Main Content Research Articles

TRANSFORMATION OF THE SUBJECTIVITY OF THE MODERN INDIVIDUAL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITALIZATION OF SOCIETY

The article examines the state of formation of subjectivity in a modern individual, in particular, his or her attitude to social freedom. It has been clarified how these attitudes to freedom differ significantly from established, traditional ideas about this most important factor in the formation of a person. It is traced how ideas about freedom are connected with three types of societies, according to the conceptualization of M. Foucault – the society of the sovereign, the disciplinary society, the society of control in its current digital version – as a society of surveillance capitalism. The history of the emergence of the concepts of biopower, biopolitics and biomass in M. Foucault is analyzed, starting with the study of disciplinary society. It was revealed that in order to ensure the management of the masses of people and the control over each individual, biopower embodied a mechanism even in the times of the disciplinary society, which has gained further development in the modern society of control. Its main content involves the transformation of an individual into a social subject while preserving the totalization of the population as biomass. It is shown that the formation of modern subjectivity is simultaneously undertaken by the state in the form of performing a totalizing and individualizing function, from which the individual tries to slip away with the help of his practices and techniques of freedom that guarantee subjectivation. It is considered how the latest digital technologies adapt the socio-philosophical doctrine of neo-behaviorism, which justifies the control and formation of an individual's behavior at all levels of his life, and how this ensures the manipulation of freedom in the broadest sense and puts the population on the verge of endless survival. It can be stated that the launched worldwide technologies for managing the behavior of individuals as biomass and the process of individual digitization significantly transform the subjectivity of modern individuals. As a result of this long-term process of modern biopolitics, there is a possibility that individuals will lose the significance of freedom and the role of democratic institutions in society will decrease, and neoliberalism can become a «nurture medium» for the formation of digital totalitarian regimes.

Cost valuation of special food products safety and quality integrated management systems

In order to guarantee the appropriate level of safety and quality of food products, integrated management systems are now actively used. To prevent the emergence of economic problems, to understand the financial value of all the organization's assets, it is important to assess their value, in particular, management systems. Integrated safety and quality management systems of special food products are defined as the object of the research. Their implementation makes it possible to ensure compliance with legislation, increase consumer satisfaction, and business excellence. The main international act regulating methodological aspects of assessment is the International Valuations Standards (IVS). It defines the terminology, procedure of organization, assessment, approaches, methods, reporting of results. It was established that when evaluating integrated management systems, it is recommended to use a cost approach. This is justified by the need to determine the amount of funds to ensure compliance with legislation, meeting the needs of consumers and stakeholders. It is appropriate to use methods of reproduction and substitution. The cost of the mentioned systems of the organization was determined by the method of reproduction, which as of the beginning of October 2023 amounted to UAH 167.6 thousand and UAH 34.7 thousand, respectively. Recommendations for estimating the cost of integrated management systems have been devised. Their main content is the need to take into account the level of changes in the market rate of the currency, in which the value is estimated, the coefficient of moral aging, based on the service life. Their consideration made it possible to estimate the cost of the investigated systems at UAH 144.6 thousand and UAH 30.0 thousand, respectively. This could contribute to more effective management of the organization's resources, investment in financial management systems

The Specifics of the Elective “School of Leadership” Using Repositories of Online Resources

