Main Field Testing Research Articles

Development of an endurance training model in athletic performance: a case study on long distance running in Indonesia

This research aims to create innovative and effective endurance training materials tailored for long-distance runners aged 15-18. Utilizing the research and development (RnD) approach with the Borg and Gall model, the study incorporates feedback from expert validators and athletes along with their coaches from Sorong, West Papua. The research procedure encompasses ten stages, starting with problem identification and culminating in the implementation of the final product, involving 80 athletes. These stages include initial analysis, planning, initial product development, preliminary field testing, primary product revision, main field testing, operational product revision, operational field testing, final product revision, and dissemination and implementation. The involvement of both experts and practitioners ensures the training materials are theoretically sound and practically applicable. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21, employing a normality test, a homogeneity test, and a paired-sample t-test to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. The normality test confirmed the data followed a normal distribution, while the homogeneity test ensured the sample groups were comparable. The paired-sample t-test results indicated the newly developed book-based endurance training model significantly enhanced athletes' performance (p-value 0.000), showing a more substantial improvement in training outcomes compared to conventional methods (p-value 0.014). This improvement is attributed to the structured and comprehensive nature of the training materials, which include interactive elements and technology integration, making the training process more engaging and effective for young athletes. In conclusion, adopting interactive and technology-based training models can significantly aid in developing endurance skills in young long-distance runners, addressing specific needs and optimizing their training regimen. Keywords: Athletics, Endurance Training, Exercise Media, Physical Education

DESIGN OF E-MODULE TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM FOR BIPA LEARNING

This research aims to design teaching materials in e-modules that integrate local wisdom to increase the effectiveness of learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA). In the era of globalization, understanding local culture is important to support a more contextual and authentic language learning process. The e-module developed in this research focuses on introducing and understanding local Indonesian culture, such as customs, traditional arts, and social values. This development model uses the Borg & Gall development model, namely preliminary study, research planning, design development, preliminary field test, revision of limited field test results, main field test, revision of wider field test results, feasibility test, final revision of feasibility test results, and dissemination and implementation of the final product. Data collection at the pre-development stage was carried out using a questionnaire validation instrument. The type of data in this research is qualitative data. Qualitative data was obtained from expert test questionnaire validation in the form of data resulting from comments, criticism, and suggestions in the form of nonverbal data at the pre-development stage.

Designing an Expert System for Evaluating Student Stress Levels: A Novel Instrument Using Backward and Forward Chaining Methods

Academic stress is a problem that students often experience, especially when completing final studies such as writing a thesis. This research aims to develop an instrument for measuring students' academic stress levels based on an expert system using forward chaining and backward chaining methods. The research method used is research and development (RD) with a Borg and Gall design which includes 10 steps. These steps include: (1) Research and information collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Developing a preliminary form of the product, (4) Preliminary field testing, (5) Main product revision, (6) Main field testing, (7) Operational product revision, (8) Operational field testing, (9) Final product revision, and (10) Dissemination and implementation. By following these steps, the research ensures a systematic and thorough development process, leading to a reliable instrument for measuring academic stress. The data collection instrument was the Guttman model academic stress scale (SSA) with 48 valid and reliable items (rxy = 0.785). Data was obtained from 319 IAIN Batusangkar student respondents which were processed descriptively. The results showed that 34.8% of respondents experienced high levels of academic stress, 32.6% moderate, and 32.6% low. Furthermore, this research develops a web-based expert system application to detect students' academic stress levels by using forward chaining, which starts from data to reach a conclusion, and backward chaining, which starts from a goal to verify it with available data. These methods ensure accurate stress level assessments. Through this technological approach, the research provides a comprehensive solution for managing and reducing student academic stress effectively and efficiently, with findings showing that the expert system significantly improves early detection and personalized stress management strategies for students.

