Main Leaders Research Articles

Lobistas, assessores de imprensa e relações-públicas norte-americanos que serviram o Estado Novo (1942-1974)

Em 1938, o Congresso Norte-americano aprovou a Lei de Registro de Agentes Estrangeiros (Osgood, 2002, p. 245), vulgarmente denominada por FARA [Foreign Agents Registration Act], que obrigava todas as empresas e agentes nos EUA que trabalhassem para governos ou empresas estrangeiras a entregarem uma declaração anual da sua atividade no Departamento de Justiça. Foi através destes registos que pudemos verificar que, para além da Casa de Portugal de Nova Iorque, o regime português registou, entre 1938 e 1974, um conjunto de cinco entidades/indivíduos que prestaram serviços de comunicação, articulados com o SNI e o mais alto escol do Estado Novo, com o objetivo de tentar moldar a opinião pública norte-americana. Propomos, assim, um estudo longitudinal diacrónico, onde tentaremos descrever e interpretar a atuação destes agentes propagandistas na promoção da imagem do país, do regime e dos seus mais altos dirigentes – Salazar e Marcello Caetano.

The Impact of Brand Trust on Physician’s Prescription Decision Towards Prothrombin Complex Concentrate with a Special Reference to Octaplex®

Management of Hemostasis is an integral role for any Intensivist in assurance of recovery of a hemorrhage patient who is often treated in an ICU, and building trust of a product segment related to such vital treatment will undoubtedly hold an utmost importance. Yet in researches and articles in current Medical Marketing setup it is found to be very limited, and in the case of Biological and Bio-Similar Marketing its almost non-existence. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate and prove the significant positive impact of Brand Trust on Physicians Prescription Decision and Moderation impact powered by the synergy of Relationship Marketing. The research consists of data which was collected via online questionnaire and captured the data required from the target sample cohort which is distributed via respective specialized academic colleges of their representation through email and filed online by the participants of quantitative research. Moreover, two of the main key opinion leaders (KOLs) were interviewed and qualitative data were summarized. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) procedures to reach meaningful conclusions. Thereby the study proves the significant positive impact of Brand Trust on Physicians Prescription Decision and Moderation impact which synergized by Relationship Marketing. The study is an original contribution to the field of Marketing in Biological and Pharmaceutical Industry. The proposed relationships are based on Brand Trust, Physician’s Prescription Decision and Relationship Marketing. Furthermore, the Moderating effect of Relationship Marketing on the relationship between Brand Trust and Physician’s Prescription Decision is unique to this study.

Analysis of the russian market derivative financial instruments

The Russian market of derivative financial instruments (hereinafter referred to as derivatives) has been analyzed. Differentiation of the derivatives market have been carried out both by derivatives and by participants. The main leaders have been identified both in the futures and options market as a whole in the derivatives market and in the segments. According to the results of the analysis carried out on the basis of the Moscow Exchange data, the preferential development of index and currency instruments have been revealed, which makes investment companies active in the derivatives market. There is an increase in the volume of commodity derivatives. In general, the Russian derivatives market is characterized by a narrow set of both derivatives and underlying assets, which significantly reduces the range of risks for which hedging is possible in the financial market.

O MAGISTRADO PORTUGUÊS JOAQUIM THEOTÔNIO SEGURADO E A CRIAÇÃO DA PROVÍNCIA DE SÃO JOÃO DAS DUAS BARRAS NO CONTEXTO DA INDEPENDÊNCIA DO BRASIL

A história da criação do estado do Tocantins pela Constituição, de 1988, traz à luz a luta separatista entre norte e sul de Goiás, cujos marcos revelam vários movimentos conduzidos por lideranças populares e políticas, em diferentes épocas. Dentre as lideranças separatistas, destaca-se a figura emblemática do magistrado português, o desembargador Joaquim Theotônio Segurado, ouvidor de Goiás (1804-1821), e o movimento que culminou com a criação da província de São João das Duas Barras entre os anos 1821-1822. Segurado foi ouvidor geral de Goiás e primeiro ouvidor da comarca do norte, onde, no exercício do cargo e valendo-se das possibilidades, construiu uma rede de articulações políticas, administrativas, econômicas e sociais que extrapolavam em muito o campo de atuação dos magistrados, cujas carreiras eram prescritas no interior do aparelho judicial ultramarino português. Foi com esse campo de poder conquistado nos muitos anos no norte que se alçou como uma das principais lideranças do movimento separatista do norte goiano, onde advogava a separação de Goiás e sua autonomia, dentro de uma nova geopolítica encabeçada por Maranhão e Pará. Sua atuação como ouvidor em Goiás extrapolou em muito o prescrito para o exercício do cargo dentro dos procedimentos jurídico-administrativos desenhados pela legislação ibérica. O presente artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de maior envergadura, realizada sobre o desembargador Joaquim Theotônio Segurado em arquivos do Brasil e de Portugal, no intuito de reconstruir os percursos da carreira jurídica do magistrado. 