Objective. Modern online library resources play an important role in the organisation and conduct of the School of Leadership elective. The purpose of this study is to consider the peculiarities of conducting the elective “School of Leadership” for applicants using online resource repositories. Methods. A comprehensive approach to the study of the problem led to the use of such theoretical research methods as the analysis of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological and sociological literature to identify the specifics of leadership and leadership competence, the analysis of repositories of online resources, synthesis, comparison, generalization of various scientific approaches to the basic concepts of the study and determination of the specifics of the organization and conducting the elective “School of leadership”. Results. The work clarifies the essence of the concepts “leadership competence”, “elective”, “elective class”, discloses the peculiarities of organization and conduct, main tasks, content modules, organizational and pedagogical conditions of the elective “School of leadership”. The work describes the knowledge and skills that students will be able to improve and develop thanks to a properly planned and organized elective using the resources of online repositaries. Particular attention is paid to the features of ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the elective for the formation of students’ leadership competence and the content of the elective “School of leadership”, which depends on the achievement of the set goal, aims and tasks for the development of student-leaders. Conclusions. The main results that were obtained within the framework of this scientific research should be considered the substantiation of the concept of “elective” and the description of the specifics of the organization and the conducting of the elective “School of leadership” for students. The results of this scientific research, as well as the conclusions formulated on their basis, are of practical value for scientists, teachers of educational institutions, psychologists and other specialists who are engaged in the study of leadership problems and the formation of leadership competence and the search for effective methods, means and forms of work for the development of applicants’ leadership potential.

Infrared Spectrum and Principal Component Analysis of Heavy Tar Cut by Different Fractions from Tar-Rich Coal.

The composition and content of heavy tar vary significantly depending on the pyrolysis conditions and separation methods. This study aimed to effectively identify the main components and content of heavy coal tar and provide a theoretical basis for its subsequent utilization. To achieve this, simulated distillation and infrared spectrum analysis of heavy coal tar were conducted with a focus on understanding the impact of simulated distillation on the composition and structure of tar. The results showed that the fraction content in the tar underwent significant changes after simulated distillation at different temperatures. Specifically, the content of light oil decreased from 4.3 to 0.1%, while the asphalt content increased from 77.6 to 90.6%. Infrared spectrum and peak fitting revealed that the distilled coal tars exhibited similar characteristic peaks in regions associated with hydroxyl, aliphatic hydrocarbon, oxygen-containing functional group, and aromatic hydrocarbon structure. Based on the infrared spectrum of heavy coal tar, principal component analysis was conducted on different fractions. When using two principal components, the cumulative value reached 96.93%. It was found that PC1 displayed strong peak signals around 749 and 687 cm-1, while PC2 exhibited strong peak signals near 2356 and 1143 cm-1.

Thematic Interpretation of Student Management in Educational Institutions

The process of interpreting the Qur'an by collecting verses that have the same purpose and meaning in discussing a theme, arranging them according to the time it is derived by examining the causes of their derivation, and then providing explanations, descriptions, comments, and the main content of the sentence is the meaning of "thematic interpretation" (maudhu'i). The purpose of this literature review is to determine the theme (maudhu'i) of the topic of student management in Islamic educational institutions. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method for data collection and is informed by literature reviews. The study's findings present the verses discussed and analyzed in student management. The meaning of student management is explained from the perspective of the QS Al-Kahfi verses 23-24 and 69, QS Al-Hasyr verse 18, and QS Az-Zumar verse 29. They stated that each management student process must be appropriately planned, organized, carried out, and supervised.

