Main Philosophies Research Articles

A Systematic Review of Online Teaching Methods in Higher Education

Since the pandemic began, online teaching methods have received increased interest and review. Educators rapidly developed delivery techniques to meet the needs of students forced to become remote learners. Some of these methods were successful; others did not meet program objectives, especially in educator preparation programs (EPPs). The speed of changing to an online environment limited the ability of educators to research and adapt known evidenced-based practices. This systematic literature review provides research and insight into student-focused outcomes related to effective online teaching practices. Over 600 articles, across multiple disciplines were reviewed based on research and results using different techniques, pedagogy, and design in the online environment. The five main strategies, methods, or philosophies that most affected student outcomes in the online community were engagement, collaboration, beliefs, knowledge, and enactment of knowledge/practice. Each topic is discussed in depth and recommendations are made for effective online teaching and also specific applications to EPPs.

Lean manufacturing tools: how they can improve product quality

The lean production method is considered to solve the current problem of large production losses of domestic companies. The main tools, systems, philosophies and concepts are listed and described, as well as an example of the use of lean manufacturing for a specific сompany — GeoSM Group of Companies, a manufacturer and supplier of geosynthetic materials.

PHILOSOPHIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION THE ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTION IN TIMOR-LESTE: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE (2024)

Introduction : Starting with the foundations of the old Traditional Philosophy of Administration that was in force in a generalized way in the countries, and about the so-called pure modern systems that emerged after the English and French revolutions, it will also be addressed the evolution that has occurred in these philosophiessince their creation, until the present day, and if this evolution tends to separate them more and more or to bring them closer together, evaluating or appreciating how the philosophy of administrative institutionin Timor-Leste has been established and also influenced up to the present time, and what may be its future, of continued development. Objectives: Tofacilitate public or general understanding of the origins and evolution of existing philosophies of administrative institutions and to frame the organizational philosophy in an administrative system of Timor-Leste to aid its assimilation, facilitating communications and discussions related to the process of development and evolution of the present most appropriate system or philosophy in the country. Research of Methodology: It is elaborated or made deductive, and based on literary and legislative research work, whose sources will be cited in the bibliography of the academic study in consistency the theoretic framework in research guide. Conclusion: To be achieved in order to deepen and improve our knowledge of the main philosophies of administrative institutions and their evolution over time. At the same time, analysing the origins of the philosophy of administrative organisation in Timor-Leste, ascertaining the present state of the same and assessing or appreciating where philosophy is heading in the system of administrative organization in Timor-Leste, is grounded in the public and private institution cited by (Corte Real AG & Faria V.S., 2024).

Concurrent Topology Optimization of Multi-Scale Composite Structures Subjected to Dynamic Loads in the Time Domain

This paper presents a concurrent topology optimization of multi-scale composite structures subjected to general time-dependent loads for minimizing dynamic compliance. A three-field density-based method is adopted to implement the concurrent topological design, with macroscopic effective properties of the microstructure evaluated through energy-based homogenization method (EBHM). Transient response is obtained from the two-scale finite element analysis with the HHT-α approach as an implicit time integration procedure. Design sensitivities are formulated employing the adjoint variable method (AVM) based on two main philosophies: “discretize-then-differentiate” and “differentiate-then-discretize” approaches, respectively. The method of moving asymptotes is adopted to update the design variables at two scales. Several benchmark examples are presented to demonstrate that the “discretize-then-differentiate” AVM attains consistent sensitivities in an inherent manner such that the resulting optimal topology is more efficient when compared with the “differentiate-then-discretize” AVM. Moreover, the potential of the proposed method for concurrent dynamic topology optimization problems under general time-dependent loads is also highlighted.

THE PROBLEM OF DEFINING THE WORLDVIEW PARADIGM OF GRIGORY SKOVORODA’S PHILOSOPHY (CRITICAL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)

The article attempts to define a worldview paradigm in the philosophy of H. Skovoroda. In historical and philosophical studies, there is a certain difference of opinion regarding the evaluation of the main provisions of the Ukrainian’s enlightener philosophy. Scientists emphasize the manifestations of pantheism, dualism, pluralism and mysticism in the work of H. Skovoroda. This is a palette of mutually exclusive definitions of the main philosophies of the thinker.The conducted critical analysis of the Skovoroda’s philosophical heritage allows us to reveal the deistic direction of his worldview positions. However, compared to the conceptual presentation of deism by the founder of the French Enlightenment of the 18th century, F. Walter, the philosophical deistic positions of H. Skovoroda have their own characteristics. The deistic tendencies of Walter’s worldview are based on the principles of rationalism. They permeate the foundations of his theoretical and practical philosophy. The Ukrainian enlightener’s principle of deism is based on manifestations of the highest divine wisdom. They include rational forms of existence and knowledge, spiritual and practical, moral foundations of human existence.