Thoughts on the Brazilian Liberal Project’s Failure at the Imperial Era

The word liberal was a constant presence in the speeches of the main leaders of the Brazilian State process of independence and formation. However, it’s important to understand the different concepts of liberalism that were used by the political speech, frequently not linked to the reality. In fact, the new country stands firm to the Portuguese heritage, seeing in the authoritarian centralism of the monarchy the key to the State organization. Order, stability and unity are common values that guide political leaders of different orientations, placing themselves above any transformer project, especially those who could touch the social and economic structures centered on slavery.Fecha de envio / Submission date: 16/04/2019Fecha de aceptacion / Acceptance date: 22/07/2019

Antimicrobial Stewardship: Laboratory to Clinical Microbiology: A Road Map

Antimicrobial stewardship refers to a set of coordinated strategies to improve the use of antimicrobial medications with the goal of enhancing patient health outcomes, reducing resistance to antibiotics and decreasing unnecessary costs. While clinical microbiologists with clinical pharmacists are considered the main leaders of antimicrobial stewardship programs, clinical microbiologists can play a key role in these programs. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive discussion of the different components of antimicrobial stewardship in which microbiology laboratories and clinical microbiologists can make significant contributions, including cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility reports, enhanced culture, and guidance in the pre analytic phase, rapid diagnostic test availability, provider education, and alert and surveillance systems.
 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 25-29

Рынок безалкогольных напитков: состояние и перспективы развития

The paper features the condition of domestic and foreign markets of nonalcoholic beverages. The authors investigate the physiological value of soft drinks not only as products that satisfy the water requirements but also as a source of biologically active agents. The research defines segments and subsegments of the soft drinks market. The article introduces the data on the industrial and trade product range (2010–2016). The authors give various reasons of decrease in the demand for particular types of production (tonics), enumerate the main market leaders, describe the regional structure of production in various Federal districts, and analyze statistical data on volumes of domestic production and import of soft drinks. They also define the problems and the perspectives of the market of soft drinks.

THE IMPACTS OF ELECTIONS ON ECONOMICS IN INDONESIA

Money politic or vote buying in the election is something hasplagued all the societies that claimed the application ofdemocratic form in governance. The minority is able tomonopolize the votes of the majority in their favor usingfinancial sufficiency, political promises and the issues ofmass media. This phenomenon can lead to bribery, perjuryand treason that have negative impact on the economy ofIndonesia. The researcher used analytical method to explainvarious aspects of the phenomenon of buying electoral votesand its impact on the economic life in Indonesia. Theresearcher finally found two significant results. First, votebuying is a major cause of political and administrativecorruption in Indonesia. It is the main incubator breedingcorrupt leaders, which have negative impact towardseconomic life in Indonesia such as the increase number ofpoverty, unstable economy, enrich among political elites,and arbitrariness in determining economic policies taken bythe authorities pursuing their own interests. Second, votebuying is widely spread and easily found in the life of theIndonesian society, it seems like an established habit that ishard to eradicate.

