Main Cities Research Articles

Legal Framework for Socially Responsible Social Media Platforms in Pakistan

ABSTRACT This research is aimed to investigate wider phenomenon of possible need for legislation for regulation of social media in Pakistan. In-depth interview research method was applied under Qualitative study to investigate this phenomenon. Overall, 10 respondents from law and media departments from public as well as private sector universities of five main cities were chosen to collect their opinion with the help of 15 structured questionnaire with open ended approach. The study found out that there was no legislation existent for regulation of social media in Pakistan. The study revealed voices were raised from different corners of society including journalistic bodies labelling restriction and embargo on freedom of speech. The study concluded that the government should introduce such legislation after having detailed discussion with relevant stakeholders including public sector media organizations, information departments, law and media departments and other relevant stakeholders. The study concluded that socially responsible legislation was required for socially responsible social media in Pakistan. Purpose: The basic objective of this study was to unearth existing legal framework for regulation of social media in the country at par with the international best standards for regulation of social media. This study was tasked to ascertain the opinion of the relevant stakeholders of social media of public and private sector and recommend socially responsible social media in the country. However, the legislation should equally be acceptable for all the relevant stakeholders to make social media effective with its positive use in the long run. Design/Methodology/Approach: Qualitative study was employed along with in-depth interviews having 15 structured questions with open approach to collect data from 10 respondents from five media and law departments from public and private sector universities. Findings: The results showcased the findings that there was no existent legal framework for regulation of social media in hand. However, in recent past, the federal government has constituted a separate department called National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency (NCCIA) to regulate social media as well as investigate online crimes being committed on social media. However, the legislation was unavailable in this regard. The results revealed all the stakeholders can assemble at one point and draw an effective legislation in this regard to make social media socially reasonable. Implications/Originality/Value: This study seems valuable to the extent as it provides a ray of hope to the depressed consumers of social media especially the parents and teachers as the socially responsible legislation may turn social media as positive platforms. This study may also provide guidelines for the future researchers to investigate the phenome at provincial and district level in the country.

National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP): Challenges and Advances after 10 Years of Implementation

A decade after the implementation of the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP), municipalities continue to face challenges in implementation. This study aimed to assess the influence of the Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (MISWMP) and proper waste disposal in the main cities of the country, in light of the National System of Information on Solid Waste Management (NSISWM). The analyzed data indicate slight advances related to what the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) proposes, stemming from difficulties in implementing the policy itself and/or making its instruments viable, especially in cities in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Practices such as improper waste disposal in open dumps or controlled landfills and incineration characterize the reality of Brazil, even a decade after the publication of the NSWP. Among the adopted strategies, waste recycling emerges as significant, with emphasis on composting and energy generation from biogas. There is a need for the integration of municipalities, states, and the Union to provide support for them to better exploit the potential in the generated waste, based on dominant technologies. It is also noteworthy the absence of updated data and cities' non-compliance with individual declarations in the NSISWM, regarding the provision of public solid waste management services, contradicting the policy itself and hindering the transparency of each municipality's data, making it difficult or even preventing monitoring by interested parties, civil society, and public and private entities.

The Role of Climatic, Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors in the Natural Movement of Urban Populations in Kazakhstan, 2012-2020: An Analysis from a Middle-Income Country in Central Asia.

This study addresses the importance of identifying key characteristics influencing demographic indicators for urban populations, emphasizing the need to consider regional climatic features and ecological factors. The research utilized data from ten main regional cities across the Republic of Kazakhstan. This study involved a retrospective analysis based on secondary data from official sources spanning 2012-2020. We employed correlation analysis and multidimensional regression models. Noteworthy predictors for crude birth rate included the influence of effective temperature (β = 0.842, p < 0.0001), marriage rate (β = 0.780, p < 0.0001), Gini coefficient (β = -27.342, p = 0.020) and divorce rate (β = -2.060, p < 0.0001), with overall strong model performance (R2 = 0.940). The degree of atmospheric pollution (β = -0.949, p = 0.044), effective temperature (β = -0.294, p < 0.0001) and Gini coefficient (β = 19.923, p = 0.015) were the predictors for crude mortality rate, with a high model fit (R2 = 0.796). The study unveils significant relationships between demographic indicators (crude birth rate, mortality rate) and variables like effective temperature, marriage rate, divorce rate, Gini coefficient, physician density and others. This analysis of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors influencing demographic indicators may help in promoting specific measures to address public health issues in Kazakhstan.