БЫЛИННАЯ ТРАДИЦИЯ РУССКОГО УСТЬЯ

Russian epic tradition of the village Russkoe Ustye, standing on the Indigirka River, is the subject of the study. The relevance of the research lies in the need to describe one of the regional epic traditions of Siberia at the modern stage in connection with the work of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the series “Bylinas” of the Russian Folklore Code. Accordingly, the purpose and objectives of the study are determined by a systematic approach to material, meaningful in connection with the history of inhabiting the region, the history of the recording epics in the region, and the consistent characteristics of each recorded epic plot. The article reviews the history of inhabiting the Russian Estuary: the discovery of the mouth of the Indigirka by the Cossack Ivan Rebrov in 1638, the construction of the town of Zashiversk in the middle reaches of the Indigirka, inhabiting the mouth of the river from Zashiversk and from the sea. The oral family traditions of the Russkoustians are given. The article also describes the history of the recording epics in Russkoe Ustye and from its inhabitants: political exile I. A. Khudyakov (1867–1869); V. M. Zenzinov (1912); graduate of the ethnographic department of Leningrad State University D. D. Travin (1928); Yakut local historian M. A. Krotov (1931–1932); Yakut writer, member of the ethnographic and linguistic expedition of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Yakut branch of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences N. A. Gabyshev (1946); major Moscow bylinologist Yu. I. Smirnov (1982) and famous ethnomusicologist T. S. Shentalinskaya (1985). The main content of the article is the characteristics of local epics (25 texts). There is an almost complete absence of epics about Ilya Muromets (the only text is “Ilya Muromets and the Idolishche”). The popularity of the plot “Dobrynya and the Serpent” (six variants) is indicated, in which the name of Maria Izyaslavna, absent in European Russia, appears (instead of the traditional Zabava Putjatichna), linking (through the patronymic Izyaslavna) the epics of Russkoe Ustye with the onomasticon of Ancient Russia. The epic “Mikhail Danilovich – the minor hero” (six variants) is analyzed, in which the enemy Titus appears, unknown in the Russian North. It is assumed that this name in Russkoe Ustye was borrowed from the “History of the Jewish War” by Josephus Flavij, a monument of late Antique literature (75–79 A.D.), known in Russia in translation and very popular in the manuscript tradition. Probably one of the lists was brought to Russkoe Ustye. Josephus' Titus is the son of Emperor Vespasian, an enemy of Judea. In the “Arrival of the Lithuanians” (three variants), the names of “our” heroes – Tsar Elizar and his sister Maria Elizarovna (names that are absent in the Russian North) – may also be echoe of the “History of the Jewish War”, where several characters with the name Eleazar are called among the Jews. Other epic plots are also considered – “Surovets”, “Duke Stepanovich”, “Sadko”.

Novels 1914-1916 to the General Civil Code of the Austrian Empire 1811

The article is devoted to clarifying the reasons and prerequisites for the adoption of the Novels of 1914-1916 to the Austrian General Civil Code of 1811, a general characterization of their content and substantiation of their historical and legal significance.
 The author analyzed the state of problem processing; first of all, the author used the works of two professors of Lviv University of 20th century - the outstanding Polish civilian Ernest Till, who published the German text and the Polish translation of the Novel with his own explanations, as well as the prominent Ukrainian jurist Stanislav Dnistrіanskyі, who in 1919 translated the Code of 1811 and three Novels to it into Ukrainian. At the same time, the main attention in the article is given to the figure of the Austrian lawyer and statesman, professor of the University of Vienna, Joseph Unger, who presented the program of novelization of the Code of 1811 in his article of 1904 and later acted as its main developer at the head of the Special Commission.
 The author revealed the decisive influence of J. Unger on the spread of the historical school of law in the legal science of the Austrian monarchy, including its fundamental provisions regarding the reception of Roman law, the tradition of German pandectism; and, instead, critics of the theory of natural law; as well as on the introduction by scientists of a comparative legal approach in Austrian civil studies, thanks to which the reform of the General Civil Code of the Austrian Empire in 1811 was initiated. The author considered the 10-year codification process of changing the Code, which resulted in its novelization in 1914-1916.
 Therefore, the article elaborates the main content of the three Novels to the Code: the First Novel of October 12, 1914, the Second Novel of July 22, 1915, and the Third Novel of March 19, 1916, which made certain changes to personal, family, property, inheritance and obligation law. At the same time, the author stated that the revision of the General Civil Code of the Austrian Empire in 1811 did not fundamentally change its structure, nor the main principles and provisions, but was only aimed at adapting the Code to the contemporary conditions and needs.