Auto/Biography and Conflict: The Year in Spain

Auto/Biography and ConflictThe Year in Spain Ana Belén Martínez García (bio) Recent Spanish History and Politics It is little wonder that the majority of auto/biographical narratives in Spain published from mid-2017 to mid-2018 deal with "the Catalan question." A political conflict that has been latent for decades—some might say centuries—in Spain, it is part of our collective memory and national consciousness. Catalonia has become an unavoidable but thorny issue lately, with increasingly polarized views that may turn rather violent, of which there is already sad proof on both sides. One of the most striking examples of this subgenre is Peláez Viñas's El procés explicat als idiotes, roughly translated into English as "the procés for dummies," a graphic memoir of the four months that the movement for independence in Catalonia was at its height (September to December 2017). The Catalan word procés refers to the unilateral Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia from Spain issued by the Generalitat on November 9, 2015. The word is usually left untranslated in Spanish mainstream news to refer to the pro-independence movement intent on establishing a republic in Catalonia. The procés is of particular resonance now, when the main leaders of the movement are being tried for rebellion, sedition, and misuse of power at the Spanish Supreme Court. Full of irony and a penchant for excess (drugs, alcohol, etc.), Peláez Viñas writes and draws himself into the conflict, criticizing politicians and intellectuals alike, and defying the Spanish justice system that has issued severe fines and/or jail time to several individuals found guilty of taking too much liberty with their freedom of expression. A similarly humorous work is Javier Marías's Cuando los tontos mandan, roughly translated as "when dumb people are in charge." Marías, a prolific writer whose novels fill Spanish libraries and bookshops, compiles here some of his critical essays published in the widely read weekly magazine El Semanal. Significantly, the collection was a No. 1 Amazon bestseller soon after its publication in March 2018. [End Page 147] Among the myriad topics he satirizes, the Catalan procés features prominently alongside global political icons such as Donald Trump. A slightly different tone is adopted by Santi Vila in his memoir De héroes y traidores: El dilema de Cataluña o los diez errores del procés. Vila, a former member of Puigdemont's cabinet before its collapse, blends the styles of confessional and political writing. Instead of highlighting his role in driving the region toward independence, he admits to his errors in judgement and his participation in the illegal referendum in Catalonia in October 2017. Finally, an interesting attempt at relating the current turmoil to its historical roots is ¿Seré yo español? [Am I a Spaniard?]. A posthumous edited collection of essays by Gaziel, a Catalan journalist who tried to explain Catalonia to the Spanish ruling elite under the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1925–1930), these reflections prove to be highly relevant and illuminating to address the Catalan conflict today. Strong assertions like the need to distinguish between what Gaziel calls catalanismo and catalanidad deserve some careful examination. This is an author who inhabited "tierra de nadie" [no-man's land] (11), as the prologue warns readers. He wanted to offer his personal version of Catalonia as an intrinsic part of a Spanish consciousness, and he did that by writing in Spanish and expressing his own doubts, as the title emphasizes. An appropriate summary, in Gaziel's words, is that one cannot see what happens in Catalonia without the "varita mágica" [magic wand] of "comprensión" [understanding] (138). Moreover, Gaziel expands, "Catalanidad es una voz hermana de castellanidad" [catalanidad and castellanidad are cognate words] (139). This peaceful message of brotherhood among inhabitants of an "España plural" [plural Spain] (502) is a constant throughout this must-read. Political memoirs, a recurring presence in Spanish bookshops every year, are worth mentioning. Jaume Aurell rightly argued in his essay for the International Year in Review last year that this is one of the main...

Comparativa de la competencia mediática en comunicación política vía Twitter durante las campañas electorales de candidatos presidenciales en España, Ecuador y Colombia

A comparison of media competency in political communication on Twitter among presidential candidates during election campaigns in Spain, Ecuador and Colombia. Currently, political communication is usual on social networks, especially on Twitter. This research has highlighted the media competencies of 12 presidential candidates in Spain, Ecuador and Colombia. To that end, the four main leaders of each country were chosen. Using Twitter’s advanced search tool, data mining yielded a total of 3,707 tweets sent by these candidates during their election campaigns, out of which 590 had an audiovisual element, 1,743 had photographs and 1,174 used hashtags. A quantitative research was chosen due to its significance for data analysis with a flexible and exploratory method, since this subject has not been studied in depth before

Role of Tribes in Current Libyan Conflict

The article explores tribal aspect of Libyan policy. Cases of Warfalla and Tuareg tribal groups show an important role of tribal entities in modern Libya. In focus are activity of Social Council of Warfalla Tribes as an influential political actor with its own armed force and successful fight of Tuareg militias over control of huge El Sharara oilfield as well as their confrontation with Tubu tribal militias. The main sources for the research are information from such Internet-journals as Reuters, The Economist, Al-Monitor, The Libya Observer, etc. as well as reports from expert groups such as Country of Origin Information (COI) and Global Security. The research led to the conclusion that tribal political actors play an independent role in the process of civil confrontation in Libya. By the manipulation of loyalties and maneuvering among official political actors they protect their own kind of “hidden sovereignty” over territories and resources. Main political leaders of the country, Khalifa Haftar and Fayez al-Sarraj, are actually dependent on complicated mosaic of tribal interests which determines changing loyalties of tribal actors. At the same time tribal actors often have links over the borders of the state. Tuareg are fine example of this phenomenon, while Tuareg tribal militias are allied with armed tribal movements of their kinsmen in Mali and Niger. The case of Social Council of Warfalla Tribes appears to be very helpful example. The institutions of governance as well as network of alliances developed by tribal actors in fact create a spontaneous institutional alternative to a project of centralized nation-state in Libya. Representatives of these unofficial non-state institutions work in different social spheres on a grassroots level.