Development of Independent Curriculum Printable Modules Pancasila Education Subject Class V SD Nurul Islam Cileungsi

This study aims to develop learning media in the form of printed modules for the Merdeka Curriculum in the fifth grade Pancasila Education subject at SD Nurul Islam, Bogor Regency. This research uses a combination of the Borg and Gall development model with Rowntree which results in a development model with the following steps; preliminary study, planning, writing preparation, initial draft development, initial trial, revision of trial results, main product field test, product revision, wide-scale field trial, final product revision and module dissemination and implementation. The feasibility test uses the validation of material experts, media experts and instructional design experts and considers the results of the user test of students and teachers. The material experts' feasibility test yielded results of 91%, the media design experts' 90%, the instructional design experts' 87%, the student users' 94%, and the instructor users' 94%. received the designation of "extremely feasible" overall. These findings suggest that using printed modules to enhance the learning outcomes of fifth-grade Pancasila Education pupils at Nurul Islam Elementary School is rather practical. According to the study of the pretest and posttest findings, students' average pretest score was 55, their average posttest score was 91, and their highest average score was 100. The effectiveness test yielded a value of 0.8 in the high category, or percented to 80, based on the N-Gain score formula findings. A conversion level of > 76 indicates that the N-Gain score attainment level is considered effective. Therefore, using the Merdeka curriculum print module helps students in class V at Nuurl Islam Elementary School achieve better learning results in Pancasila Education courses. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the development of the Merdeka curriculum print module in Pancasila Education subjects in grade V SD Nurul Islam is feasible and effective to use.

Innovation of Edupreneurship-based Science Literacy Module to Increase Independent Dimensions of Elementary School Students

Independent attitude is one aspect of the main goals of education. However, this independent attitude needs special attention, as currently the strawberry generation phenomenon which is characterized by children's low level of independence is widespread including in Indonesia. This research aims to develop innovative a scientific literacy module based on Ajak-Temani-Mandiri learning model integrated with Edupreneurship to increase the independent attitude of elementary school students. This research used Borg & Gall research and development method with stages, namely: research and information collecting; planning; develop preliminary form of product; preliminary field testing; main product revision; main field testing; operational product revision; operational field testing; final product revision; and dissemination & implementation. The subjects in this research were one expert judgment who validated the instrument, two expert judgments as product validators: namely validators of learning resources and materials. Meanwhile, the limited trial subjects for this research were class IV students at SDNS, totaling 21 students, and for the wide trial, class IV students at SDNM1, totaling 56 students. Data collection techniques were carried out using interview, observation and questionnaire techniques. The data analysis technique used qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques in the form of inferential statistics. The results showed that a scientific literacy module was produced with characteristics in accordance with the stages of Ajak-Temani-Mandiri learning model integrated by edupreneurship which is valid and proven was able to increase students’ independent attitude of elementary school students.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika pada Materi Pecahan di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Kota Tambolaka

This research aims to produce interactive media on fractional blok board, knowing the validity, practicality and effectiveness of students on fraction material and learning media on the fraction block board. The research method used is the Borg and Gall development model (research and information collection, Planning, Development preliminary from of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, main field testing, operational product revision, operational field testing, final product revision, and dissemination and implementasi). The subjects of this research are students in class VII Tambolaka City 3 Public Middle School. Thus, the results of the validity of the material and media in this research can be stated highly valid ininitial field trial classes 97% and 97,916%, main field test class 98% and 100%, and operational field trial classesempiis 99% and 100%. Practicality results in learning media by validators and students in the test class initial field test 97,5% and (highest 77,5% and lowest 52,5%), test class main 100% and (highest 87,5% and lowest 75%), and trial class operational/empirical 100% and (highest 97,5% and lowest 75%). Where, as a results of student effectiveness, the highest score was 100% and the lowest was 52%.

