in 2021, 761 million people aged 65 or over; This number is expected to increase. This phenomenon is directly accompanied by a decrease in the organism's functional capacity, such as motor capacity. One way to increase the general quality of life of Old People with Motor Disabilities and help them regain some control and live independently is to offer products and services that solve their main problems. The objective of this study was to search for technologies (inventions and utility models) for this population that have been registered in recent years in Brazil but also in Europe and USA. The patent search was conducted on the electronic platforms of the patent offices in Brazil and Europe. 337 registers were found and 55 results met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show an improvement in the number of registers in the last decade, however, this can be considered little if we look at the size of the population and its challenges.

The effect of educational intervention on efficacy of 1% permethrin shampoo and 4% dimeticone lotion to treat head lice infestation using propensity score matching (PSM)

BackgroundHead lice are a main public health problem and the most important human ectoparasites and the use of pediculicides is the most common way to control it. One of the possible causes of treatment failure is the lack of improper application of pediculicide. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of education on efficacy of 1% permethrin or 4% dimeticone lotion to treat head lice infestation.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study included 100 individuals with head lice infestation from comprehensive urban health centers in Ardabil as the intervention group, and 400 individuals from East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan provinces as the control group, from April to March 2019. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and an examination recording sheet, which documented the presence of adult lice or nits. Due to the inability to perform random assignment and control for numerous observed covariates, propensity score matching (PSM) was used.ResultsThe outcome of treatment included elimination of head lice infestation on is 7, and in the case of recurrence, it was considered on days 14 and 30 after treatment. The results showed that the educational intervention program had a significant positive effect on the efficacy of both treatments. The likelihood of improvement was approximately three times greater in the intervention group compared to the control group.ConclusionParticipants who received the training intervention (OR = 3.29; CI 95%: 2.21–4.88) were more likely to have a successful treatment than control group. In the case of providing proper training on the use of pediculicides and observing hygiene tips to patients with pediculosis, could help to successful treatment of pediculosis.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENCATATAN DAN PERHITUNGAN TAGIHAN KWH METER LISTRIK PASCA BAYAR DI PT. MAHIZA KARYA MANDIRI

Electrical energy requirements have increased in line with economic growth and social welfare. Every month, meter recording officers come to record customers' electricity kwh usage. Problems often occur in the recording process using the ACMT application such as errors in inputting the booth meter numbers or the customer's kwh meter as recorded by the officer. The main problem of this research is how to design a system for recording and calculating postpaid electricity kwh meter bills to produce a report that is fast, accurate, and optimal. This research aims to design a postpaid electricity meter recording system that will provide bill estimates for the customers, and reduce complaints and spikes in customer bills due to recording errors. The design created was tested using the White Box and Black Box Testing method as the results worked according to its function defined.

Trends and peculiarities of local budgets functioning in the conditions of war

The paper summarizes the theoretical and applied principles of functioning of local budgets as a component of public finance, an instrument for ensuring financial self-sufficiency, regulating socio-economic development and stimulating investment activity of regions and territorial communities, and identifies their features (territorial affiliation, dependence of the volume of local budget funds on the economic potential of the territory, social orientation, dependence on interbudgetary transfers, imperative and regulatory certainty of budgetary. The paper examines the impact of fiscal decentralization on the functioning of local budgets and the ability of local governments and executive authorities at different levels of administrative and territorial structure to exercise delegated and own powers. Based on the use of methodological tools of the dialectical approach to cognition of the essence of local budgets, a comprehensive scientific approach to this definition is formulated in terms of essence, content, form and as a phenomenon. The social purpose of local budgets is clarified, the realities are analyzed and the peculiarities of their functioning in wartime are revealed. The expediency of changes in the budget process is argued, changes in budget and tax legislation are characterized. Based on the analysis of the dynamics, composition of revenues and expenditures of local budgets, the main problems of formation and use of budgetary resources of local governments are identified. It is argued that one of the most important problems in the organization of budgetary relations at the local level is the discrepancy between local budget revenues and the need of local governments and local executive authorities for financial resources to ensure the provision of quality and affordable public services to the population.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ORGANIZATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES

The article examines the scientific and theoretical aspects of the organization of social protection of low-income groups of the population in local self-government bodies; the concept of administrative services, their place among other public services and the main problems of obtaining administrative services from the point of view of service consumers are characterized. It was determined that almost all citizens are required to receive certain administrative services (for example, regarding birth registration, residence registration, obtaining a passport, etc.), and some administrative services have a smaller number of consumers. It was established that the understanding of the category "administrative service" consists in creating convenient conditions for a person's communication with public administration bodies in the broadest category of cases. The concept of administrative services and their types is characterized:. state services, municipal services, non-administrative services.

Determination of Financial Indicators on Tax Avoidance through Transfer Pricing on Energy Companies

The main problem of the study is about variables in company size and their effect on tax avoidance. Compared to the results when transfer pricing moderates. The focus of the analysis in this is on company size, receivables, debt, costs, profits against tax avoidance through transfer pricing. The study used quantitative methods with secondary data. Data collection through interview techniques and documentation data collection by recording or collecting data on energy companies listed on the IDX for 2018-2022. From a population of 82 companies, a sample of 52 companies was obtained using purposive sampling according to criteria. The data was tested with panel data regression model data using Chow Test and Hausman Test techniques, and also used E-views application. The results of the study found that financial indicators in energy companies, namely: Company Size, receivables, debts, costs, and profits have a significant positive influence on tax avoidance, and when transfer pricing moderates it has a positive affects the financial performance of energy companies on tax avoidance.

Penghapusan Batas Usia Perkawinan Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia

This research discusses the analysis of the elimination of the age limit for marriage in Indonesia from a human rights perspective. The main problem in this research is the rise of early marriage which is marked by the increasing demand for marriage dispensations as well as the disapproval of several community groups towards limiting the age of marriage because it is considered to be contrary to the theological and cultural aspects of Indonesian society. The aim of this research is to gain a deeper understanding regarding the elimination of the age limit for marriage in Indonesia from a human rights perspective for the common good. This type of research is library research and a normative legal research approach which focuses on the use of secondary data sources such as the Koran, hadith, books, journals, statutory regulations, court decisions, and so on. The results of this research indicate that the marriage age limit regulations in Indonesia are not in line with human rights values because they marginalize citizens' rights to carry out the religious teachings they believe in in determining their lives. The implementation of the marriage age limit regulations also creates problems in the juridical, sociological (cultural) and theological aspects in Indonesia.