Analysis Of Main Components Research Articles

EVALUATION OF PHENOTYPIC PARAMETERS OF SHEEP OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN MEAT AND WOOL BREED BY THE ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN COMPONENTS

The key to successful selection and breeding work and genetic assessment accuracy of sheep is thorough accumulation of information about their phenotype. Most of the parameters evaluated in breeding animals are fixed in the breed. However, they do not fully reflect sheep meat qualities, therefore, it is not always possible to use them in genomic breeding programs. The aim of the work is to search for new informative phenotype parameters associated with meat productivity of sheep of the North Caucasian meat and wool breed for further usage in genomic breeding programs. The possibility of determining the following parameters was studied using an ultrasound scanner: the girth of the shoulder, forearm and thigh with a measuring tape, as well as the thickness and width of the loin eye (TLE and WLE), the thickness of the femoral muscle (TFM) and fat in the lumbar part (TF). One-shear tups (n=50) of the North Caucasian meat and wool breed were the object of the study. The significance of new phenotype parameters was assessed by the main component method. In the course of the work, highly reliable relationships (r˃0.8; p<0.01) were established between the live weight of one-year-old tups and average daily gain, withers height and rump, back and chest width, thickness and width of loin eye. The results of main component analysis showed that more than 80% of phenotypic variability is determined by the first six components. The most significant parameter in assessing the total variance was TFM measurement - 0.67, and the least significance was shown by the thigh girth of 0.16. Thus, the parameters of TFM and TF determined by ultrasound can be used for phenotypic assessment of sheep of the North Caucasian meat and wool breed, in particular, when searching for genomic associations with productive qualities.

Molecular Diversity and Chemical Composition Among Induced Mutation Lines of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Using RAPD and ISSR Marker

Pogostemon cablin, also known as Patchouli is an essential oil yielding plant with high medicinal properties and having great value for its unique essential oil component. The essential oil is widely used in flavor and fragrance industries. The objective of the present study is to evaluate molecular diversity among mutation treated progeny using RAPD (Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. The essential oil composition which was analyzed using GC/MS showed patchouli alcohol as major compound, followed by sabinene, (-)β-elemene, α-Guaiene, α-humulene, caryophyllene oxide and viridiflorol in the studied lines. Total 44 RAPD and 34 ISSR primers were used for 41 mutated selected lines, which showed an average polymorphic percentage of 70.1% and 58.14% respectively. Genetic parameters studied by both markers systems were found to be more or less similar. Analysis of molecular variance showed 45% variation among population and 55% within the population by RAPD marker, while ISSR marker showed 36% variation among population and 64% within population. Cluster analysis using both markers grouped the lines into three main clusters and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot also supported cluster analysis data. The present study will be helpful in conservation of patchouli germplasm, their characterization and in future breeding programme.

PHYTOPLANKTON BIODIVERSITY AND POLLUTION BIOINDICATOR IN BOJONEGARA COASTAL WATERS, BANTEN BAY, INDONESIA

Coastal waters of Bojonegara in Banten Bay has a lot of pressure from the surrounding environment, including industry and sand mining. The high intensity and limited space encourage reclamation in coastal areas which can trigger changes in water quality. Research was conducted from October to December 2019, aims to analyze the phytoplankton biodiversity and pollution bioindicator of the waters. The phytoplankton was obtained through filtering 50 liters of water at a depth of 30 cm or surface waters. Observations were also made on water quality conditions including transparency, depth, color, temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (in-situ) and turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), nitrate, nitrite, and total phosphate (ex-situ). Data analysis was performed on abundance, diversity index, eveness and dominance, similarity index, and saprobic index. Based on observations, it is known that the phytoplankton found were in the class Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Chrysophyceae. The index values of diversity, eveness, and dominance of phytoplankton each ranged from 0.2223-1.0070; 0,1289-0,5664; and 0.1550-0.8181, respectively. According to these values, the Bojonegara waters were classifeied as mild to moderate ecological pressure. The similar conditions are also indicated by the saprobic index values. The result of Main Component Analysis (PCA) shows the first component with 53.726% variance represented by turbidity parameters, TSS, total phosphate, transparency, depth, temperature, pH, and DO. These parameters have the most influence on the presence of phytoplankton.