Concept Attaiment Model Based on Traditional Technology Organizers for Strengthening Global Science Literacy and Creative Character

This study aims to obtain a concept attaiment model based on traditional technology organizers that is feasible, practical, and effective to strengthen global science literacy and creative character. This research uses the Borg and Gall development research model with stages, including: information collection research, planning, initial development, initial testing (initial field testing), main product revision, main testing (main field testing), operational product revision, operational field testing, final product revision, and dissemination. Exploration of traditional technology is carried out to obtain experimental media that will be summarized into organizers for learning media. Hypothetical model validation (FGD-focus group discussion) involves lecturers and education practitioners in West Kalimantan to obtain eligibility. Limited initial field testing with purposive sampling techniques at IKIP PGRI Pontianak with a pre-experimental one group pretest posttest design. Global science literacy is measured using questionnaires. Creative character is measured using scientific creativity tests referencing divergent thinking. The results of the study obtained a concept attaiment model based on traditional technology organizers to strengthen global science literacy and valid creative characters with excellent criteria. The t-test results show that the concept attaiment model based on traditional technology organizers is effective for improving global science literacy and creative character. Students and educators respond well to the application of concept attaiment models based on traditional technology organizers.

POGIL Learning Model—Metaphorming for Mobile-Based Cryptography Creation

The cryptography course has a mathematical basis and involves programming algorithms in the creation process while the implementation utilizes a programming language. Cryptography has been widely implemented in everyday life. However, the interest and learning outcomes of students in cryptography courses have not met expectations. Processoriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) models integrated with metaphor. The POGIL metaphorming model is a student-centered learning model directed at active and creative thinking processes. One of the important processes in this stage is to develop a preliminary form of the product, conduct preliminary field testing, make the main product revision, conduct the main field testing, and perform operational product revisions. Based on the findings from the initial stage, an integrated learning model was developed for the cryptography course. Data for the model validation stage included model books, textbooks, lecturer’s guides, and student guides, calculated using content and construct validation techniques. Analysis of validity test data involves calculating the average score of all validator answers using Aiken’s coefficient v. The study results indicated that the model learning POGIL metaphorming is validly designed to enhance student learning processes and outcomes in cryptography courses.

The Impact of Stem Integration in Pancasila Character-Oriented Learning on the Professional Competence of Indonesian Elementary School Teacher Candidates

Purpose: This research aims to develop a model of STEM integration in Pancasila character-oriented learning. Method: This type of research is research and development model which consists of ten steps, namely research and information collecting, planning, initial product development, preliminary field test, main product revision, main field test, operational product revision, operational field test, final product revision, and dissemination. Results and conclusion: The model involves six stages of activity with ten phases or steps, known as the ten M's. The validity of the model was rated highly by experts (average 4.29) and potential users (average 4.22). This model has advantages and innovations in the integration between STEM and Pancasila characters, which are the characters and identity of the Indonesian nation. The trial results showed a significant increase in the achievement of professional competence, increasing from 50.24% to 88.57% with an n-gain test of 76.73%. These results confirm that the use of STEM in Pancasila character-oriented learning is effective in improving the competence of elementary school teachers in Indonesia. Implications of the research: The STEM integration model in Pancasila character-oriented learning can form prospective elementary school teachers with character that has its own characteristics and good validity so that it can be used to shape the character of future teachers. Originality/value: This model has advantages and innovations in the integration between STEM and the Pancasila character which is the character and identity of the Indonesian nation.

Decision Making System For Selection Of Prospective Scholarship Recipients Using The Saw (Simple Additive Waighting) Method At Vocational School Bina Negara Gubug

The selection system at Bina Negara Gubug Vocational School Jl. KH. Hasan Anwar No.9 Gubug currently processes data on the criteria for each student for each type of scholarship. It does not yet have a database system but uses a computerized system with Microsoft Excel, so there are often delays in the selection process in preparing the selection report for scholarship recipients. This research uses the Research and Development (R & D) development model by Borg and Gall with 6 steps of development, namely Research and Information Collecting, Planning, Develop Premilinary Form of Product, Premilinary Field Testing, Main Product Revision, Main Field Testing. The scholarship selection decision support system application product uses the SAW (Simple Additive Waighting) method. Visual Basic 6.0 development software and Microsoft Access database. This system can provide a useful solution for the decision-making system for selecting scholarship recipients for schools so that a better and faster selection can be achieved.