Discourse on Human Rights Issues and Public Policy Context: Prospect of Indonesia Tobacco Control Regulation

The efforts on tobacco control are based on two main philosophies which are focused on human rights and the economy. This is observed for every country that is willing to reduce tobacco consumption and slightly ensure prosperity at the same time. It is being discussed in the international community that some countries are not a party to FCTC (Framework Convention on Tobacco Control) but have a domestic regulatory system for tobacco or are committed to implementing other obligations based on international norms at the minimum. This research specifically examined institutions and rules besides politics and judiciary enforcement in tobacco control regulation through the application of comparative and system approaches within the legal political context and a qualitative method. It was discovered that Indonesia has the ability to deliberate domestic regulatory systems to combat and reduce tobacco use despite the strong interference by tobacco industries and markets that are approaching legislatures, politicians, or executive apparatus to create different institutional interests. This usually leads to a mixture of verdict and judgment for the judiciary and legal enforcement.

What data counts in policymaking and programming evaluation – Relevant data sources for triangulation according to main epistemologies and philosophies within social science

Policy analysis and program evaluation quality guides how impact is measured, revisions are made, and allocations of resources is deployed. As interdisciplinary research grows in contemporary policy science, the importance of defining truth can be contentious among different social scientists. This research traces the history of triangulation to its contemporary version within the social sciences. The study examines the philosophical evolution influencing the environment in which triangulation develops including: consilience and the comparative linguistic structure of the traditions of thought; and the historical development of methods and emergence of triangulation in research. It also offers contrasting interpretations of triangulation within the various epistemologies and philosophies of science that have arisen in recent movements within social science. As research strives to address novel 21st century issues including big data, pandemics, misinformation, and globalization, there is a need for rigorous social science and policy-based research to be aware of different interpretations of empirical data and valid research methods across disciplines, examine new and old phenomena using multi-method approaches, and validate data informing policy through methods of triangulation.

The Sustainable Development and Strategic Approaches for Contemporary Higher Education

Due to the increasing appearance of global contagious diseases such as COVID-19, the goal of this research is to directly and explicitly advance the learning motivation, interests, and performance of online course participants into developing sustainable development and strategic approaches to discover the effective solution of the research question: how to provide the most effective online courses of sustainable development strategy for contemporary higher education in order to advance the student’s learning motivation, confidence, and desires? This is accomplished by integrating the three briefest analytical aspects of the Social Learning Theory, the main theoretical philosophies of Learning Community, and 10 core technological features to determine the most critical core determinants. Beyond the complex measured results, the most valuable conclusions were: (1) the highest Standardized Comparative Weight Scales (SCWS) was located in the Publicity Philosophy for contemporary online higher education sustainable development strategy, which meant the first hypothesis was accepted and the second and third hypotheses were denied. Hence, the Publicity Philosophy (PP) of the learning community directly and effectively advanced the contemporary online higher education sustainable development strategy for educational institutions as the best solution to the research question in order to achieve the main research objective. (2) Continuously, in detail, the PP of the learning community was directly and effectively enforced by the Professionalization Technology Feature of Course Function. This directly indicated that most online course participants focus on the professionalized technological features in the system operation, such as friendly operational platforms for easy uploads, convenient downloads of online course information, and real-time news during online courses at higher education institutions. Significantly, the aggregated technology in group discussions or teamwork assignments and the complete and fair evaluation of online course technological system can facilitate collaborative lesson preparation and lesson observation of the PP of the learning community in order to advance online course interests and learning performance to be the sustainable development strategic approach in contemporary higher education era.

