Main Directions Research Articles

MAIN DIRECTIONS IN SOCIAL POLICY OF GERMANY IN 2005–2021

The exploration of social policy is important for understanding the role of the state in solving social problems and promoting public welfare. The article considers the main directions in the implementation of German social policy in 2005–2021: reforming the labor market and the unemployment insurance system, adapting to modern challenges in the pension system and education, increasing access to medical services and long-term care services. Based on documents and literature, the author considers the possibility of carrying out modernization measures in priority areas of the social sphere. It is concluded that, despite the efforts of the ruling coalitions, there is a tendency towards the emergence of a number of social problems on a local and global scale that require structural reforms.

Adaptation of the Scaling Factor Based on the Success Rate in Differential Evolution

Differential evolution is a popular heuristic black-box numerical optimization algorithm which is often used due to its simplicity and efficiency. Parameter adaptation is one of the main directions of study regarding the differential evolution algorithm. The main reason for this is that differential evolution is highly sensitive to the scaling factor and crossover rate parameters. In this study, a novel adaptation technique is proposed which uses the success rate to replace the popular success history-based adaptation for scaling factor tuning. In particular, the scaling factor is sampled with a Cauchy distribution, whose location parameter is set as an nth order root of the current success rate, i.e., the ratio of improved solutions to the current population size. The proposed technique is universal and can be applied to any differential evolution variant. Here it is tested with several state-of-the-art variants of differential evolution, and on two benchmark sets, CEC 2017 and CEC 2022. The performed experiments, which include modifications of algorithms developed by other authors, show that in many cases using the success rate to determine the scaling factor can be beneficial, especially with relatively small computational resource.

Development of central bank digital currencies: a bibliometric analysis

PurposeWe aim to conduct a bibliometric analysis that explores and maps quantitative data of the emerging field of central bank digital currencies in science and its implications in practice. We seek to clarify the underlying research structures and streams of the new phenomena, and our motivation is the rising number of pilots between governments seeking to implement different types of central bank digital currency.Design/methodology/approachWe designed the unique set of keywords to explore ongoing projects on central bank digital currencies and the evolution of scientific thought on the topic. We conducted a descriptive analysis and an evaluating bibliometric analysis on the timeline from 2018 to April 18, 2023 and investigated 76 articles in the Web of Science database and 152 articles in the Scopus database using VOSviewer.FindingsWe highlight three main directions of discourse on central bank digital currencies in economics using authors keyword analysis, that are: (1) cash, (2) monetary policy and (3) financial stability. We conducted a map-based text analysis of the abstracts and identified the following main streams of discussion in the field: (1) policy-related research on financial systems, (2) a comprehensive review of the design and features of central bank digital currencies and (3) research on the impact of central bank digital currencies on the banking system.Originality/valueThe unique set of keywords allows us to continue the discourse on central bank digital currencies including implications of ongoing governmental projects on the topic and provide directions for future research. We brought the focus on the impact of central bank digital currencies on the banking sector and the new possible order for cash, deposits and payments.

Application and existing problems of artificial intelligence technology in the agricultural field

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of agriculture has been rapidly developed. This paper summarizes the application of artificial intelligence in agriculture and divides it into two main directions: monitoring system and expert system. This paper analyzes the soil monitoring, pest monitoring, and plant growth detection of the monitoring system, the simple decision chain of the expert system, and the complex expert system combined with artificial intelligence technology. Utilizing sensor networks, image processing, and machine learning techniques, artificial intelligence enables real-time monitoring of soil parameters, automatic identification of pest and disease, analysis of plant growth status, and provision of tailored management recommendations. By employing rule-based expert systems, artificial intelligence assists farmers in making informed decisions. These applications have significantly advanced resource management optimization, pest control, precise growth monitoring, and intelligent decision-making in agriculture. At the end of the article, this paper summarizes the full text and looks forward to the future trend.