The Development of Assessment Instrument Based on Wordwall to Measure Process Science Skills for Environmental Pollution

This study aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of an assessment instruments based on Wordwall in measuring students' science process skills of junior high school science learning in environmental pollution materials. This research is a type of development research (Research and Development) that refers to the procedure of the Borg and Gall development model which has stages including research and information collecting, planning, develop the preliminary form of the product, product design validation, main product revisions, main field testing, operational product revision, operational field testing, final product revision. The subject of the study was a grade VII student of SMPN 2 Ajung, Jember. This study used instruments in the form of validation sheets, practicality sheets, student questionnaire sheets, and science process skills tests. Data analysis techniques used in research consist of validity test analysis, practicality test analysis, and effectiveness test analysis. The results showed that out of 20 multiple-choice questions developed from aspects of material, construction, and language based on the assessment of 3 validators were declared very valid and worthy of use without revision. The twenty multiple-choice questions tested have valid question item validity. The assessment instrument has a reliability value of 0.612. The difficulty level analysis obtained 5 easy criteria questions, 14 medium criteria questions, and 1 difficult criteria question. The effectiveness of the assessment instrument obtained the average results of students' science process skills of 55%, including the sufficient category and student response questionnaires of 81%, so they were declared very good.

Integrating Religious Moderation Values in an English Course Book

This study aims to offer such an alternative to the lack of suitable materials that it addresses the need for comprehensive educational resources by focusing on the development of an English course book integrated with religious moderation indicators. The steps in this research were generally known as the R&D cycle developed by Borg and Gall. They were research and information collecting, planning, development of the preliminary form of the product, preliminary field test, main product revision, main field testing, operational product revision, operational field test, and final product revision. Throughout the research process, the course book is able to provide instructional sentences in English that serves as scaffolding talk for instructors who may not be accustomed to using English in the classroom. This approach fosters an active and dynamic English language environment, offering valuable language input for students. The content and learning experiences of all chapters are organized in such a way that they are integrated with religious moderation indicators covering national commitment, tolerance, rejecting of violence, and accommodating local culture. Each chapter of the course book consists of six parts, starting from let’s find out, let’s listen, let’s speak, let’s read, let’s write, and let’s evaluate. Overall, the English course book developed does not only encompass comprehensive English skills and language components but also align with the interests and needs of students while integrating values of religious moderation.

Kaffah Science Learning Model: The Meaning and its Influence on the Character of Pre-service Teachers

This research aims to eliminate the perception of science learning as difficult and boring and to examine its influence on the character of preservice teachers. Meaningful refers to the concept of science acquired in learning, linked to the perspectives of the Quran and Hadith, natural phenomena (learning from nature), and the meaningfulness of formulas obtained. This study follows the Borg & Gall research and development model with stages of research and information collecting, planning, developing a preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, main field testing, operational product revision, operational field testing, final product revision, dissemination, and implementation. The developed Science Kaffah Learning Model must be valid and tested. The improvement of the character of PGMI UIN Mataram pre-service teachers is determined based on the n-gain. The research results indicate that the developed Science Kaffah learning model is valid, reliable, and suitable for use and can enhance the character of pre-service teachers.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Smart Apps Creator Mata Pelajaran IPAS Kelas IV SDN 14 Pontianak Selatan