Comparative Analysis of Purine Alkaloids and Main Quality Components of the Three Camellia Species in China.

Tea (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) is a widely consumed caffeine-containing beverage, however the Camellia genus also includes other species, which are consumed as tea in their local growing regions. Presently, HPLC analysis assessed 126 unique Camellia germplasms belonging to three Camellia species, C. sinensis var. pubilimba Chang (Csp), C. gymnogyna Chang (CgC) and C. crassicolumna Chang (CcC). Theobromine was the predominant purine alkaloid in all species, representing over 90% of purine alkaloids in Csp and CgC, and 50% in CcC. Significant variability existed in purine alkaloid patterns both between and within species, and some germplasms possessed highly unique alkaloid profiles. Sensory evaluation and quality composition analysis of green tea products produced from the three Camellia species suggested their unsuitability for use in tea production due to their unpalatable flavor. The results of this study revealed the differences in purine alkaloids and main quality components between Camellia species and tea, which contributed to understand why tea, rather than other Camellia species, has become a popular beverage in the world after long-term artificial selection. In addition, unique alkaloid profiles suggest usefulness of these germplasm resources in future breeding of decaffeinated tea plant varieties and alkaloid metabolism research.

Environmental Assessment Through the Biotic Integrity Index of Guaíba Lake, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

This work aimed to test an adaptation of the Biotic Integrity Index (BII) of in fish assemblages in the environmental monitoring. The fish samplings were standardized and performed seasonally during two years, using seine nets in eleven points of the hidrographic basin of Guaíba lake, Brazil. The results showed that the analyzed points were rated as regular or poor in terms of quality. The scores obtained by BII for the points Gasômetro and B. Ribeiro contradict the results obtained by main components analysis with physico-chemical parameters of the water. The parameters that most influenced the BII results for the points to be rated as fair in terms of quality were the species richness, the number of individuals, the percentage of individuals infected with black spot disease and the percentage of individuals with morphologic alterations. This paper discusses the fragility of the calculation method used to establish the categories of best, medium and low quality. These data demonstrate that other factors may be contributing to the water quality decrease. This study indicated the need to use more than one methodology as an instrument of the environmental quality evaluation.

Empirical evidence on English subskills approval, between sexes and face to face/on line tests in a not anglophone higher education institution

Since 2017, The National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) in México started requiring proof of competence of A1 English abilities in cases of specialties, two B1 abilities in cases of master's degrees, and three abilities in cases of doctorate programs as part of its graduate admission process.(it means competence in any of the language abilities). This vagueness motivated this investigation; it is based on the results of the English institutional exam from 2016-2019. We studied data using Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and Main Components Analysis. We found a higher average score for listening comprehension and lower performance on writing; reading comprehension explains 56.08% of the overall language dominance. Even we found some novel differences for speaking and writing among genders, we did not find conclusive differences among online tests - face to face tests. The speaking and the writing show the highest correlation. We outlined some suggestions for English admission requirements.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Grain Produces in Henan Province

As an important grain producing area of my country, Henan is important for impacting the influencing factors behind my country's grain production and optimizing industrial policies. This paper uses the main component analysis method to conduct an empirical analysis, studying the relationship between grain production in Henan Province and area of cultivated land, total power of agricultural machinery, irrigated area, consumption of chemical fertilizer by 100% effective component, electricity consumption in rural areas, diesel oil use for agriculture, consumption of chemical pesticides, plastic film uses for agriculture, mulch area and total output of meat. The study found: there is a large correlation between the various indicators in the indicator system; The comprehensive score of grain production in Henan Province is not increasing year by year.

Computer-Based Electronic Engineering Technology

Most of the current image fusion algorithms directly process the original image, neglect the analysis of the main components of the image, and have a great influence on the effect of image fusion. In this paper, the main component analysis method is used to decompose the image, divided into low rank matrix and sparse matrix, introduced compression perception technology and NSST transformation algorithm to process the two types of matrix, according to the corresponding fusion rules to achieve image fusion, through experimental results: this algorithm has greater mutual information compared with traditional algorithms, structural information similarity and average gradient.