Some Philosophical Paradigms and their Implications in Health Research: A Critical Analysis

There are five common philosophical paradigms used in the research and they are: Positivism, Post- Positivism, Interpretivism, Criticalism and Post modernism. Each paradigm has different research methods and analyses. The aim of this paper is to reveal the philosophical underpinning of Positivism, Post- Positivism, Interpretivism, Criticalism and Post modernism paradigms in health education research. In this review, each paradigm has been explained properly with reference to health education research based on the literature reviews available in peer-reviewed academic articles and books. This paper helps researcher especially health education researcher to identify paradigm and their implication in health education. Positivism is a science-based empirical method which yields singular reality used in scientific research. Post-positivism deal with multiple reality which asserts that every theory is revisable and that is used in social science especially in quantitative research. Interpretivism is the study of social phenomena to find out the hidden reality which is within the society and it is one of the main philosophies of qualitative research. Criticalism is considered one of the best methods to use in health education research to liberate people from social injustices through consciousness gained through health education. Post-modernism rejects the all-existing assumptions, beliefs and values and give an emphasis on qualitative research method that is appropriate to carry out the research study.

Moral Philosophy of Selimbur Caye Oral Tradition and Its Relevance to Character Education in Indonesia

This article aims to identify moral philosophy contained in Selimbur Caye oral tradition and analyze the relevance of the moral philosophy to character education in Indonesia. This research used qualitative descriptive method. Object of this study is Selimbur Caye oral tradition. The data was collected using in-depth interview, participatory observation, and documentation. They were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model of qualitative data analysis. Based on the analytical result, there are two main categories of moral philosophy contained in Selimbur Caye oral tradition; respect and responsibility. Later, in this study, the two main philosophies are derived into several foundation/supportive moral values such as sportsmanship, tolerance, democracy, discipline, honesty, fairness, wisdom, loyalty, professionalism, trustworthiness, social care, co-operation, social solidarity, and friendship. Another result found is that those philosophies are strongly relevant to the character education values developed by Indonesian ministry of education and culture: 1) fairness; 2) tolerance; 3) democracy; 4) friendly/communicative; 5) love peace; 6) social care, and 7) responsibility.

Implementation of Extreme Programming in the Asoka Makassar Integrated Early Childhood Education E-Book Activities

Early childhood education is a pre-school education that must be a concern for parents that can continue to be the responsibility of teachers in early childhood education institutions (PAUD), one of the main philosophies in educating early childhood, namely forging, honing, loving and fostering. Foster care means an effort to realize personality and identity so that children have various main characteristics, namely integrity, faith and piety. This research was conducted with the intention of monitoring children's activities while in PAUD Asoka Makassar. This system is in the form of an electronic activity book or commonly called an e-book of activities, in the implementation of an e book of activities in the form of managing school activities and monitoring students. By applying the Extreme programming method (XP), and visual studio code as a code editor. By implementing this system, it can make it easier for schools and parents to monitor children's activities during school and improve the quality of the school.

Penetrating xenophobic remoteness in interreligious encounters: Toward a pastoral praxis of befriending neighbouring in ‘pavement caregiving’ and ‘streetwise compassion’

Meeting the foreign and strange other should be viewed as a natural and inevitable feature of everyday life. When the other is endangering one’s comfort sones, especially in cases of ‘bread-and-butter’ questions, xenophobic fear sets in. Furthermore, when resistance is fuelled by fanatic expressions of religious self-maintenance or racial polarisation, xenophobic remoteness contributes to modes of discriminating suspicion, resistance of the strange other, even violent behaviour and forms of schismatic enmity. The concept of ‘befriending neighbouring’, based on the notion of compassionate being-with, could contribute to informal forms of friendship, the cornerstone for establishing ‘social coherence’. Thus, the question: How can convictions regarding the spiritual meaning of life and the content of religious belief systems, inspire faithful people to build bridges to one another within the normal circumstances of life? This article is a critical reflection on some of the basic presuppositions in some of the main religions and other philosophies of life, concerning the notion of compassion in caring for the strange other and the establishing of a more humane approach to the dynamics of everyday life.Contribution: Pastoral caregiving as a form of community care, should be directed by a praxis of befriending habitus and neighbourly outreach (pavement caregiving) within public spaces of voluntary, compassionate being-with the foreign other (streetwise compassion), in order to overcome discriminating forms of xenophobic remoteness.

Political Philosophies and Positive Political Psychology: Inter-Disciplinary Framework for the Common Good.