Endurance of Conviction and the Reservation towards Child- Adoption in Family Preservation among Igbo Christians

This study investigates the fundamental reasons behind the reservation towards child adoption in family preservation among Igbo Christians. The survey was conducted in three main cities of Anambra state; Awka, Onitsha, and Ihiala. It made use of a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative instruments in analyzing the data. The four point-Likert scale was used to obtain qualitative data from the field and was further converted to quantitative data using descriptive-analytical and inferential statistics. The finds traced the persistent reservation towards child -adoption among Igbo Christians to the endurance of conviction in Igbo traditional religion and worldview. The result indicated three major dynamics of this conviction; the non- indigenous nature of the practice (adoption), the bridge of the ancestral lineage by the practice, and social stigma that goes with the practice. These tripartite socio-religious factors continue to influence the choice of an average Igbo Christian toward child adoption. The paper argues that while the traditions (Christian and Igbo) have the right to propagate their different worldviews and beliefs on marriage and child -adoption, the choice of the individual couples on the subject matter remains primal. Provision and enforcement of a functional supportive legal framework that protects the adopted and adoptive parents from every form of societal stigmatization cannot be relegated to the background.

Города Англии середины XVI века в Relazioni венецианских послов

The article examines the data of the final reports of the Venetian ambassadors on English cities. The information of the Venetian ambassadors about the cities of England, unfortunately, is brief. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that they basically boil down to pointing out that London is the main city of the country, that other cities of England are simply listed by the Venetian ambassadors, that the testimonies of the Venetians, albeit indirectly, help to recreate the perception of the cities of the English kingdom by the Venetians.

Analysis of influencing factors for housing construction technology in Desakota Village and town communities in China

Rapid urbanization has reformed the peripheries of China’s main cities during the last four decades. The rural areas have been constantly developed through infrastructure development in recent days which introduces a newly semi-urban region referred to as Desakota. The purpose of this research is to discover potential influencing factors of housing construction technology in desakotas of China which needs to be assessed for the implementation of Desakotas forming globally. In this study, a total of six key primary factors and twenty key secondary factors have been shortlisted, which were surveyed by 120 respondents. After the statistical analysis, it is seen that one primary factor, “Architectural and engineering mechanical factors” has been ranked top. Moreover, “Cost, financial and economic evaluation and Analysis of the impact of the natural environment on buildings” both ranked top among twenty secondary factors. This study adds to the body of knowledge by revealing the primary contributing elements for the first time that need to be taken into consideration in the rural and town communities of desakotas in China. The study results could help stakeholders, construction firms, academicians, researchers, and the government to focus their efforts and resources on the significant changes in the Desakotas in preparation for rapid urban development.

Social and geographical distribution of mobility-related greenhouse gas emissions in Poznań and Tri-city functional urban areas

Mobility is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a major contributor to human-induced climate change. Much of these emissions result from urban residents’ travel within urban areas (i.e. short-distance travel [SDT]) and away from them (i.e. long-distance travel [LDT]). In this study, we focus on the distribution of mobility-related GHG emissions in two functional urban areas in Poland: Poznań and the Tri-city. Using data from a representative survey (N ~2000 in each area), we investigate the emission distribution and associations between emission levels and the socio-economic characteristics and residential locations of study participants. Emission levels are unequally distributed: the top 10% of emitters contribute &gt;50% of SDT and LDT emissions. People with high education and income levels tend to travel and emit more within and away from the cities. People of retirement age travel and emit much less than the younger people. SDT emission levels are clustered spatially and increase with the increasing distance from the main city centres and decreasing density. LDT emissions have only very weak or no association with residential location.