This study aims to produce a product in the form of interactive learning media based on Smart Apps Creator for the IPAS subject that is deemed suitable for use. The Research and Development (R&D) method is employed, adapting the Borg & Gall development method, which includes only 7 stages: research and data collection, planning, initial product development, initial field testing, main product revision, field testing, and operational product revision. This research involves both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection methods include interviews, documentation, validator validation questionnaires, and questionnaires during field testing. The results indicate that during the development process of interactive learning media based on Smart Apps Creator, these seven stages were successfully executed. The language aspect's feasibility, with the highest percentage value at 83%, falls into the "Very Good" category. Furthermore, the validation results from experts show a percentage value of 80%, categorized as "Good". The design aspect's feasibility obtains a percentage value of 86.39%, falling into the "Very Good" category, while the results of validity testing by experts show a percentage value of 85.93%, also falling into the "Very Good" category. Meanwhile, the feasibility of the content aspect obtains a percentage value of 88%, which falls into the "Very Good" category, and the results of validity testing by experts show a percentage value of 80%, categorized as "Good". Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the developed educational game media for the sixth-grade Science subject at SD Negeri 14 Pontianak Selatan is considered suitable for use in the teaching and learning process.

The Development of Four-tier Diagnostic Test for Identifying Misconception in Chemical Equilibrium of Students Pharmacy Vocational School

Chemical equilibrium material includes abstract concepts, mathematical calculations, and involves macroscopic, microscopic and symbolic representations. The characteristic of the chemical equilibrium have the potential to cause students to have difficulty understanding the material which can lead to misconceptions. One of the test instruments that is expected to be effective in identifying misconceptions in student is a Four-Tier Diagnostic Test.
 This study aimed to develope a Four-tier Diagnostic Test Instrumen that can identifity misconceptions of chemical equilibrium in student’s pharmacy vocational school, know the quality of the developed diagnostic test items and find out informations about the analysis results of the diagnostic test.
 This study was a development research by Borg & Gall, 4D (defining, designing, developing, disseminating) with content validation by three validators. The participants of main field testing were 60 grade XI students of pharmacy vocational school. Data collections is to provide four-tier diagnostic test in the form multiple choice with CRI (Certainty of Response Index), obeservation, interview and questionnaire. It used descriptive quantitative and qualitative.
 The result of is that the four-tier multiple choice diagnostic test instrument developed was declared to be feasible and met the criteria as a good problem with averege validity of 3,77 and reability of the best 0,80 included in the high category, discriminating power of the items composed 8 good questions and 12 enough questions and the difficulty test items composed 18 good questions and 2 difficult questions. There are many misconceptiond from chemical equilibrium developed.
 This research only developed Four-tier diagnostic test in the conigtive. The next researcher can be combine in the cognitive and afektif. Four-tier diagnostic test is able to identifity misconseptions of chemical equilibrium.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX PROBLEM SOLVING TESTS IN NEWTON’S DYNAMIC FOR HIGH SCHOOL

Complex problem solving (CPS) is important for students, but educators rarely provide tests that hone CPS, because the available tests are not up to standard. The aim of the study was to develop a physics test instrument based on CPS for high school that met the qualifications in the aspects of validity, reliability, discriminatory power and level of difficulty. The type of research used is the Borg & Gall research and development (R&D) model with 9 stages, namely: (1) preliminary study of problem-solving test instruments, (2) planning of instrument development and testing, (3) development of problem-solving-based test instruments, (4) initial field test by 5 material, construction and language expert validators, (5) main product revision, (6) main field test on 20 test takers, (7) operational product revision, (8) operational field test on 100 participants tests, and (9) final product revisions. This research uses a mixed method approach with qualitative and quantitative analysis. The developed test instrument consists of 15 essay test items. The results of the initial field test obtained 30 valid test items with minor revisions on the material, construction and language aspects. The results of the main field test obtained 14 test items valid and very reliable. The operational field test results obtained 14 valid and very reliable test items so that the CPS test is suitable for use and can be useful in helping educators to hone students' CPS ability.