This manuscript explores the relationship between positive psychology and political philosophy, revealing an inter-disciplinary approach that speaks to the concerns of the common good. Since positive psychology has been expanding its reach into social and political spheres, its relationship to philosophical arguments has been worthy of exploration. Positive psychology is associated with utilitarianism, and aspects of hedonic psychology. However, an alternative concept of eudaimonic well-being has enabled this psychology to have links to other political philosophies. Therefore, this manuscript provides an overview of contemporary political philosophies: first, it discusses the debate between liberalism and communitarianism, and secondly, it summarizes the subsequent developments of liberal perfectionism, capability approach, and deliberative democracy. Then, the configuration of these political philosophies is indicated by the figure of two axes of “individual/collective” and “ethical/non-ethical.” The following section compiles the inter-relationships between the conceptions of citizenship, justice, and well-being, regarding the main political philosophies: egoism, utilitarianism, libertarianism, liberalism, communitarianism, and conservatism. Utilitarianism is associated with happiness, while liberalism and libertarianism rely on the concept of rights, which is almost equal to the idea of justice. Accordingly, utilitarianism is a philosophy of well-being, while liberalism and libertarianism are philosophies of justice. However, there is little connection between well-being and justice in these philosophies because the two kinds of philosophies are incompatible. The latter kind criticizes the former because the maximization of happiness can infringe on people’s rights. Moreover, these philosophies do not particularly value citizenship. In contrast, communitarianism is intrinsically the political philosophy of citizenship most attuned to increasing well-being, and it can connect an idea of justice with well-being. The final part offers a framework to develop an inter-disciplinary collaboration. Positive psychology can provide the empirical basis of the two axes above concerning political philosophies. On the other hand, the correspondence makes the character of political philosophies clearer. While libertarianism and liberalism correspond to psychology as usual, utilitarianism and communitarianism correspond to positive psychology, and the latter can be regarded as positive political philosophies. This recognition leads to the interdisciplinary framework, enabling multi-disciplinary collaboration, including work with the social sciences, which could benefit the common good.

Development of Chinese Civilisation and Education in Malaysia

This research aims to understand the Chinese civilisation and education in Malaysia. Terms of education.This research used research journal and book research. Chinese civilisation began with the emergence ofthe Xia Dynasty in the Huang He valley around 2000 Before Century (BC). Chinese civilisation has producedmany achievements in various literature, science, science and technology, traditional medicine, performingarts, art and fine arts. The main philosophies in Chinese society are Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism.This Classic Verse dramatically affects the lives of Chinese people. The establishment of the educationsystem in Malaya develop in the 19th century. The Chinese community is very concerned about educationand gives great honour to the educational struggle. School - Chinese school was formed and built whereverthere are Chinese communities in Malaysia.

Bases of Hindu Culture: Philosophical Schools and Their Contribution to World Spirituality

Hindu culture is one of the oldest and most complete philosophical structures with spiritualist purpose formulated in the history of mankind. Recognized for its depth, complexity and breadth of reasoning, which virtuously associates the scientific root with spiritual subjects in explanations about manifestation and divine reality. This article, whose general objective is to present the bases on which this philosophical-cultural system, and its structure of thought, was based, and, for specific objectives, to demonstrate how it contributed to the formulation of the main religions and philosophies of the world, which aim to help man to re-find his true nature. As a methodology, a bibliographic research was carried out that covered both Western authors, researchers of culture and philosophy of the East, as well as Eastern authors, renowned for their explanation about the studies of the Hindu tradition. It was found that the works that explain the influence of the ancient structure of eastern philosophical and scientific thought, especially the Hindu tradition, present the depth and dedication that this theme requires and evidences the need for continuity and expansion of the study carried out.

Semiotic Construction in Promoting Intercultural Communication: A Tiba Meka Rite of Manggarai, Indonesia

Abstract: Semiotic construction has an enormous influence on the latest studies in promoting intercultural communication. Understanding all symbols of traditional rites and fostering mutual respect, compassion, sympathy and empathy for other cultures is understood as a new angle. Moreover, semiotic construction is a contact tool for cultural qualities. This research aims to explore and reveal the multicultural values that are contained in the Tiba Meka rite. The analysis examines 50 custom spokespersons over the period of February to December 2019 and uses interviews, stationery collection, field notes and audio-visual recordings. Three research results concerning the Tiba Meka rite were found. First, semiotic meanings used in Tiba Meka rites are semiotic expressions that invite national or international outsiders, government guests, religious leaders and community leaders. Second, the philosophy relates to the theory, personality and morality of economics behind semiotic spoken words. This philosophy is influenced by the following main philosophies: pragmatism and indoctrism. Third, the Tiba Meka rite’s multicultural values include respect, gender, politics, solidarity, faith, tolerance, political, social, economic, authority and familiarity, and these values promote intercultural communication. The six steps used by the Manggarai people to welcome outsiders include these concepts.