A thermo-economic analysis of a circular economy model for biomass in South America producing biofertilizers and biogas from municipal solid waste

The linear economy model has caused many impacts associated with increased urban population and municipal solid waste generation worldwide. Through anaerobic digestion, the circular bioeconomy of biomass (methanogenic) provides a fuel (biogas) and an environmentally sustainable biofertilizer. This theoretical-descriptive research proposes a circular economic model based on the design of biorefineries using recycled biomass in urban areas. The model considers a minimum of 1.8 million people to generate approximately 650 tons/day for its application. The biorefinery configuration of the model consists of 12 biodigesters of 5400 m3 unit capacity and a spark ignition engine of 2 MW. The model is validated by employing a case study in the main urban cities of South America. Brazil with about 161,000 m3/day of biogas and 3100 tons/day of biofertilizer, and Paraguay, with 10,000 m3/day of biogas and 500 tons/day of biofertilizer, are the ones with the highest and lowest energy potential, respectively. The internal rate of return on investment in the case study is around 69%. The proposed circular economy model reduces greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impacts of municipal solid waste; Also, the environmental impact was estimated using different equivalence indicators between green electricity energy and carbon footprint avoided.

Mathematical Prediction of Electrical Solar Energy Based on Solar Data for Two Main Cities of Chad: Mongo in the Centre and Pala in the South of Chad

The comparative study of the solar powers between two main cities of Chad is performed in the present work, the city of Mongo in the Centre and that of Pala in the South, with an aim of knowing which one of the two cities is more adequate for an installation of the solar power station, taking into account the regional climatic and environmental conditions of both cities. To do this, the graphical statistical analysis of long-term solar irradiance data and temperature is performed. The data used is that of the decade (2010-2020), based on solar radiation data handed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PGIS) for Mongo in the centre and Pala in the south of Chad. The shape of the mean monthly irradiation has been plotted and has been approximated using the sinusoidal function through the mean square analysis. The temperature data has been also obtained by the same process and plotted versus irradiance in order to find the adequate mathematical relationship between them. For the statistical analysis, the maximum entropy principle has been used. As results, it is found that the maximum irradiance is obtained in March, which are 226.26kWh/m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; for Pala and 219.355kWh/m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; for Mongo, while the minimum irradiances are obtained in August, which are 151.67kWh/m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; for Pala and 158.9kWh/m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; for Mongo. The temperature data is also obtained and the mean monthly data plotted, showing that apart for the months of March and April, the the shapes of irradiation and temperatures are similar for both sites. Then it is found that the frequency and probability density distributions reach their maximum at the same dates.

Hydrogen from food waste: Energy potential, economic feasibility, and environmental impact for sustainable valorization

Globally, inefficient management of municipal solid waste, composed primarily of food waste poses concern for human and environmental well-being. Food waste can be converted into hydrogen gas, which can be utilized to generate power without emitting any harmful pollutants. This solution would also help with the issue of disposing of food waste. The conversion of food waste into hydrogen is a practical energy source with potential financial benefits. This study explores the transformative potential of converting food waste into renewable energy through hydrogen production, focusing on Bangladesh from 2023 to 2042. Notably, the study forecasts a surge in food waste from 23 million tons in 2023–110 million tons by 2042. By 2042, food waste is expected to generate 2480 MW of power, a rise from 489 MW in 2023. Based on the results of the economic study, the food waste into hydrogen via gasification project is financially viable in all of Bangladesh's main cities. Metrics such as internal rate of return, payback period, levelized cost of energy, net present value, and total life cycle cost were used to assess economic viability. The hydrogen production cost, payback period, and internal rate of return are 2.05 $/kg, 11 years and 14% respectively. It was discovered that using the available electricity from hydrogen gas may displace 1428 M liters of diesel fuel combustion. The quantity of diesel fuel saved can cut carbon dioxide emissions by 3.85 million tons. It was also found that using hydrogen as a source of energy generation has an attractive ecological efficiency of 99.98%. This research provides novel and pertinent data for investors contemplating gasification-based energy projects in Bangladesh. It pioneers a path toward eco-friendly waste management, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and the adoption of sustainable energy solutions for the country.

Epidemiology, clinical features, and classification of 3,404 patients with uveitis: Colombian Uveitis Multicenter Study (COL-UVEA).