Chronicle of the Société Française d’Homéopathie (French Society of Homeopathy) (1824-2018)

Summary The author, who became president of the oldest homeopathic medical society in France, presents a chronicle of this professional group, its objectives, its achievements and thus pays tribute to its main leaders. Remembering their work testifies to the contribution of the Societe Francaise d’Homeopathie to this discipline and how deeply rooted is homeopathy in the history of French therapeutic care.

Colecta Pública 2017 (Public Collection)

Amount collected: Thanks to the support of all Peruvians, the League Against Cancer managed to raise more than 2,500,000 thousand soles in a record time of 2 days, a historic figure never before achieved by institutions that fight against cancer. Background and context: The League Against Cancer carries out its national public collection every year, a charitable activity of fundraising that invokes the population to donate, during two days, so that the institution can continue carrying out actions of prevention and detection in favor of the people more vulnerable. Despite the high incidence of cancer in Peru (more than 60,000 new cases and 40,000 deaths a year), never before had a crusade unite all Peruvians, in Peru and abroad, in the fight against the disease. To do this, the League Against Cancer created the campaign “La Liga Somos Todos”, to promote the participation of all Peruvians, regardless of the place or country where they were. Aim: Raise 2,000,000 soles in 2 days, so that the institution continues carrying out prevention and cancer detection actions in the less favored population, and thus reduce the high incidence of cancer in Peru. Strategy/Tactics: We involve all media, proposing that they be the main leaders and promoters of this crusade and that each one choose its maximum leader to represent it before public opinion, an action never before done in Peru to raise funds to prevent cancer. We invite the President of the Republic and all his Cabinet of Ministers, in addition to the municipal and regional authorities of the country to join the campaign. For the campaign to transcend the world: we get the collaboration of the embassies and consulates of Peru in the world, as well as communities of Peruvians abroad, getting thousands of Peruvians from five continents to join. We convinced recognized celebrities to be spokespersons for the campaign. A virtual donation platform “The Virtual Can” was created which was inserted in the main Web pages. Costs and returns: More than 100 media nationwide joined and committed to the campaign. More than 1200 ads ran for free that represented a savings of $ 500,000. More than 1060 publications in media that represented a saving of more than US $6,805,583. More than 500 authorities, influencers, media, companies, public and private institutions, joined by spreading content in their social networks. We managed to be a global trend 4 times with the hashtag #LaLigaSomosTodos (#WeAllTheLeague). Thanks to the support of all Peruvians, the League Against Cancer managed to raise more than 2,500,000 soles in a record time of 2 days, a historic figure never before achieved by institutions that fight against cancer. We learned that a communication campaign with clear messages from the beginning, achieved the participation and collaboration of a whole country that seeks to reduce the incidence of cancer. [Figure: see text]

After oil companies, what? Entrepreneurship experiences in the ecuadorian amazon

INTRODUCTION. The present investigation analyzes the elements that explain the failure of the undertakings carried out in the Ecuadorian Amazon. OBJECTIVE. The main objective of the study is to determine the socioeconomic factors that are difficult for the development of productive processes in the Amazonian indigenous communities, taking as a case study the community of Limoncocha. METHOD. Being a descriptive case study, qualitative research techniques were used 6 in-depth interviews with key actors and a focus group with 23 young people from the community. RESULTS. The analysis of the data obtained can be systematized in three determining aspects that hinder the development of community projects and sustainable undertakings over time: internal conflicts among the main leaders, educational system not oriented to entrepreneurship and the presence of inconclusive entrepreneurships. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In conclusion, it is argued that the absence of entrepreneurship culture, derived from a relationship of historical economic dependence with different public and private institutions, has given rise to the current scenario, where the community perceives itself as incapable of developing, managing and sustain community projects of a productive nature.

“Direita, sem vergonha”

Como a “nova direita” se diferencia e se aproxima das tradições do campo conservador brasileiro? Em que medida o fenômeno da “direita envergonhada” é afetado pelo discurso desses grupos? O artigo discute tais questões por meio da análise do discurso de um dos principais polos da direita contemporânea no Brasil – o deputado Jair Bolsonaro. Entendendo as narrativas como importantes mecanismos para a conformação de grupos políticos, busca-se compreender como esse ator contribui para as transformações no campo através de suas operações discursivas: quais os valores, atores e práticas atribuídos aos campos da esquerda e da direita pelo parlamentar. Como material primário, foram usados seus discursos na 54ª e 55ª legislatura para análises quantitativas e selecionadas entrevistas e declarações para análises qualitativas. Os resultados apontam para uma baixa relevância de questões econômicas no discurso do parlamentar, com ênfase em questões de cunho moral e na oposição aos governos petistas. Percebe-se grande valorização do período militar e uma reatualização do discurso anticomunista, vinculando-o ao antipetismo.

