Main Platform Research Articles

TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF PARLIAMENTARISM IN UKRAINE AND THE BALTIC COUNTRIES (1990-2004): A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract. The article shows that the parliaments of Ukraine and the Baltic countries were the main platform for state-building decisions in the specified period, which changed not only the existing system, but also themselves. In general, this article attempts to consider the transformation of the institution of parliamentarism in Ukraine and the Baltic countries by the method of comparative analysis. The article contains an overview of the process of transformation of the institution of parliamentarism in the studied countries in historical, political and legal contexts. It reflects the correlation between the constitutions adopted at national referenda, in particular in Lithuania and Estonia, which did not undergo significant amendments in the future in terms of the functioning of the institution of parliamentarism. The adopted constitutions at the legislative level in Ukraine and Latvia, in particular regarding the activities of the parliaments, were subsequently changed under certain conditions. If in Ukraine such changes regarding the powers and status of the parliament were due to political considerations during the revolution of 2004, then in Latvia such changes were in the context of the requirements of the latest period, because this country restored its statehood together with its 1922 Constitution.

Essential procedures of single-cell RNA sequencing in multiple myeloma and its translational value

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells. In many countries, it ranks as the second most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the hematopoietic system. Although treatment methods for MM have been continuously improved and the survival of patients has been dramatically prolonged, MM remains an incurable disease with a high probability of recurrence. As such, there are still many challenges to be addressed. One promising approach is single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which can elucidate the transcriptome heterogeneity of individual cells and reveal previously unknown cell types or states in complex tissues. In this review, we outlined the experimental workflow of scRNA-seq in MM, listed some commonly used scRNA-seq platforms and analytical tools. In addition, with the advent of scRNA-seq, many studies have made new progress in the key molecular mechanisms during MM clonal evolution, cell interactions and molecular regulation in the microenvironment, and drug resistance mechanisms in target therapy. We summarized the main findings and sequencing platforms for applying scRNA-seq to MM research and proposed broad directions for targeted therapies based on these findings.

Political Communication Strategies through Video Podcast Campaign: A Case Study of Partai Perindo in Indonesia

This research presents an investigation into Partai Perindo's political communication strategies through video podcast campaigns, focusing on the impact of multi-platform digital campaigns that utilize both YouTube and Instagram. Adopting a qualitative approach with participant observation and interviews, the study highlights Partai Perindo's targeted efforts to engage millennial and Gen Z audiences, recognizing their influential role in the upcoming 2024 General Election. By leveraging YouTube's long-form content and Instagram's snackable teasers, Partai Perindo effectively captures diverse audiences' attention and fosters social consciousness, enhancing party electability and influencing policy decisions. The study underscores the significance of multi-platform strategies for political organizations seeking to engage young voters, promote civic participation, and address societal concerns, ultimately contributing to a more inclusive and responsive democratic society. Moreover, this research also proves that millennial and Gen Z voters get political information from social media as the main platform. On top of that, this research also offers valuable insights into contemporary political communication practices, with a focus on video podcasting and the integration of various digital platforms.

Importance of Integrated Simulation Approaches in Medical Education when Teaching Therapy Disciplines to Students of Medical Faculty

The article is devoted to reviewing the main methods of practice-oriented teaching of medical students at the Department of Internal Medicine No. 1, Clinical Immunology and Allergology named after Academician Y. M. Neyko of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University (Ukraine). The significance of not only theoretical but also practical training of medical students in the conditions of blended learning is highlighted. The impact of new teaching methods on the level of future doctors' professionalism has been analyzed. Another important aspect of training is the introduction of simulation training, which allowed for obtaining a high level of knowledge without harming the patient. The article focuses on the role of the “virtual patient” in supervision, as this method, regardless of the form of study, allowed the student to be acquainted with a standardized patient, improve communication skills and choose the right method of diagnosis or treatment by the European guidelines. The article describes prospective systems for simulating clinical cases, which allow the creation of interactive training cases of various complexity levels depending on the goals set or the level of a specialist's training. The article presents the main online platforms for creating the most realistic cases with photographs of the affected body area and protocols of instrumental examinations, which allow you to reproduce the order of the doctor's actions and modify the intensity of the patient's condition if the prescription was incorrect. Moreover, the article highlights the positive impact of interactive teaching methods on student motivation and encouragement to deepen knowledge in a particular discipline, as an essential aspect is the discussion of examination results and prescription of therapy based on modern guidelines. It additionally outlines actions to be taken for ensuring efficient handling of new “virtual patient” cases and for inputting data on previously created clinical cases into the system. The article describes the main advantages of simulation-based teaching methods in comparison with traditional forms of teacher-student interaction. It is noted that training with the help of ”virtual patients” allows us to evaluate the acquired practical skills and competencies of future doctors.