Characterizing International Approaches to Weaning Children From Tube Feeding: A Scoping Review.

Approaches to tube weaning enterally fed children and evaluating outcomes vary widely. This limits the utility of research for identifying both "what works" and successful implementation of research outcomes. We used a qualitative scoping review methodology to examine internationally published research. Our primary aim was to identify the main philosophies underpinning intervention design and the main outcome variables used to demonstrate success of existing programs. This information can be used to inform future research design and clinical practice. Literature up until June 2019 was sourced via Medline, Scopus, Ovid, and CINHAL databases; hand searching; and gray literature using Google Advanced Search. Three predominant approaches to tube-weaning interventions were identified: behavioral, child- and family-centered, and biomedical. A wide range of intervention variables were identified, with the level of parental involvement and the use of hunger provocation varying between approaches. Our Review also confirms that there is no consistency in outcome measures used, limiting comparability between programs. We suggest that the role of parents in the weaning process and its impact on both the child and the parent/carer while transitioning from enteral to oral eating are insufficiently understood. We discuss these findings in the context of a suggested framework for future research.

Апофатическая целостность человека и культуры в диалогах Николая Бахтина

The article discusses the dialogical foundations of a person’s personal self-identity in the space of culture on the example of N. M. Bakhtin. The relevance of the work is associated with the increased relevance of the experience of live dialogue, which in modern information reality, on the one hand, appears as an opportunity for unprecedented self-expression and a space for communication and exchange of meanings, on the other hand, as a real danger of drowning in the cacaphony of discord and loss of oneself. The purpose of the work is through a hermeneutic reading of the works of N.M. Bakhtin, to show that through dialogue a person’s personal identity is formed, through existential questioning: «Who am I?». The authors use a hermeneutic approach to reading the philosophical works of N. M. Bakhtin, as well as a comparative analysis of his ideas and those of the leading philosophers of our time. However, the authors of the article not only analyze the similarity of N.M. Bakhtin with the main philosophies of postmodernism, but also insist on the pragmatic value of his works in themselves. The authors come to the conclusion that the dialogues of Nikolai Mikhailovich Bakhtin are a wonderful example of the experience of dialogue, which takes on an existential dimension, addressing the very essence of human existence. Nikolai Bakhtin appears as a thinker striving for a living experience of philosophy, trying to find a way to a genuine person who collects and shapes himself into a simple and integral unity in the space of the true culture of a hierarchically ordered cosmos. Thanks to this, the tension of the dialogue keeps the vivid sounding of the word, ready to turn into a deed, and does not allow the voices of the interlocutors to fall into monologue one-sidedness, degenerate into artificial schemes that disidentify and enslave a person’s personal integrity.

The SLT equation: A tool to predict and evaluate energy savings in road tunnels with sunlight systems

The high economical and environmental impact of tunnel lighting has led to the proposal of a wide variety of strategies to use sunlight in these infrastructures. However, the choice of the most accurate strategy for each tunnel requires reliable tools to evaluate its efficacy and estimate the potential savings before real implementation in order to decide whether it is really interesting and profitable. In spite of the increasing number of ways to complement electrical lighting with sunlight during daytime, the only way up to date to really foresee which one is better for one given tunnel is the use of mockups or simulations that cost time and money. In this work, a general equation based on physical considerations and covering a vast variety of situations is presented. The deduction of the equation departs from the two main philosophies proposed or implemented up to date and converges in one general expression which is applied to some examples.

Bridging the gap in archaeological theory: an alternative account of scientific ‘progress’ in archaeology

ABSTRACTIn recent years, a number of authors have commented on the current diversification of archaeological theory into different paradigms defined by diverse epistemologies and methods. One of the main consequences of this process has been the closure of the theoretical debate in archaeology, i.e. the fragmentation of archaeological theory into separate non-communicating paradigms. In this setting, several archaeologists have argued that there is a need for new theoretical discussions that promote dialogue among archaeologists belonging to different schools of thought. I suggest that a reflection on scientific progress, if executed properly, can fulfil this goal. In particular, I examine the conception establishing that science progresses by discarding incorrect prejudices and assumptions rather than by accumulating new facts and evidence. I argue that this view may be of particular relevance for different groups of archaeologists because it is compatible with the main philosophies that have oriented archaeological research since the 1980s. I illustrate this point with a number of examples drawn from the history of archaeology.