To describe the epidemiology, clinical features, and classification of uveitis in a large cohort of Colombian patients. Data were collected from seven ophthalmological referral centers in the four main cities in Colombia. The study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of uveitisfrom January 2010 to December 2022. Information on demographics, ophthalmic examination findings, uveitis classification, and etiology was recorded. The study reviewed 3,404 clinical records of patients with uveitis. The mean age at diagnosis was 41.1 (SD 19.0) years, and 54.2% of the patients were female. Overall, 1,341(39.4%) were infectious, 626 (18.4%) non-infectious, and four masquerade syndromes (0.1%). The most common types of uveitis were unilateral (66.7%), acute (48.3%), and non-granulomatous (83%). Anterior uveitis was the most common anatomical localization (49.5%), followed by posterior uveitis (22.9%), panuveitis (22.3%), and intermediate uveitis (5.2%). A diagnosis was established in 3,252 (95.5%) cases; idiopathic was the most common cause (27.7%), followed by toxoplasmosis (25.3%) and virus-associated uveitis (6.4%). The age group between 30 and 50 exhibited the highest frequency of uveitis. This multicenter study comprehensively describes uveitis characteristics in Colombian patients, providing valuable insights into its demographic and clinical features. The study findings emphasize the need to continue updating the changing patternsof uveitis to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies for diseases associated with intraocular inflammation.

Factors of regional financial inclusion in Morocco

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, provide a comparative analysis of interregional and intraregional inequalities in terms of financial inclusion across Moroccan regions; second, explore the determinants of regional financial inclusion in a panel of 12 Moroccan regions. We used the principal component analysis methodology to construct our regional financial inclusion indexes, and the panel data estimation methodology to identify the determinants of regional financial inclusion. Our regional financial inclusion index shows that the majority of regions have a low level of financial inclusion. This is symptomatic of a very asymmetric distribution. For all regions, we found that intraregional inequalities in access to bank branches by locality/province or prefecture increase as we move away from the region’s main city. Empirical results indicated that a region’s human development level, as proxied by the Human Development Index (HDI), the size of its population, and the industrialization level of its economic fabric are the main determinants of a region’s financial inclusion level. The Moroccan financial system authorities have implemented several reforms (the banking law no. 2‐91‐967 of July 21, 1993) and strategies (National Financial Inclusion Strategy) aimed at promoting financial inclusion in Morocco; however, the increase in the level of financial inclusion at the macrolevel has not benefited all segments of the Moroccan population. This paper is original as, to our knowledge, it is the first to mobilize interregional and intraregional data, as opposed to previous studies that are national‐level oriented. Given the mapping of interregional and intraregional inequalities in access to, and use of, formal financial services, policymakers can rely on our index to formulate useful financial inclusion policies and to target rural localities, provinces or prefectures, and priority regions in Morocco’s National Financial Inclusion Strategy. The financial system should provide financial services tailored to regional financing needs. Moroccan policymakers should focus on filling gaps in levels of regional human development, as the latter is a key factor in regional financial inclusion.

Assessment and simulation of potential landslide caused by the rainfall intensity in Batu City during 2021

Rain is the main factor causing landslides; rainwater can enter the soil through rock gaps and then accumulate in the impermeable layer; the layer then becomes a slip plane that triggers the landslide. This study aims to determine the level of influence of rainfall on landslide events in Batu City in 2021. Batu City is one of the main tourist cities in Indonesia, so security and safety are the main factors that must be considered. The method used in this research is a descriptive analysis of rainfall and landslide data. The analysis process was approached with a literature review and simple mathematical calculations visualized on a 2D map using GIS and Geostudio to simulate groundwater infiltration and safety factors. The results showed that the number of landslide events increased with increasing rainfall. The rainfall for Batu City is between 1749.15-2238.73 mm, while most landslides occur in January and February. Landslides in Batu City in 2021 occurred 78 times, most of which occurred in Songgokerto Village (15 incidents). The intensity of rainfall greatly influences the occurrence of massive landslides; apart from changing the physical properties of the soil or rock, the mechanical properties also change rapidly. The wetting-drying process will make the properties of soil particles and rock aggregates more vulnerable or the durability index of the soil and rock layers will decrease due to continuous rainfall.