Political Values, Orientations and Ideals of Modern Youth and Their Reflection in Virtual Space

Introduction. The active dissemination of information and digital technologies in the 20th century has led to the fact that the virtual space today has become the main platform for expressing the political, cultural and spiritual values of young people. Representatives of this age group most often use digital resources as a means of self-expression and a channel for obtaining information about changes in the modern world. In Russia, the virtual space is used by various actors to form public opinion and include young people in the political and public life of the state. On the other hand, the possibilities of the virtual space are often used as a tool for misinforming young people, spreading fakes, extremist and radical sentiments. Given the difficult foreign policy situation and the need to ensure the national security of the Russian Federation and protect its population, including in the virtual space, it becomes necessary to study the political orientations and values of young people. Methods. The basis of the methodology of this article is formed by a combination of general scientific, special and applied methods. The choice of the axiological approach as a methodological basis for the study of value orientations and ideals of modern youth made it possible to consider values as an important social phenomenon that requires a specific study that reflects the features of the reflection of political values in the virtual space. Hermeneutical analysis, presented in line with the integration of qualitative and quantitative research methods, is used in the study of the formation of personal identity, values, experiences of the younger generation associated with the expression of their individuality and political preferences in a virtual environment. The semiotic approach was used in the process of studying the sign-symbolic field of modern youth culture in the virtual space. The empirical basis of the study was statistical data that allows us to assess the involvement of young people in the Internet environment and trace the trends in the development of the virtual space in modern Russia. The materials of sociological surveys conducted by the Levada Center and the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center made it possible to draw conclusions about the inclusion of Russian society in the virtual space, as well as about the value preferences of Russians aged 18 to 35 regarding material, family and civic ideals. Results and Discussion. The article is aimed at studying the characteristics of young people as an age group and the specifics of the reflection of their value ideals in the virtual space. The development of the Internet and social networks leads to new problems and potential dangers for the younger generation, which spends a lot of time in the virtual space. It is concluded that the life guidelines of young people are a high level of material well-being, the opportunity to live a measured life and benefit society. Despite the greater awareness of young people about the history and culture of Russia, about the importance of family values, this age group is characterized by the formation of a Western mentality based on the values of consumer individualism. Ignoring the traditional media, young people listen to “opinion leaders”, which makes them more vulnerable to all sorts of manipulations by political actors hostile to our country.

DEVELOPMENT OF MASTER STUDENTS’ FORMAL LETTER WRITING SKILLS BY MEANS OF ONLINE TOOLS DURING ACADEMIC FOREIGN LANGUAGE COURSE

The article deals with the peculiarities of using Internet tools for the development of formal letter-writing skills of Master students during Academic foreign language course. It is widely accepted that formal communication cannot exist without online applications, as they provide an opportunity to quickly exchange information, documents and data in real time from any location. The purpose of the article is to analyse and describe the main online platforms that can be used to improve foreign language skills in general and master the skills of formal correspondence in particular. It is emphasized that online applications of various types can become an effective means of practical and realistic mastery of foreign letter writing. The authors provide examples of online applications (WriteExpress, Letter Generator, LettersWriter, Grammarly, LanguageTool, Ginger), paying special attention to their features, advantages and disadvantages. The article highlights educational goals for which such online tools can be used, namely: initial acquaintance with modern formal letter templates and formats, creating Master students’ statements, editing a document, correcting spelling, punctuation, and stylistic mistakes. Online platforms are stated to save time, improve the quality and efficiency of formal letters, their structure and format, advise on the formal style linguistic peculiarities and tone, help to avoid mistakes and write more confidently. While studying Academic foreign language course Master students are expected to acquire not only knowledge about the standards and norms of formal correspondence but also critically analyse the product they receive after using online applications. Master students are expected to take into account the specific needs and expectations of the addressee, make the letter more personalised and targeted, focus on specific information, offer new ideas, look for alternative solutions, etc. It is concluded that the time for using IT technologies in the classroom should be clearly defined and limited, as they serve only as support tools designed to help transfer knowledge, comprehend the content of learning and improve the results of course studying.
 Keywords: Master students; formal letters; Academic foreign language course; development of formal communication skills; online tools; IT technologies; letter writing skills; foreign correspondence.