Analysis of High-frequency Occurrence Areas of Beijing Taxis based on the K-means Method

As the economy grows and of the pace of life accelerates, travelling by taxi has gradually become one of the most convenient and fastest choices for residents to go out. However, because of the randomness of people's travelling and the mobility of taxi driving, there exist an imbalance between the travelling demand of regional taxi users and the supply of taxis. In order to avoid the problem of uneven distribution of taxis and to achieve accurate prediction of taxi demand, this paper selects the vehicle number, latitude and longitude, and carrying status data of Beijing taxis as the basis of the study, and researches to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of the travelling demand of taxi users. The main contents of the paper are as follows. First of all, this paper initializes the GPS data of taxis, and obtains the boarding and alighting locations. The distribution of taxi regional travel demand is described by using K-means clustering method. Finally, the paper shows five high frequency locations. It is of great significance for taxi dispatching management, reducing empty rate, saving energy consumption and maximizing passenger travel demand.

Kisah Ashabul Kahfi: Studi Perbandingan Tafsir Al-Misbah dan Tafsir Ibnu Katsir

The story is one of the five main contents of the Qur'an, and the stories in the Qur'an are unique and extraordinary. This research will delve into one of the Qur'anic stories, namely the story of Ashabul Kahfi in Surah Al-Kahfi verses 9-26, and compare it with two exegesis books: "Al-Misbah" by M. Quraish Shihab and the exegesis of Ibn Kathir on Ibn Kathir. Literary analysis will examine the story of Ashabul Kahfi according to M. Quraish Shihab and Ibn Kathir. Comparing the two exegesis texts of the Ashabul Kahfi story will reveal similarities and differences. Furthermore, the conclusions drawn from both interpretations can be applied to modern Indonesian culture. Like previous stories, this narrative provides a positive example for young people, as Ashabul Kahfi were motivated youths who left their community for their beliefs. They sought forgiveness and salvation from Allah, who led them to a cave, caused them to sleep for 309 years, and woke them without aging.

Peculiarities of Investigating Criminal Offenses Related to Illegal Turnover of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances, Their Analogues or Precursors: Criminal Law Aspect

The article highlights the legal regulation of peculiarities concerning investigation of criminal offenses related to the illegal turnover of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors.. Main content. It has been established that effectiveness of pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings on the facts of illegal sale of substances excluded from free circulation using the Internet and other telecommunication technologies is complicated by the need to identify the user under a nickname. Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, interpretation method, hermeneutic method as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. Conclusions. It has been established that in today’s conditions, against the background of the global IT development of society and the active introduction of the latest technologies in all spheres of human life, the forms of sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors are also changing. While using the assets of modern technologies criminals constantly improve their criminal activities, change directions of interaction with the aim of committing offenses. In Ukraine, as well as in the world in general, drug crimes are actively carried out through smartphones via the “Internet” network using messengers and special applications for the distribution of psychoactive substances, narcotic drugs and their analogues.

Ensuring Legal Safeguards for Digitalized Social Services within the Framework of Government Decentralization

The purpose of the study is to digitize the social services system in the context of decentralization of power: legal regulation and areas of improvement. Main content. It has been established that new online services are being introduced in Ukraine to enable consumers to receive such services virtually. In our opinion, in the future, these services should simplify the procedure for access to them, taking into account the entities which are primarily interested in using them, and expand the scope of their provision: from informing the consumer to obtaining the result. The society and science development requires the introduction of new technologies into the service system. It has been concluded that the need to use information technologies in judicial proceedings is due to the global informational support of modern society, and development of new interaction forms in the social area using electronic means of communication: the global Internet, mobile and satellite communication systems. The author reveals the essence of "Portal Diia", which is introduced within the framework of the Unified Social Information System of a single electronic document in the social matters, and highlighted the disadvantage of this application: ensuring the protection of personal data, and access to information about the citizen sphere of interests accumulated in computer networks.