Developing Critical Literacy-Based Instructional Reading Materials for Teaching EFL Reading Classes

Reading material development becomes one of the challenges in EFL reading class. Most of educators choose to adopt the existing learning materials due to the capacity and time constraints in the material development. This study aims to develop critical literacy-based instructional reading materials used to teach EFL reading classes. This study adopted the research design proposed by Plomp and Nieveen (2010); preliminary phase, prototyping phase, and evaluation phase. There are two types of data in this study; quantitative and qualitative data. Furthermore, the quantitative data were obtained from a questionnaire and reading test. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were collected from interviews and class observation. The study was conducted in English Language Education study programs in three universities in Yogyakarta and Pekanbaru. The findings of the study show that the developed instructional materials met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The results of the validation process indicate that the instructional reading materials were categorized into appropriate (3.3) to be used for teaching reading. The practicality of the product indicates that the developed product is very appropriate (85%) to enhance students’ critical awareness on particular social issues. Also, the developed product has interesting and diverse learning activities (60%) which is appropriate for students of the English Language Education Study Program. After conducting the main field testing, it was seen that the Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05. Therefore, the developed product is effective to improve the students’ critical literacy skills.

Development of Waves Critical Thinking Test: Physics Essay Test for High School Student

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study aims to produce a product to evaluate students' critical thinking skills that departs from physics content where students often have misconceptions. This research is a development research with research stages covering a) research and review literature; (b) planning chapter objectives; (c) developing a preliminary form; (d) field-testing the preliminary form; (e) Revise the preliminary form; (f) conducting a main field-test. The Waves Critical Thinking (WCT) test developed consists of 7 questions with 15 specific domains. Total percentage of content validity test was obtained 87.98% with appropriate criteria and based on the construct validity WCT test, the Goodness of Fit criteria were obtained which were classified as fit. The test instrument being tested consists of 15 objective items. The reliability of WCT test results 0.597 as a Cronbach's alpha score with the medium category and all the components have a good level of composite reliability. The outcome of the study was the WCT test with a valid state for measuring students' CT in a specific domain of physics wave material.</p>

Realistic Mathematics Engineering for improving elementary school students’ mathematical literacy

Mastery of mathematical literacy is essential for developing life skills in the 21st century. Mathematical literacy is even more critical in elementary schools as it forms the basis for mastery at the junior and senior high school levels. Elementary school students differ in their characteristics from students at the higher education level. They, therefore, require an appropriate learning model to improve their mathematical literacy. This research aims to develop a learning model, termed Realistic Mathematics Engineering (RMEng), that combines the Realistic Mathematics Education approach with the steps of the Engineering Design Process and determines the model’s effectiveness. The model was validated by seven experts from three universities in Indonesia and had an Aiken validity index value of 0.786, indicating that it was valid. The RMEng model contains the following steps: understanding realistic problems, solving problems in informal ways, developing formal mathematics, developing products, and drilling. Discussions and presentations can be incorporated into each of these five steps. The RMEng model was subjected to the stages of preliminary and main field testing and was revised based on the suggestions of teachers and observers. Through experimental research compared to a control group, the RMEng model was proven more effective in increasing elementary school students’ mathematical literacy at the 0.000 significance level.

Development of a Digital Based Sit and Reach Test and Measurement Tool

The purpose of this study was to produce an effective and efficient digital-based sit and reach measurement test kit as a test development and measurement of back muscle flexibility. The type of research in this research is a mixed methods research with a Research & Development (R&D) research design from Borg and Gall. This research was conducted with 9 research stages namely, (1) Research and information collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Develop preliminary form of product, (4) Preliminary field testing, (5) Main product revision, (6) Main field testing, (7) Operational product revision, (8) Operational field testing, (9) Final product revision. The population in this study used students from the Faculty of Sports Science and Athletes of Pelatda Sumut. Furthermore, from the Phase I trial, totaling 15 people showed a score of 87.8% with the Eligible criteria, then from the Phase II trial, which totaled 30 Pelatda Sumut athletes, it showed a figure of 90% in the Very Eligible category. From the results of the research/feasibility test carried out by test and measurement experts, IT experts and sports academic experts, it shows a score of 96% in the Very Eligible category, so it can be used. Based on the data obtained, the development of a digital-based sit and reach test and measurement tool was declared feasible to be developed as a test tool and measurement of back muscle flexibility.