A multilayered graph-based framework to explore behavioural phenomena in social media conversations

ObjectiveSocial media is part of current health communications. This research aims to delve into the effects of social contagion, biased assimilation, and homophily in building and changing health opinions on social media. Materials and methodsConversations about COVID-19 vaccination on English and Spanish Twitter are the case studies. A new multilayered graph-based framework supports the integrated analysis of content similarity within and across posts, users, and conversations to interpret contrasting and confluent user stances. Deep learning models are applied to infer stance. Graph centrality and homophily scores support the interpretation of information reproduction. ResultsThe results show that semantically related English posts tend to present a similar stance about COVID-19 vaccination (rstance = 0.51) whereas Spanish posts are more heterophilic (rstance = 0.38). Neither case showed evidence of homophily regarding user influence or vaccine hashtags. Graph filters for Pfizer and Astrazeneca with a similarity threshold of 0.85 show stance homophily in English scenarios (i.e. rstance = 0.45 and rstance = 0.58, respectively) and small homophily in Spanish scenarios (i.e. r = 0.12 and r = 0.3, respectively). Highly connected users are a minority and are not socially influential. Spanish conversations showed stance homophily, i.e. most of the connected conversations promote vaccination (rstance = 0.42), whereas English conversations are more likely to offer contrasting stances. ConclusionThe methodology proposed for quantifying the impact of natural and intentional social behaviours in health information reproduction can be applied to any of the main social platforms and any given topic of conversation. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by two case studies describing English and Spanish demographic and sociocultural scenarios.

Mechanical property analysis and rationality study of new offshore floating wind power photovoltaic structure

Nowadays, the problem of energy deficiency is getting more and more serious. The search for clean and sustainable energy is of great importance. The research topic of this article is the construction of an offshore floating structure which combines the offshore wind power and photovoltaic power. Firstly, the main platform structure is researched. Secondly, the calculation of stability, wind load and wave load are conducted to examine the safety of the structure. Finally, the cost is estimated. The calculation results indicate that that the platform has a splendid stability, and it can adapt the sea wave and wind environment. The cost of the platform is also reasonable. This research can be used as an example for development and utilization of offshore energy.

A systematic design of integrated palm-oil biorefinery networks: Identifying sustainable solutions

This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of synthesis and design of sustainable palm oil integrated biorefinery networks involving multiple platforms of bioresources for sharing materials, energy, and facilities to obtain a more sustainable solution. There are three main processing platforms consisting of palm oil, palm biomass, and biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME-biogas). The alternatives are generated from a superstructure of each platform representing different products that can be made and their established processing routes. Utilizations of glycerol, bio-syngas, and CO2, which are by-products of the palm oil, palm biomass, and POME-biogas platforms, respectively, are also considered as three other platforms. Different scenarios of materials, energy, and facility integration among the platforms are analyzed by considering economic benefits together with CO2 emissions, as well as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which includes climate change impact and other environmental impact categories. Analyses of the design of the palm oil integrated biorefinery network with multiple process networks and heat integration point to the achievement of more sustainable solutions for production and consumption compared to the scenario of business as usual (BAU). The sustainable palm oil integrated biorefinery network corresponds to economic improvement and CO2 reduction potential as well as satisfying environmental impacts. The analysis results show that the palm oil integrated biorefinery network alternatives can provide high economic potential and less environmental impacts compared to without any integration. The best non-tradeoff solution proposes the integration of palm biomass and POME-biogas platforms for bio-methanol production and the integration of palm oil platform with glycerol production to produce 1,2-propanediol as an additional product. It offers 23.5 million dollars per year of economic value-added benefit with 2.9 years of payback period while also reducing the environmental impacts. Wind power and river water are selected to maximize profitability options for electricity and freshwater supplies, respectively.