Reading as Media Consumption: Modern Russian Features

In recent years, the processes of media consumption have exposed a significant transformation. The place of reading in its structure also has changed. The article discusses the similarities between reading books and magazines as a process itself and sociocultural practice. The author suggests that book, magazine and news media consumption is in a relationship of mutual support and mutual influence. The author argues that the habit of such "long" reading is being influenced by crisis phenomena in the periodical segment: a sharp decline in readership, a decline in print circulation and difficulty in accessing. In recent years, the focus on electronic formats of publications has been the main direction in the transformation of reader practices. If e-books are considered as the same "long” reading practice, the similarity with media consumption practices on the Internet, especially in social networks, is doubtful. Despite the fact that in the Internet and social networks the audience also "reads", the intellectual ethic of consuming quick unrelated pieces of information from a variety of sources is changing this sociocultural practice itself. Soon, book reading, quite possibly, will depend on the accumulated practices of Internet surfing, Internet reading and the ability of people to deal with long texts.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРАВОВОЙ РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦИИ ПРОЦЕССА ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫМ ТЕРРОРИСТИЧЕСКИМ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯМ В СТРАНАХ СНГ

The scientific article is devoted to the specifics of the legal regulation of the process of countering modern terrorist manifestations on the territory of the CIS member states. The relevance of international coopera-tion of law enforcement agencies of the CIS countries in the field of countering terrorist manifestations is determined. The scientific article reveals the elements of the international anti-terrorist system at the global and Eurasian levels. The anti-terrorist positions of the United Nations are being considered. The active positions of the Russian Federation as a member of the United Nations in the formation of anti-terrorist structures at the international level are considered. The necessity of the existence of the Council of Ministries of Internal Affairs of the CIS member states is pointed out and the main directions of this international structure are considered.

Некоторые меры государственной и негосударственной поддержки для семей с детьми: роль организаций некоммерческого сектора

<p>The study aims to clarify the status of state support measures for children and families with children and the role of organizations of the non-profit sector in providing comprehensive support to families. The purpose of the article is to summarize the data and theoretically analyze various measures to support families with children. The main research method is theoretical analysis. Results of the study demonstrate the main directions of state support and activities of organizations of the non-profit sector, as well as controversial issues and contradictions in access to data, were identified. In the course of the theoretical analysis, a number of diverse factors have been identified that influence the process and result of supporting families with children. It is noted that the involvement of NGOs in the system of proactive preservation with the preservation of health status would increase the strengthening of the effectiveness of the implementation of social policy in the Russian Federation and double care for those who need it.</p>

Роль Гейдара Алиева в истории Южного Кавказа (1969-1982)

The main purpose of the study is to draw attention to the role of the personality factor in the economic, social and cultural development of the Azerbaijan SSR among the 15 republics of the Soviet Union from the 1960s to the 1980s. The article analyzes the essence of the purposeful policy of the national leader of the Azerbaijani people Heydar Aliyev, who led the country during the Soviet years, and identifies the main direction of the socio-economic development of the South Caucasus during that period. Scientific innovation: the role of the personality factor in the transformation of the Azerbaijan SSR into the leading republic of the South Caucasus was identified. The leadership characteristics of the national leader Heydar Aliyev, as well as the influence of his relations with other political figures represented in the government of the USSR on the overall processes of historical development were determined. As a result, it was noted that the period of Heydar Aliyev’s political and statehood activities covering the years 1969-1982 can also be characterized as a period of true development, progress, revival, and return to national self-awareness after the Sovietization of Azerbaijan. Heydar Aliyev’s policy transformed Azerbaijan from the most backward republic included in the Soviet Union into the most rapidly developing country of the South Caucasus.

Investigation of the film cooling performance of ceramic matrix composites plate with different braided structures

The ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials have been gradually applied in the high temperature components, due to its excellent heat resistance and mechanical performance. The CMC component still need cooling to protect its safe operation in the high temperature environment of aero engine, such as film cooling structure. This study focuses on the influence of braided structure on the film cooling effect over a three-dimensional braided CMC plate. The full-size calculation model reflecting the internal mesoscale structure of CMC plate was established. The thermal properties of fibers and matrix are also introduced in mesoscale. The geometric parameter which is braided angle of braided structure is changed in different models, to analyze its impacts on the comprehensive film cooling effect. The results show that the fiber bundles inside the CMC plate are the main heat transfer channel, due to its relatively higher thermal conductivity. The different braided angles affect the anisotropic thermal conductivity of CMC on the three main directions. There exists an optimal braided angle near 40° that maximizes the heat dissipation effect in the region near the film cooling holes. While in the downstream region away from holes, the influence of braided angle is weak.