Post-Ottoman “Capitality”: Making Sofia and Sarajevo in the Late 19th to the Early 20th Century

This article compares the development of two capital cities in Southeastern Europe, paying particular attention to the political context of this process. The two cities examined in this article are Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria, established as an autonomous principality in 1878, and Sarajevo, the main city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the same year. The comparison of these two cases aims to reveal their transformations from towns in imperial borderlands into primary cities of the Balkans in the second half of the 19th century. This article focuses on key planning and architectural projects, instruments that represent ideas about nascent states, and the material legacy of Ottoman times in Sofia and Sarajevo to demonstrate how political conditions influenced the attitudes to heritage and urban development. This article aims to demonstrate that the creation of capital cities is a complex process that impacts the nation-building processes.

Impact of urban productive safety net programme on poverty reduction and food security: Evidence from major cities of Eastern Ethiopia (Dire Dawa, Harar and Jigjiga)

AbstractDifferent social protection programs are designed in low‐income countries to eradicate poverty and improve the food security of poor people. Currently, the Urban Productive Safety Net Program (UPSNP) is designed to support those who are living in poverty and face food insecurity with predictable and reliable support through food, cash, or vouchers. However, limited empirical evidence has been presented about the significant impact of the program on the well‐being of households who participated in the program and the factors that affect the households' decision to participate in the program. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the impact of participation in UPSNP on well‐being using household survey data gathered from three main cities of Ethiopia: Dire Dawa, Harar, and Jigjiga in 2022. This study employed both propensity score matching (PSM) and endogenous switching regression (ESR) models to assess the impact of the UPSNP. The result shows that the probability of a household's participation decision is determined by the age of the household head, number of children, savings, house ownership, employment status of the household head, and shock. Furthermore, we found a consistently positive impact across models, indicating that participation in UPSNP reduces poverty and increases food security of households.

The stereotype of colombians against consumption socially responsible

El propósito de este artículo es determinar la actitud de los colombianos frente al consumo socialmente responsable, para lo cual se realizó una investigación descriptiva a nivel nacional. Esta tomó como referencia las principales ciudades de Colombia: Bogotá, Cali, Medellín y Barranquilla, con una muestra de 400 sujetos distribuidos homogéneamente, en la cual se evaluaron las actitudes respecto de cuatro grandes dimensiones: 1) la compra racional, 2) la ética, 3) el consumo responsable 4) y temas medioambientales, con preguntas medidas en una escala de Likert. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la técnica estadística multivariante análisis de conglomerados (clúster). Dentro de los principales resultados, se pudo identificar que para los colombianos es importante la temática abordada, lo cual se evidencia con la actitud positiva respecto del consumo responsable, específicamente con la responsabilidad social empresarial.

Portrait Of Psychological Wellbeing and Financial Satisfaction of Life Insurance Agents

This study aims to provide a detailed picture of psychological wellbeing from life insurance agents with financial satisfaction as a mediating variable. In addition, this study also wants to prove the influence of financial management which is strengthened by financial satisfaction to be able to achieve psychological wellbeing conditions. The study was conducted on 400 life insurance agents based in Surabaya. The results showed that 62.5% of insurance agents have achieved psychological wellbeing with the condition of having no debt and not facing difficulties when making decisions related to finance. Insurance agents who are disciplined in managing their finances are less likely to experience financial-related problems. This condition is then more likely to achieve financial satisfaction, which in turn will strengthen the process towards achieving financial wellbeing. Other facts found that financial knowledge and financial attitude also contribute to the creation of financial satisfaction. Crosstab analysis results show that of the 74.5% of life insurance agents who stated to achieve financial satisfaction, 69% of them had a high level of financial knowledge and 67.5% of them had a good financial attitude. Further research can be developed on life insurance agents in the main city in Indonesia by cross tabulating the origin of each respondent's insurance company to be a comprehensive input for the insurance company.