Foreign Open Access Journals in the Field of Librarianship: Opportunities for Publishing Research Results

Open access journals are widespread, including the field of library science. The purpose of the article is, basing on the results of the analysis of foreign journals on library science topics, to prepare a list of journals for potential publishing Russian scientists’ articles in them.The selection of journals was carried out on the platforms Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Dimensions, Lens.org and Scimago Journal & Country Rank. Non-thematic journals were eliminated from the initial sample of journals; the remained ones were analyzed according to the following parameters: reflection of journal data on major world open access resources, indexing in international databases (Web of Science and Scopus), quartile (Q1 и Q2 from Scimago Journal & Country Rank), as well as open access models, price policy and availability of an open license.In addition, the studied journals were checked for presence/absence in the “black” lists of journals. Based on these data, the general “portrait” of library open access journals was compiled and the list of recommended foreign open access journals for publishing the Russian scientists’ results of research was marked out.The study embraced 220 open access journals.The results indicated the Directory of Open Access Journals (57, 7 %) as the main platform for journal selection. About 64 % of journals were free of charge for authors with publishers (universities or associations) covering the costs of publishing articles themselves. “Diamond” (about 63.5% of journals) and “Green” (about 43, 5 % of journals) were identified as the dominant open access models, indexed in Web of Science and Scopus – about 60 % of open access journals.The study also revealed the problem of correct reflection of open access journals on the platforms (discrepancy of topic, type of the document, etc.). The list of 12 highly rated journals that library scientists could use when searching for information and publishing their research results in the open information space was compiled, and analyzed for publications of Russian authors in them over the past 5 years (2018–2023).

Development of entrepreneurial competencies through informal education

The relevance of the study lies in identifying modern and effective tools for the formation and development of entrepreneurial competencies in the informal education system, which is extremely relevant and in demand not only among higher education students, but also among specialists in various fields of activity. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal tools of informal education for the effective development of entrepreneurial competencies of both students and specialists in modern conditions. The basic entrepreneurial competencies necessary for a specialist to create, develop and manage a business are highlighted, and the main differences between employees with entrepreneurial competencies and employees without them are pointed out. The study summarizes the main directions in the field of informal education for the formation of entrepreneurial thinking, culture, skills, entrepreneurship support institutions, as well as the main online platforms for learning. It is substantiated that entrepreneurship education is strengthened in terms of innovation, technology transfer and business creation both at enterprises and in higher educational institutions. The findings confirm that businesses are either hiring professionals with entrepreneurial competencies or investing in training programs to help develop competencies of existing employees, and are increasingly using informal education tools in conjunction with formal training.

Simulation process flow for the implementation of industry-standard FD-SOI quantum dot devices

The spin of an electron confined to a semiconductor quantum dot is one of the main technology platforms currently evaluated in the pursuit of qubit implementation. In this study, we developed and optimized a full simulation process flow used to model an Ultra-Thin Body and Buried oxide (UTBB) Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FD-SOI) quantum dot device fabricated using STMicroelectronics' standard manufacturing process. Here, we report optical, geometrical, electrical, and quantum numerical results that allowed us to assess the device performance before its eventual fabrication.

‘Made in Kyrgyzstan is gold!’ the rise of the informal Kyrgyzstani apparel industry

The Kyrgyzstani apparel industry has seen spectacular growth in recent years, despite informal structures, a predatory business environment, and intersecting crises. Contrary to other apparel producers in the Global South, ‘Made in Kyrgyzstan’ (MiK) has emerged from below and independently of multinational corporations or state-funded development initiatives. This article takes an ethnographic approach to examine how apparel producers navigate the challenging national and geopolitical environment in which their businesses are embedded. It does so based on long-term fieldwork, conducted before (2019), during (2020, online), and after (2021) the pandemic at the Dordoi Bazaar in Bishkek, the main distribution platform for locally produced apparel. Based on the ethnographic material, this article questions the meaningfulness of an informality framework in the corrupt context of the Kyrgyzstani state, and instead shifts the focus on attempts to build durable businesses that are capable of dealing with local and global constraints. Doing so, it makes two related points. Firstly, it traces the unique nature of post-Soviet economic transformation in Kyrgyzstan through the peculiar growth of the informal apparel industry. Secondly, it emphasises the relevance of endemic state corruption when studying informal economic practices on the ground.