Decentralization of Public Authorities in Ukraine: Administrative-legal, Environmental, Social and Customs Aspects

The purpose of the research is to reveal the administrative-legal, environmental, social and customs principles of decentralization of public authority in Ukraine. Main content. The article reveals the main definitions of decentralization of power, analyzes advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process in the public administration system. The article also presents the basic typology of decentralization of power in foreign countries and characterizes these types, as well as an attempt to summarize the reasons for performing decentralization in Ukraine. Methodology: The use of systemic, functional, and structural methods in this study made it possible to define concepts, types, as well as to establish the reasons for introduction of the decentralization reform in Ukraine. Conclusions. Various approaches to performing the reform in European countries and its results have been considered, which is due to the need to implement decentralization in Ukraine. The result of the work consists in determination of the main definitions of the decentralization of power, analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process, definition of the main types of decentralization, as well as generalization of the main reasons for introduction of decentralization in Ukraine.

Акустическая картина запуска винтовых компрессоров как диагностический параметр технического состояния

The emergence of new opportunities for fixing and analyzing noise allows us to perform visualization and analysis of sound vibrations as diagnostic signs of the serviceability of the compression unit during the start-up period, the most informative stage of the manifestation of incipient damage. The use of screw compressors, at present, is the most rational due to the absence of shock processes, the possibility of long-term operation with a minimum amount of maintenance operations, the effective solution of issues of managing work schedules, minimal dynamic loads at startup, etc. Screw compressors with a frequency of rotation of the drive motor 3000 rpm and a power of 100…300 kW have found the greatest distribution. Ensuring long-term op-eration of screw compressors requires reasonable decision-making to restore operational capability on the basis of data on the actual condition of individual elements of the mechanism. The research methods are presented in the form of a practical analysis of the noise level and vibration acceleration of screw compressors. Acoustic and vibration parameters of the unit start-up were obtained, information frequencies of damage to the main nodes were presented, as well as a time-frequency spectrogram of the start-up. The results of the conducted acoustic studies of the start-up of the compressor unit consisting of Sabroe screw compressors SAB — 163 and SAB — 330 constitute the main content of this work, which allow us to conclude that it is necessary to implement three-level diagnostics of rotary mechanisms to prevent sudden failures of the compression unit.

Reducing Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: a Review of Effective and Safe Pharmacological Therapy Providing Adherence to Treatment

INTRODUCTION. Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) accounts for up to 85 % of all cases of osteoporosis, complications of which — pathological fractures — lead to a decrease in quality of life and functionality, pain, severe psycho-emotional disorders, loss of ability to self-care, disability and an increased risk of death. Timely prescribed pathogenetic therapy for osteoporosis, including in patients undergoing medical rehabilitation, helps reduce the risk of developing osteoporotic fractures and prevent complications associated with them.
 MAIN CONTENT OF THE REVIEW. The literature review analyzes 5 domestic and 47 foreign literary sources, on the basis of which a description of modern methods of treating PMO is made in order to reduce the risk of developing pathological fractures. Poor patient adherence to osteoporosis therapy is associated with low effectiveness of PMО treatment and an increased financial burden on the healthcare system — increased hospitalization rates and treatment costs. The infrequent dosing frequency and good tolerability of therapy help to increase adherence to oral supplements.
 CONCLUSION. The review focused on the effectiveness and safety of the oral bisphosphonate ibandronic acid 150 mg once a month, the administration of which to women with PMO demonstrated good tolerability, ease of use and high efficiency, both in reducing the risk of fractures and in increasing bone mineral density, including long-term treatment periods — 5 years.

The Value Implication and Practical Path Yan'an Spirit into Middle School Education

During the Yan’an period, the Chinese Communists cultivated and formed the Yan’an spirit. The main contents of the Yan’an spirit include the firm and correct political direction, the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and the entrepreneurial spirit of self-reliance and hard work. The Yan’an spirit has played an important role in various periods of China’s revolution, construction, and reform. In the current era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is essential to extract the educational value of the Yan’an spirit. By incorporating the Yan’an spirit into middle school education, students can adhere to the correct political orientation, adhere to their ideals and beliefs, adhere to mind emancipation and seeking truth from facts, adhere to the people-centered approach, and adhere to self-reliance. The integration of the Yan’an spirit into classroom teaching, campus activities, project-based learning, and study trips plays a vital role in educating students about the Yan’an spirit, contributing significantly to the cultivation of successive generations of socialist builders and successors.