Whether or Not to Open the Pandora’s Box: An Analysis of Latent Conflict in Vulnerable Neighbourhoods with High Socio-Cultural Diversity in Spain

ABSTRACT Worldwide, vulnerable neighbourhoods of large cities are often the scene of collective violent conflicts linked with migration and ethnic minorities’ struggles for social justice. However, urban conflicts of this kind have not taken place in Spanish cities with high immigration rates, even though the country has been deeply affected by two recent socioeconomic crises (2009 and 2020). This article reports findings of a study aimed at understanding what lies behind this apparent social peace. The research methodology was based on an analysis of secondary socio-economic and socio-relational data from the Spanish Institute of Statistics and from key national surveys and reports. Results confirmed that immigrant population living in the country are strongly segregated in the lower strata of the labour and socioeconomic structure and have been disproportionately affected by the crises. However, research findings also pointed to the existence of strong closed support networks where social capital has been effective at palliating members’ disadvantage and unrest. Drawing on the Theory of Rupture Frames, we argue that this is a fragile and unsustainable social peace, rooted in social injustice, and anticipate that unless actively prevented, uncontrolled conflict will eventually emerge in main cities’ neighbourhoods in Spain.

Attitude towards entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions among generation Z: unleashing the roles of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and social norms in Pakistani context

PurposeDrawing on social cognitive career theory (SCCT), this study aims to examine how university students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship education (ATEE) consists of affective, cognitive and behavioral components influences their entrepreneurial intentions. It further examines the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) as a mediator and social norms as a moderator in the ATEE – entrepreneurial intentions and – ESE relationships, respectively.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 428 university students from the new generational cohort entering workforce now (i.e. generation Z) from the four main cities of the province of Punjab, Pakistan, were considered using an online administered questionnaire. The study analyzes data using SPSS v25 and AMOS v22 and presents descriptive statistics, reliability, validity analysis and linear regression analysis. Furthermore, to test mediation and moderation hypotheses, Hayes’ PROCESS macro v3.0 was used.FindingsThe results confirm that individuals’ ATEE based on affective, cognitive and behavioral components have significant influence on entrepreneurial intentions. The findings also confirm the strong mediating role of ESE between the components of ATEE and entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, the conditional effects results confirm that social norms strengthened the positive relationships between the affective, behavioral and cognitive components of ATEE – ESE at three levels (low, medium and high).Originality/valueThis study is the first of its nature to unlock the missing link between ATEE’s components and entrepreneurial intentions using the theoretical foundations of SCCT. Furthermore, this study provides theoretical and practical implications specifically considering a developing country – Pakistan.

Study on the Spatial Arrangement of Urban Parkland under the Perspective of Equity—Taking Harbin Main City as an Example

The connotation and measurement standard of “fairness” in parkland planning is closely related to the level of urban development and residents’ needs, with solid realism and dynamics, and it is still a complex problem to control accurately in planning. Therefore, to conduct a more comprehensive study, taking the main urban area of Harbin as an example, this paper combined urban development background and practical problems at different stages and, based on POI and AOI data, divided the connotation of “equity” in park green space planning into two levels: “spatial equity” and “social equity”. Based on these two levels of fairness, the research framework of urban park green space layout is constructed. Kernel density estimation and GIS-based network analysis were used to study the spatial layout and accessibility of urban parkland. The ability to match supply and demand for parkland in the study area as a whole was analyzed using a gridded two-step moving search method, as well as the degree of equity in the enjoyment of urban parkland by vulnerable groups including the elderly and children using the Lorenz curve with the Gini coefficient, the share index, and the entropy of the locality. The results show that: (1) the parkland is concentrated in the seven main urban areas of the two–two junctions, and the cohesion distribution trend is outside the distribution. (2) Motorized vehicles have the best 15-min accessibility for travel, but it still does not cover all the parkland. (3) Supply and demand within the region are unsatisfactory, with the area with the strongest supply and demand capacity for parkland accounting for only 3.19% of the total area. (4) The Gini coefficient of parkland enjoyed by the residents of Harbin city center is 0.407, with a massive gap in the overall distribution. In addition, the share index of vulnerable groups of the elderly and children all have share indices below 1, and the results of the analysis of locational entropy indicate that the level of street park green space resources enjoyed by these two groups belongs to the low socio-spatial equity pattern, which is not balanced. This study investigates the spatial layout of urban parkland from two equity levels, which can provide new ideas for the equity study of urban green space planning.