Television documentaries of the People's Republic of China (using the example of CCTV)

Television documentaries in China, especially on the largest national television channel China Central Television (CCTV), is a unique object of research reflecting a wide range of socio-cultural, political and technological aspects of the development of Chinese society. CCTV is not only an important information and entertainment source, but also a powerful tool for influencing public opinion, forming national identity and promoting public policy. The analysis of the history of the development of television documentaries in China reflects the influence of political events and socio-cultural changes on its evolution. Starting from the early stages of the development of Chinese television, when it served as a tool of state propaganda, and up to the present, when new topics and genres appeared, the study will help to understand how television documentaries have become an important element of cultural heritage and a means of public communication. The organizational structure of CCTV, as a key player in the Chinese media space, plays a significant role in shaping content and influencing public opinion. The method or methodology of the study. The methodology of this study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of television documentaries in China with an in-depth examination of the example of China Central Television (CCTV). This methodology is based on a comprehensive study of historical, cultural, political and technological aspects of the development of television documentaries in China. The study of television documentaries in China, with a focus on the example of China Central Television (CCTV), provides a significant contribution to understanding the diverse aspects of the formation and impact of this media format in the context of Chinese culture and society. The scientific novelty of this study is manifested in several key aspects. Firstly, an extensive historical analysis reveals the evolution of television documentaries in China over various periods, emphasizing the influence of political changes and socio-cultural factors on its development. Secondly, the structural analysis of CCTV reveals the organizational mechanisms that form documentary projects. Considering the interaction between the structure of the channel and the content of programs makes it possible to understand what factors influence the formation and implementation of documentary initiatives, as well as how these factors are related to public policy. The third important achievement is the thematic analysis, which highlights the main themes and directions of documentary on CCTV.

A Scoping Review of Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector

Academic interest in public sector entrepreneurship has surged in recent decades. However, the research stream remains fragmented with little coherence or consistency. While this can be expected due to its nascent nature and due to variations in the sizes/duties of public sector institutions around the world, it also justifies the need for a review study providing synthesis and coherence. This paper seeks to fill this void. Using a systematic scoping review method, this article investigates the field of public sector entrepreneurship, exploring the evolution and performance of studies. It also includes a thematic delineation of the main research directions, and identifies knowledge gaps. We unpack the main research methodologies, most frequently studied countries, level of comparative or multi-study analyses , and most popular directions of research, among others. This paper provides a strong base for future research on the topic.

On the Influence of Wave-Shaped Tool Path Strategies on Geometric Accuracy in Incremental Sheet Forming

In incremental sheet forming (ISF), the geometrical accuracy is still a challenge that is only solved for specific applications. The underlying mechanisms of geometrical defects in ISF are very complex and still not fully understood. Nevertheless, the process understanding is constantly evolving. Recent work has shown, for example, how bending moments resulting from residual stresses affect geometric accuracy. It has become clear that resulting bending moments with an axis parallel to the main tool path direction are dominant. Based on that, the current paper investigates the hypothesis that linear and parallel tool paths lead to an unfavourable accumulation of residual bending moments along a common axis, and whether this accumulation effect can be reduced by wave-shaped tool paths. Thus, the described research investigates the influence of novel path strategies on the residual bending moments and the resulting geometrical deviations. The path strategies are based on wave-shaped path lines, whereas the curvature is within the sheet plane. The investigations focussed on a rectangular sheet that is clamped at its shortest edges and a part geometry-sensitive to springback. Experimental and numerical investigations show a significantly positive influence of some investigated path strategies on the geometric deviation, compared to a conventional path strategy.

Overview of the V International Conference on Applied Physics, Information Technologies and Engineering - APITECH-V 2023

The overview describes the main directions and results of the V International Conference APITECH-V 2023 held in Bukhara, Uzbekistan on 26-28 October 2023. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. The purpose of the Conference is to share the experience of leading experts in the application of modern methods of applied physics and information technology in high-tech production, in the fields of aerospace, energy, chemical and oil and gas engineering.List of International Programme Committee is available in the Pdf.