Strategies to Increase Purchase Intention of Local Brand in Indonesia: A Study of Social Media Marketing and the Role of Influencers

<p>Based on Hypefest and Katadata research in 2023, the growth of local brands in Indonesia is currently not matched by an optimal marketing strategy, because consumer purchase intention in local brands is still relatively low. Utilization of marketing through social media is expected to make the image of local brands more famous so as to increase consumer purchase intention, especially generations Y and Z. Optimizing marketing through social media by using influencers to introduce a product massively. The data collection technique was purposive sampling using a questionnaire, which collected 135 respondents who had never made purchases of local Indonesian brands and were active users of Instagram social media and were also generations Y and Z. The results of the study show that the first hypothesis is that there is a significant influence between social media marketing variables on consumer purchase intention. The second hypothesis is that there is a significant influence between social media marketing variables on consumer purchase intention which is moderated by the influencer variable. This proves that in the current digital era, social media is the main platform for marketing a product which will be strengthened by using the right influencers to expand the marketing of a brand. This research has limitations, namely only discussing local brands, especially in the fashion sector, so that further research can expand the local brand sector.</p>

Safety Simulation Analysis of Supporting Structure for Live Working Used Insulation Platform on 10KV Lines

The insulation platform mainly comprises insulation tubes, carrying personnel for live working at high altitudes. The structure is prone to deformation, fracture, and vibration under stress. The model of supporting structure is established by Solidworks software. Ansys Workbench is used for static and modal analysis of supporting structures. The results show that the connection between the supporting and front insulation tubes is weak with the maximum stress, and the maximum deformation and vibration occur at the supporting and main platforms. The change of the angle between the supporting insulation tube and the front insulation tube and the angle between the two supporting insulation tubes will cause the maximum stress of the structure to change. The optimal range of the angle is determined finally. The results can be used for the structural optimization of the insulation platform, which is significant for improving its safety performance.

The two-step approach to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides the only potentially curative option for multiple hematological conditions. However, allogeneic HSCT outcomes rely on an optimal balance of effective immune recovery, minimal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and lasting control of disease. The quest to attain this balance has proven challenging over the past few decades. The two-step approach to HSCT was conceptualized and pioneered at Thomas Jefferson University in 2005 and remains the main platform for allografting at our institution. Following administration of the transplant conditioning regimen, patients receive a fixed dose of donor CD3+ cells (HSCT step one-DLI) as the lymphoid portion of the graft on day -6 with the aim of optimizing and controlling T cell dosing. Cyclophosphamide (CY) is administered after the DLI (days -3 and -2) to induce donor-recipient bidirectional tolerance. On day 0, a CD34-selected stem cell graft is given as the myeloid portion of the graft (step two). In this two-step approach, the stem cell graft is infused after CY tolerization, which avoids exposure of the stem cells to an alkylating agent, allowing rapid count recovery. Here, the two-step platform is described with a focus on key results from studies over the past two decades. Finally, this review details lessons learned and current strategies to optimize the graft-versus-tumor effect and limit transplant-related toxicities.

Performance evaluation of the cloud computing application for IoT-based public transport systems

The object of research is cloud computing as an element of the server infrastructure for intelligent public transport systems. Given the increasing complexity and requirements for modern transportation, the application of the Internet of Things concept has a high potential to improve efficiency and passenger comfort. Since the load generated in IoT systems is dynamic and difficult to predict, the use of traditional infrastructure with dedicated servers is suboptimal. This study considers the use of cloud computing as the main server infrastructure for the above systems. The paper investigates the main cloud platforms that can be used to develop such systems and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. The authors developed the overall architecture of the system and evaluated the performance and scalability of individual components of the server infrastructure. To test the system, a software emulator was developed that simulates the controller module installed in vehicles. Using the developed emulator, stress tests were conducted to analyze and confirm the ability to scale and process input data by the proposed architecture. The test scenarios were developed and conducted on the basis of the existing public transportation system in Kyiv, Ukraine. The experimental results showed that the proposed IoT architecture is able to scale efficiently according to the load generated by the connected devices. It has been found that when the number of incoming messages increases from 40 to 6000, the average message processing time remains unchanged, and the error rate does not increase, which is an indicator of stable system operation. The obtained results can be used in the development of modern public transport systems, as well as for the modernization of existing ones