Estatus proteico en Bovinos criados en los Humedales de Paraguay durante tres periodos del año

Livestock activities, mainly those related to livestock rearing, are generally carried out in special and specific environments, susceptible to alterations, with particular and inherent characteristics of soil, vegetation and climate, not conducive to the development of the farming. Paraguay is no exception, because more than half of its territory is made up of semi-arid and wetlands, one of the most representative being the Ñeembucú wetlands and its areas of influence. In this area, the presence of certain genetic groups made up of local or naturalized bovines and bovines of transnational or exotic genetics stands out. The aim of this work was to assess protein status in cattle during the summer, fall, and winter as an indicator of adaptation to the wetlands of Ñeembucú, Paraguay. The study compared local and exotic breeds in an extensive cattle farming system, grouped by genotype into Criollo Ñeembucú; Criollo Pilcomayo; Nelore; Brangus, and Brahman. Blood levels of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, and body condition were analyzed. The local criollo breeds had higher urea concentrations, total protein, and globulin values, most markedly in the summer. The exotic breeds had elevated creatinine levels. Nelore had the lowest marks for body condition both in the summer and winter. The analysis of main components explained over 60 % of the variation. Globulin and total protein integrated the first component in all three seasons. The most dissimilar breed pairs were Criollo Ñeembucú and Brahman, and also Criollo Pilcomayo and Nelore. The results suggest an adaptation process in the metabolic pathways of nitrogenated compounds and the potential capacity for immune response in local breeds. The results suggest that exotic breeds have mechanisms that compromise tissue protein integrity and renal function in the specific environments particular to the wetlands of Ñeembucú.

Dietary patterns of adults with asthma treated at a referral center for asthma

Objectives: To assess the association between dietary patterns, nutritional status and asthma control in patients treated at a referral center for asthma in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 198 adult asthma patients. Participants answered 24h food recall and questionnaire of the history of the disease, degree of control and severity, in addition to performing pulmonary and anthropometric assessments. We used exploratory factor analysis and extraction of the factors the method of analysis of main components to derive the dietary patterns. Results: The mean of body mass index was 29.6 ± 5.7 kg/m²; and 41.9% were classified as obese. Regarding the severity of the disease, 72.7% were classified as having severe persistent asthma. The degree of control, 59.6% of patients had uncontrolled asthma. Three dietary patterns were identified: "Sugars", "Healthy", "Fats and Alcohol." It was observed in this study, that the Fat and Alcohol pattern was significantly associated with male gender. However, no associations were observed between the other variables and dietary patterns. Conclusion: This study was the first to identify the dietary patterns in asthmatics in Brazil. Patterns found in the present study were “Sugars”, “Healthy” and “Fats and Alcohol”. However, not a significant association between the three standards and nutritional status and disease control.

Flowering capacity and botanical seed production of sweet potato genotypes

ABSTRACT The identification of genotypes with greater capacity for flowering and seed production is crucial for greater efficiency in the genetic improvement of the sweet potato crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the flowering capacity and the production of botanical seeds in sweet potato genotypes. The work was carried out in the municipality of Lavras, located in the southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Twenty-two sweet potato genotypes belonging to the germplasm bank of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) were evaluated. The characteristics evaluated were the flowering period (days), the number of viable seeds, the total weight of viable seeds, the weight of 1000 seeds and the percentage of germination. The obtained data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, study of correlations and analysis of main components. The sweet potato genotypes evaluated showed a high capacity for flowering and production of botanical seeds. Flowering usually starts 125 days after planting and extends on average for 72 days. Considering future recombination to promote flowering capacity, seed production and greater germination, genotypes BD-05, BD-26 and BD-44 should be prioritized.