Tax Certainty in the Digital Economy in the Perspective of a Two-Pillar Program

The rapid development of the digital economy has brought new challenges to global tax administration, and traditional tax systems are facing numerous difficulties. As an important part of global tax reform, the "two-pillar solution" is of great significance in addressing tax issues in the digital economy. This paper first provides a brief overview of the two-pillar solution and its main contents. It then examines the issue of tax certainty in the digital economy, analyzes the importance of tax certainty for the digital economy, and the challenges it faces. Subsequently, policy recommendations are presented to address tax certainty issues in the digital economy, including international cooperation and coordination, improving tax data collection and information exchange, and promoting self-regulation and compliance in the digital economy. Finally, by analyzing the example of the EU digital tax proposal and the progress and implementation of international tax reform, the paper summarizes the importance of tax certainty in the digital economy, the prospects and challenges of the two-pillar solution, policy recommendations, and future prospects. This paper aims to provide ideas and references for researching tax issues in the digital economy and its solutions, in order to promote the reform and upgrading of the global tax system.

Research on Collaborative Supervision of Internal Audit and Discipline Inspection Compliance in State Owned Enterprises

China's state-owned assets rank among the top in terms of scale and proportion in the world. Specifically, this article takes Company A, a provincial-level subsidiary of Z state-owned financial enterprise, as the research object. Firstly, it elaborates on the research background and main research content of the supervision mechanism of state-owned financial enterprises. Based on the importance of collaborative supervision explained in the research background and significance, the research purpose is determined. By analyzing the current situation of disciplinary and compliance supervision and internal audit supervision in Z Group and its subsidiaries, the advantages and problems of various types of supervision are proposed. Then, by analyzing and designing the starting point, mechanism ideas, and overall framework of the collaborative supervision mechanism between internal audit and disciplinary and compliance, the establishment of a joint meeting mechanism for supervision work is introduced.

(Invited) Non-Uniformly Polarized Reactive Electrochemical Membrane (REM) for Water Purification

A novel flow-through electrochemical technology (or termed reactive electrochemical membrane, REM) developed from porous electrode materials has recently attracted increasing attention globally in water purification and environment remediation. REM systems compress the boundary diffusion layer on the surface of the electrode via a combination of the convection of the solution and the constraint effect of the micro-pore structure, thus overcoming the mass transfer limitation in traditional flow-by systems. As a result, the kinetics of contaminant separation and conversion in a REM system increases by several to tens of times as compared with the flow-by systems. However, most existing studies are focused on the development of novel electrode materials, the evaluation of the removal efficiency and mechanism for contaminants, and the optimization of the treatment process of a REM system. In comparison, there is a gap in understanding the working principles of the REM electrodes. In contrast to the traditional flow-by system, the convective transport of the solution in the REM system drives the contaminants to the inside of the REM electrode, which activates the inner catalytic zone thereby. Because the electrode features the characteristics of non-uniform polarization, the given potential decays continuously along the depth of the REM electrode, thus causing a non-uniform distribution of the potential inside the REM electrode. As such, the zero-dimensional reaction theory of the electrode in traditional flow-by system (that is, the reaction mainly occurs on the surface of the electrode and is controlled by the potential) is no longer applicable to REM electrodes. It is therefore vital to revisit the reaction mechanism of the REM electrode. This Presentation therefore discusses the non-uniform polarization characteristics of the REM electrodes that are developed by loading catalytic layer on porous substrates. The main contents include: (1) REM electrode d emonstrates non-uniform oxidation characteristics: The key influencing factors ( i.e. , the pore structure of the REM electrode and the concentration of the electrolyte) and their principles of action to determine the reaction depth of a REM electrode have been identified, by employing (1) a developed mathematical model that could describe the spatial overpotential distribution as a function of depth in the REM electrode and (2) a visualization method to characterize the reactive depth of a REM electrode. (2) There is a structure-function relationship between the REM electrode pore structure and water purification efficiency : A series of SnO2-Sb-REMs with pore diameters in a range of 4.7 to 49.4 μm have been prepared to study the influence of the key factor ( i.e. , pore structure) on the transport-oxidation process of typical antibiotics. The REM electrode performance that could not constantly increase with a decrease in the pore diameter relates to the decreasing reactive depth of the electrode at a smaller pore diameter, which would lead to the compromise of the intrinsic kinetics of a REM electrode. (3) Direct electron transfer (DET) dominates the oxidation of antibiotics by using REM developed from porous substrates with a catalytic layer: The mechanism of typical antibiotics removal by employing SnO2-Sb-REM, β -PbO2-Sb-REM and Ti4O7-REM has been systematically investigated. The non-uniform oxidation characteristics of the REM electrode resulted in the DET rate being much higher than the yield of the hydroxyl radical (•OH), which was insignificantly affected by the electrode materials. The strong DET ability enabled the REM system to quickly and efficiently degrade antibiotics, which also imparted the REM system a stronger resistance to the background matrix (such as Cl–, HCO3 – and natural soluble organic matter).