La Candidatura de Unidad Popular (CUP): origen, estructura y modelo originario

Este artículo analiza los orígenes y la configuración de la Candidatura de Unidad Popular (CUP) como partido político a raíz de su configuración como tal a nivel supramunicipal. La CUP es un partido independentista de izquierda radical que en los últimos años ha cobrado especial relevancia en la política en Cataluña por constituir uno de los principales impulsores del proceso soberanista que se vive en esta comunidad,y además, por el hecho de haber venido siendo un actor político clave en la gobernabilidad de la misma. Para tal fin, y utilizando el modelo elaborado por Panebianco (2009) como principal referente teórico, se abordarán las fuerzas políticas previas de las que dicha organización política es heredera, su creación y estructuración como partido político unitario, así como los motivos que explican su consolidación y expansión durante el último tiempo.

“Abajo Don Simón y nada con los reinosos”. Sobre el liberalismo separatista venezolano, 1821-1830

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar la separación de Venezuela de la Gran Colombia desde una perspectiva distinta a la tradicional, que suele centrarla en la rivalidad entre grandes caudillos o en la “traición” de la oligarquía caraqueña a Simón Bolívar. Basándonos en la tesis de que hubo un liberalismo separatista venezolano, la idea es demostrar la presencia de fenómenos más amplios, como los del nacimiento de una idea de nación en ciertos sectores que se esforzaron por reinstituir la llamada Antigua Venezuela, disuelta en la Gran Colombia en varios departamentos. Esta especie de nacionalismo, o protonacionalismo liberal, diseñó en los años grancolombianos el Estado venezolano que emerge en 1830.

El reto de la seguridad de los Centros de Justicia Penal Federal en México ante el Nuevo Sistema Penal Acusatorio y el Crimen Organizado

This document aims to generate for the reader an integral vision from the security perspective of the implications of an oral trial in front of the main leaders of the cartels in Mexico. The New Adversarial System represents one of the greatest challenges in terms of its implementation, since it represents a paradigm shift in the prosecution of crimes and in the delivery of justice in this country. This topic is particularly relevant when one analyzes it in the context of a security crisis detonated by the growth and empowerment of organized crime, which has co-opted many government structures and society itself.

Policies on Chinese Medicine in China May Have Enlightenments to Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the World.

From the event of TU You-you winning the Nobel Prize, this paper briefly reviewed the history of formation and development of policies on Chinese medicine (CM) in China. On the basis of analyzing the causes of policies on CM, it is believed that policies on CM in China may have 4 kinds of enlightenments to the development of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the world. Forming the political advantages of policy-making by main leaders of the country attaching importance to CAM; implementing a diversified health care system policy for the goal of maximizing people's health interests; ensuring development of CAM by the coerciveness of law and the timeliness of policy adjustment; and promoting the protection and mining, sorting out and improving of CAM based on open and comprehensive policies.

Mapping Italian News Media Political Coverage in the Lead-Up of 2018 General Election

This study presents an analysis of the online media coverage in the run up to 2018 Italian General election. We illustrate how immigration, corruption and privileges of the elite – also related to a certain rhetoric on the inability of the state to protect the rights of the needy – were in fact the most salient topics throughout the months before and during the election. Both topics were largely central in both Salvini’s League and Di Maio’s Five Stars Movement agenda. Nevertheless, the leaders most frequently cited in online news articles were Matteo Renzi (PD) and Silvio Berlusconi (Forza Italia). By deep diving into the contents of main leaders media coverage and respective social media engagement we document the centrality of stories unravelling around leaders’ legal issues, alleged collusion and scandals. While the media clusters emerging from the network analysis clearly resembles the tripartite structure of the contemporary Italian politics articulated in centre-left, centre-right and Five Stars Movement, the different weight and articulation within each cluster clearly describe the strengths of M5S and centre-right (largely dominated by the League) and the weakness of the centre-left. While our analysis depicted a clear profile of the actors and topics that catalyzed the highest social media interactions and thus attention, we also illustrate a number of strategies employed by different communities to amplify the reach of contents aligned with own worldview while reframing negative coverage through comments. Overall, explicitly partisan and hyper-partisan sources catalyzed a significant share of the social media interactions performed by the online audience in the lead up of the election. The analysis includes the evaluation and mapping of the Italian media landscape from several perspectives and is based on large-scale data collection of online news articles published on the web, shared and interacted on Facebook and Twitter.