Comparison of diagnostic methods for hemodynamic treatment in unborn and pre-term infants using the measurement of vena cava, lactate, and clinical criteria

Introduction: There is no single criterion available to assess the hemodynamic state of new-born infants and preterm infants and the different variables in the group of newborns, such as gestational age, birth weight, and periods of birth. Methods: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive observational study with two patient cohorts. Newborn-to-term and preterm neonates assisted at the Neonatal Unit of the Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital participated during the months between November 2019 to January 2020. Results: Ultrasound measurement of the vena cava (FVC) flow is useful for the management treatment of hemodynamically unstable neonatal patients. The sample was made up of 110 newborns treated in the Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital's neonatology service from November 2019 to January 2020. Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. The variables low birth weight and moder-ate prematurity have a statistically significant value for inotropic use. The other variables do not present statistically significant values. Heart rate, urinary output, mean blood pressure, lactic acid, capillary filling, upper vena cava flow, and lower vena cava flow had statistically significant values. FVCI and FVCS comparisons with heart rate, urinary output, mean blood pressure, lactic acid, and capillary filling had statistically significant values, except for capil-lary filling> 3 sec in FCVI. Multivariate analysis of categorical main components (CATPCA) was used to characterize the hemodynamic state and inotropic state, which were significant in the bivariate analysis. Dimension, one of the two-dimensional graphs, discriminates the use or not of inotropics and the categories of hemodynamic parameters TAM <35 mmHg, lactic acid, capillary filling, FVCI, and FVCS. Dimension II discriminates between the categories of urinary expenditure and HR. Conclusion: In term and preterm infants with low weight and adequate birth weight with hemodynamic instability in general, who were evaluated with ultrasonography to measure the flow of the vena cava, the agreement between the clinical criteria and the ultrasound assessment of the flow was 0.4 cm/sec in both methods. This situation means that the measurement of venous cava flows by echo sonography is useful for assessing neonatal patients' hemodynamic status.

Microbiological attributes of a cultivated Plinthosol with sugarcane on different levels of straw

The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological attributes of a Plinthossol cropped with sugar cane in straw. The experiment was installed in União (04 ° 51’09”S and 42 ° 53’10 ‘’ W, altitude 52 m), northern region of Piauí state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, and treatments corresponding to different rates of straw (Mg.ha-1) (0, 4.19, 9.54, 13.04 and 18.38). Microbiological attributes were determined at a depth of 0-10 cm. Data was submitted to analysis of variance, cluster analysis and main components. An increase of straw in the soil influenced the stocks and contents of C, Cmic, Nmic, respiration and microbial and metabolic quotients. Cluster analysis combined the treatments into three distinct groups. 9.54 Mg.ha-1 of straw treatment was isolated from other treatments, being strongly correlated to the microbial quotient. The group formed by the treatments 13.04 and 18.38 Mg.ha-1 of straw correlated with most of the evaluated attributes, being the best proportions to be used to improve soil quality.

Habitat and Distribution of Desmopuntius gemellus (Kottelat, 1998) at Palm Oil Plantation Canal Near Pidada River, Tulang Bawang, Lampung

Desmopuntius gemellus is a native species of peat swamp waters in Southeast Asia. This fish is economically important value for the local community, for example as consumption fish and as bait to catch carnivorous fish. Until now there has been no management effort to protect the sustainability of the fish. Ecobiology studies are needed as initial information in managing this fish. Samples were collected from primary and secondary canal stations at the palm oil plantation in Penawartama District, Tulang Bawang Regency during October 2019 to January 2020. A total of 1,088 fish samples were collected by using lift net, with the most distribution in the secondary canal. Main component analysis shows that secondary canal stations are more characterized by temperature parameters. And the primary canal is characterized by depth, brightness, current, and dissolved oxygen.

Thermal Analysis of Main Components in The Design of High-power Tetrode

High-power tetrode is a key component in ion cyclotron resonance heating system, as the final amplifier component to increase the RF power to the megawatt level. Thermal analysis is of important significance to the development and use of high-power tetrodes. In this paper, the trajectory of particles during the operation of the tetrode is obtained by CST particles studio, and its energy conversion is analyzed through the simulation results. Then the grid, anode, and support structure of the tetrode are analyzed thermally in Ansys Workbench, and the results are helpful to the design of the heat dissipation structure of the tetrode.