Study of dynamics of the turning process in pneumechanical spinning in the presence of false torsion

The paper presents the results of a study of the dynamics of the process of torsion of yarn of pneumomechanical spinning in the presence of false torsion. Dynamic mathematical models of the process of torsion of yarn of pneumomechanical spinning in the presence of false torsion in unsteady modes of starting and stopping the forming-twisting device are constructed. By now, the question of yarn twisting in a transient mode of operation in rotor spinning remains unexplored. We have here made an attempt to fill the indicated gap by constructing mathematical models of a forming-twisting device during torsion. In connection with the above-mentioned problem arises to systematize the accumulated information on new methods of forming yarn and constructions of forming and torque devices, to clarify a number of questions of theory and technology, and also to classify methods of forming yarn. The main direction of development of new methods of yarn formation remains the improvement of the high-speed modes of the working organs and, above all, of the forming and turning devices, which raises a number of important problems of both technological and structural nature.

The Research Trend of Soft Tissue Filler Injection from 2000 to 2022: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.

The demand for soft tissue filler injections has experienced a significant increase in recent years. Therefore, this study used bibliometric analysis to identify prominent research areas and emerging trends within the field. Publications concerning research on soft tissue filler injections were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Subsequently, VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software were used to analyze the co-authorship, co-occurrence, and citations of countries, institutions, authors, hotspot keywords, and journals associated with these studies. A total of 1370 records pertaining to filler injection research conducted between 2000 and 2022 were identified. The United States (524 publications) emerged as the country with the highest number of publications in this field, with Mayo Clinic (37 publications) making the most substantial contribution. Dermatologic Surgery emerged as the leading journal in this field, publishing the highest number of research articles (151 publications) and also being the most frequently co-cited. Cotofana proved to be the most prolific author with 51 publications, and Lemperle emerged as the most frequently co-cited author with 628 citations (including total link strength: 6587). The most popular keywords, in descending order of popularity, were "dermal filler," "injection," "soft-tissue augmentation," "complications," and "hyaluronic acid." The findings of this study offer a comprehensive overview of the main directions in filler injection research. Furthermore, they underscore the imperative of intensifying efforts to prevent complications linked to filler injections.

Improved RFID mutual authentication protocol against exhaustive attack in the context of big data

The development of big data has epromoted the development of Internet technology, but it has brought more network security and privacy problems. Therefore, how to solve network security problems is the main research direction of current network technology development. In order to deal with the harm of network attacks to personal privacy security, this paper studies and proposes an RFID mutual authentication protocol against exhaustive attacks based on improved Hash function, and proposes a security proof based on BAN logic rules. At the same time, to enhance the computing resources of the improved protocol, this paper proposes an improved authentication query protocol for multi-source RFID tags. In the performance analysis, when the distance between the reader and the tag reaches 10 m, the improved protocol can still be higher than 90%. The application test shows that the improved protocol proposed in the study is capable of resisting exhaustive attacks, its execution time is short, and it is less affected by the number of tags. The above results show that in the context of big data, the improved RFID mutual authentication protocol proposed by the research against network exhaustive attacks has a more significant defense effect, can effectively protect user privacy, and has a greater reference value in network security research.

Management of strategic development of enterprises in the energy market of Ukraine

The article examines the peculiarities of managing enterprises' strategic development in Ukraine's energy market. The main threats and dangers to the functioning of the energy industry in modern conditions were determined. The state of functioning of enterprises in the energy industry was studied. Based on the analysis of the electricity production volumes by different energy systems, the industry's and individual enterprises' development trends are substantiated. The state of the export potential of electricity to European countries was analyzed, resulting in a significant decrease in exports of all types of generation was revealed. The competitive position of Ukraine's energy industry, which has significantly decreased in recent years, has been studied. The main directions for increasing the competitiveness of energy-complex enterprises both in the domestic and foreign markets have been formed. It was determined that for Ukraine's energy industry, access to new European sales markets will significantly improve its competitive position, ensure the industry's economic activity, and contribute to its sustainable development. The definition of the strategic development of the enterprise is given. A conceptual model for managing the strategic development of enterprises in the energy market of Ukraine is proposed, which includes the following stages: definition of the purpose, principles, tasks, methods, and tools for managing the strategic development of the enterprise; analysis of the market and competitive environment; strategic planning; carrying out a SWOT analysis; resource planning; strategy implementation; monitoring and evaluation. The main objectives of the development strategy of energy industry enterprises have been formulated. The main principles of strategic management of the development of energy market enterprises are defined. The need to diagnose the competitive positions of the industry, which will allow us to determine the strengths and weaknesses in the activities of both individual enterprises and the complex, is substantiated. Identifying threats and weaknesses will allow managers to implement the necessary measures to minimize or eliminate them promptly, which will positively affect the development of energy industry enterprises. Keywords: management, strategic development, energy market, enterprise, management model.