Diploma Research Approbation in Internet Resources Integration Into Teaching English

Aim of the present research is to share the experience in organizing diploma paper approbation procedure as an important part of professional training of future English teachers in Akhmet Baitursynov Regional University, Pedagogical Institute after Umyrzak Sultangazin (Kazakhstan). Objectives of the research include brief description of the professional training process in the mentioned above higher educational institution with the focus on future English teachers training; presentation of the diploma paper main idea and contents; sharing the experience of approbation organization process. Main methods used in the present research include scientific analysis and synthesis, description, discussion, lesson modelling, observation, questionnaire. Results of the research include the future English teacher professional competence development and practical experience of applying the Internet resources to English teaching that led to the enhancement of educational process and growth of basic foreign language skills of the approbation participants. Conclusions that were made on the basis of the research show how organization of approbation contributed to the professional skill development of the future English teacher as well as how the integration of Internet resources influenced the educational process with both positive and negative effects it produced. Materials of the research are original and were obtained during the professional training of a future English teacher who graduated in June 2023 from the above-mentioned university and after successful passing of the National Teachers Professional Testing took a teaching job in Kazakhstan. Further research is intended to implement the findings of the present stage in the English teachers pre-service professional training with subsequent presentation of the obtained results in professional journals and conferences.

Development of physical qualities of teenage freestyle wrestlers

This article deals with issues aimed at the development of free wrestling in the adolescent period of child development. One of the most difficult, it is not for nothing that it is called "transitional" and "turning point", "difficult" or even "critical". These names fully reflect the complexity and importance of the processes taking place in this age period. The transition from childhood to adulthood is the main content of this period. At this age, qualitatively striking changes occur, mental and physical elements of growing up appear. Hormonal restructuring of the body leads to changes in self- awareness, communication with adults and peers, changes in ways of communicating with the surrounding world, emergence of new interests. A new look at the content of moral and ethical norms that shape behavior, activity and communication with others is emerging.
 A distinctive feature of the development of modern freestyle wrestling is the growth of athleticism and general physical training of athletes. The main condition for the high efficiency of physical training of wrestlers in the adolescent period is a strict accounting of the age and individual anatomical and physiological characteristics of athletes and individual stages of adolescent development, characteristic of this period.
 Sports training, as a separate type of physical training, is a specially organized and consciously managed pedagogical process, the purpose of which is to improve or maintain at the required level basic and special developed physical qualities, various motor skills and abilities, high functional capabilities of human organs and systems, as well as knowledge related to them.
 General physical training is a process of harmonious development of the main physical qualities that have a positive effect on achieving results in a specific sport and the effectiveness of building the training process as a whole.