Comparative Analysis of Main Bioactive Components of Dendrobium officinale Before and After Introduction

Comparative Analysis of Main Bioactive Components of Dendrobium officinale Before and After Introduction

Essential oil components of forest clove variants from Ambon Island, Maluku

Forest clove is native to Maluku from the non-aromatic class. Forest cloves have several variants, including the accession group with a small morphological size in the population. So far, the complete information on essential components contained in this accession group is not studied. The research aims to determine the forest clove accession group's total essential oils with small morphological sizes originating from its distribution area on Ambon Island, Maluku. The analyses were performed on flowers, flower stalks, and leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis results identified 11 components in the flower section, 14 components on the flower stalk, and 13 components on the leaf. The main components analysis of the heat map profile revealed that the small morphological-sized forest clove accession groups' main components were germacrene-D, α-cubebene, eugenol, δ-cadinene, α-copaene, methyl eugenol.

Multivariate analysis to identify groups of biodiesels in the operation of an agricultural engine

The increase in the use of diesel engines in the transport sector and in agriculture has led researchers to study new alternative sources of fuels. The objective was to identify the agglomerates existing in a set of biodiesels through multivariate exploratory analysis and determine the variables that most influenced the division of agglomerates to assist in the understanding of the functioning of the engines with these biodiesels. The present work was carried out in two tests: test I - tractor performance test and test II - exhaust smoke opacity. The tractors used in the experiment were the so-called traction tractor (tractor 1), the Valtra brand, model BM100, 4X2 with auxiliary front-wheel drive, 74 kW (100 hp) at 2,300 rpm on the engine and braking tractor (Tractor 2), the Valtra brand, model BH140, 4X2 with auxiliary front-wheel drive, 103 kW (140 hp) at 2,400 rpm on the engine. The hierarchical, non-hierarchical analysis and the main component analysis grouping allowed the ordering of the biodiesels into three groups. The variables that most influenced the division of the groups were volumetric hourly consumption, hourly weight consumption, and specific consumption. The biodiesels that are part of group one have greater calorific power resulting in less consumption of biodiesel in agricultural operations.

Development of Imitation Black Spinel from Coconut Shell Ash as a Glass Modifier

The aims of this research, Study the effect of using ashes from coconut shell ash as a Glass Modifier in glass composition to develop of imitation black spinel. From the analysis of main components of coconut shell ash, both before and after burning. It was found that before burning, coconut shell ash has main element is K2O SiO2 and CaO. In proportion equal to 60.83, 14.64 and 14.11 (wt%) and also found that the elements of the additives that affect the color including MnO, Fe2O3 and CuO. After sintering at a temperature of 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 °C. Found that quantity K2O and CaO has decreased proportion. On the other hand, SiO2 has increase proportion. Then Use the ashes from the burnt coconut shell ash as a chemical replace K2O in glass formula (45-x)B2O3: 20SiO2: 15Bi2O3: 20K2O: xCoO (where x was 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 mol%). Found that the glass is opaque. The density of the glass was between 4.1338 ± 0.0004 and 4.1587 ± 0.0019 g/cm3, which is greater than the density of black spinel. Glass had a hardness value of 6.5 Mohs scale which is comparable to the felspar, but it is less than the hardness of the real black spinel, which is 7.5 Mohs scale.

Front Cover: Mass spectrometry imaging for spatial visualization of organic components in plant tissues

DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100138 The cover picture shows the advances of mass spectrometry imaging analysis of plant tissues in recent years. Various of ionization techniques have been adopted to fulfill the requirement of MSI analysis of different plant tissues and analytes. The barriers and relevant technical developments were primarily summarized, including plant tissue preparation, novel matrix development and high spatial resolution imaging. Lastly, the applications of MSI analysis of main components in plant were reviewed. In all, this review indicated that MSI analysis of plant tissue is towards high spatial resolution and high sensitivity.