Preferensi Transportasi On-Line Gojek Dan Grab Dengan Metode Topsis Di Kota Pasuruan

Online transportation has become an integral part of urban mobility, providing an efficient and convenient alternative for people. This study aims to analyze user preferences between the two main online transportation platforms, namely Gojek and Grab, in the city of Pasuruan. The TOPSIS (Technique For Order of Preference by Similarity to ideal Solution) method is used to identify user preferences in the context of the city.
 This research was conducted through a survey of a sample of online transportation users in the city of Pasuruan. The data collected includes factors such as price, convenience, performance and security offered by Gojek and Grab. The data is then processed and normalized to obtain the relative weight of each factor based on user preferences in the city of Pasuruan. Next, positive and negative ideal matrices are formed to compare user preferences for platforms.
 The results of the analysis using the TOPSIS method show a user preference for Gojek of 0,56, while Grab obtains a preference value of 0,43 in the city of Pasuruan. These findings provide insight into the most influential factors in user decision making in choosing between the two platforms in the city of Pasuruan.

Developing a new technology for demonstrating environmental sustainability in the Australian grassfed beef industry

Meeting the increasing consumer and market expectations for sustainably produced beef requires measurement and demonstration of the producers’ sustainability practices. Typically, demonstration of sustainable production relies on time consuming and costly on-ground audits. Online tools using combinations of remotely sensed data and other information sources could offer a cost-effective alternative. However, there are also concerns about the merits and risks of such tools. This paper presents a case of the development process of an online platform for Australian beef producers to demonstrate their sustainable production practices, connected with learning opportunities for continual improvement of their sustainability performance. The project is led by an innovative cross-sectoral collaboration of beef industry, non-government organisation and university partners. Our approach combines producer and market perspectives; focusing on the “value proposition” of the proposed technology for producers, and value chains’ priorities in sustainability markets and in having the ability to demonstrate sustainability in a cost-effective manner. The development process adopted co-design at three levels: (1) the “Consortium” of project partners (2) collaborative co-design through small online groups with producers and value chain representatives; and (3) consultative co-design through producer testing of the platform as it is built by software developers. The design process focused on five themes: tree cover, ground cover, biodiversity stewardship, carbon balance, and drought resilience. We present the main platform design characteristics sought by the co-design groups, and the indicators and measures they considered important for each of the five themes. We then discuss a set of key issues and their implications for technology development, according to a framework expressing interactions between people and their properties, processes and technology. This case shows the importance of taking a “demand-led” rather than a “supply-driven” approach, for the best possible fit of new technology to its users. Since co-design is more often consultative than treating users as equals or leaders in a technology design process, our case highlights the desirability of a fully collaborative approach to co-design.

Exploring English newspaper reading of Chinese college English majors in mobile-assisted language learning

Abstract With advances in mobile technology, mobile devices have been widely applied in language learning. English newspaper reading apps are emerging language learning tools for Chinese English majors. However, little has been published on reading in mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) environments. Studies of English newspaper reading are limited to the classroom environment. To explore English newspaper reading in MALL, this study analysed the features of English newspaper reading apps, usage patterns, and users’ language learning strategies by adopting both quantitative and qualitative methods. This research found that (1) apps incorporating multimedia technology mainly provide vocabulary instruction. Most English majors prefer English newspaper reading apps with explanations; (2) Learners tend to use WeChat as the main reading platform instead of utilising apps in combination; and (3) The most frequently used strategies by English majors are affective strategies, while the least frequently used strategies are social strategies, although most English newspaper reading apps support collaborative learning. The study is expected to inspire the design of English newspaper reading apps and the reform of the English newspaper reading course.