Problematic issues in the budget system of Ukraine

The article discusses the problems and shortcomings in Ukraine's budget system. The main factors of inefficient budget execution are considered. The execution of Ukraine's state budget and trends in revenues and expenditures for 2026-2022 are analyzed, and the reasons for non-execution of the state budget are identified. It is determined that to avoid corruption in public administration, it is necessary to develop a set of methods covering all aspects of the system. The directions that will allow the formation of strong and independent anti-corruption agencies and institutions that will expand the powers to combat corruption are indicated. Measures to reform the justice system to enable fair consideration of corruption cases are highlighted. To eliminate financial abuses in Ukraine's budget system, proposals have been made to ensure transparency and openness of public administration. It is determined that innovations, especially technologies, can be used to create more reliable systems for managing public finances. It is proved that the budget system should be the center of internal control and audit within the organization. Strengthening these processes will ensure prompt detection and elimination of potential violations. All these measures should have public support and active participation of citizens in monitoring the conditions for spending budget funds. Only an open and inclusive system can prevent the misuse of funds. It is also proposed to expand Ukrainians' access to information and improve e-government systems, which will reduce corruption and meet ethical standards for civil servants to maintain integrity in public authorities. Possible methods of combating the main obstacles of the budget system have been put forward, and recommendations have been added to normalize the economic and social situation by overcoming problematic issues that negatively affect the state of the country. The main problem – inefficient distribution of budget funds – has been studied. In the example of the local budget of the Zaporizhzhia region, the main directions of budget distribution are considered. Keywords: budget system, budget, problems, socio-economic situation, financial stability, corruption.

Big Data in the Mechanism of the Formation of Main Directions of the «Data Economy» National Project: A Civilist’s View of the Problem

The new national project «Data Economy» developed by the Government of the Russian Federation actualizes the problem of determining the legal nature of big data and the specifics of its civil law regime. Based on the basic civil law doctrinal provisions, the author explores the concept of big data, examines the relationship between the concepts of «big data», «database», «data bank». The paper concludes that the impossibility of big data’s existence without a material carrier — a computer device with appropriate software (a set of certain programs) and artificial intelligence (a new innovative product of intellectual activity), on the basis of which a symbiosis of artificial intelligence information technologies, technical means and digital structured information is formed — allows big data to be attributed to a certain information system. The conclusion is made about big data as a new object of civil rights, the content of the legal regime of which is determined by the characteristics of this object as a result of intellectual activity, namely: the ability to participate in civil law transactions only through the exclusive (property) right to big data by means of conclusion of relevant agreements: license and sublicense agreements, agreements concerning alienation of exclusive rights, commercial concessions, trust management of the exclusive right to big data, collective management. With regard to big data, we can talk about applicability of the contractual structure for the provision of information services and the conclusion of relevant contracts (rendering paid services using big data, etc.).

Development of Innovative Activity of University Teachers: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives

In the era of the development of innovative technologies, the processes taking place in universities determine new requirements for the personality and professional competence of a teacher. A modern teacher is not just a transmitter of information and accumulated experience, but also a person who understands the essence of modern life and strives to harmoniously fit into existing realities, while focused on changing his consciousness, worldview and openness to everything new. In this connection, the problem of the teacher’s psychological readiness for innovation, as a component of his professionalism, is relevant. The purpose of the study: to study the peculiarities of readiness for innovation and identify the main barriers preventing the development of innovations among university teachers; based on the results obtained, to develop a methodology for the development of innovative activity of teachers. The study involved 156 university teachers aged 27 to 40 years with 1 to 15 years of work experience at the university. The study revealed that about a third of teachers show a low level of readiness for innovation. Only 22% of teachers have a high level of innovation activity. In the structure of readiness for innovation, they will have a motivational component, indicating a desire for success in achieving their goals. It was also found that the leading factors hindering the innovative activity of teachers are: insufficient awareness of possible innovative activities at the university; the belief that only the traditional education system is effective; lack of assistance in mastering innovations in the team, as well as fear of negative performance results. The systematization of the theoretical and empirical data obtained made it possible to develop a methodology for the development of innovative activity of university teachers, consisting of two main directions: environmental – features of the scientific and educational innovative environment; subjective – motivation, level of training and personal characteristics of teachers.