Main Bodies Research Articles

Decoding the complexity of the Brazilian pork supply chain

Purpose This research examines the impact of governance structures within the Brazilian pork supply chain on the necessary controls for exportation. Specifically, the goal is to unravel the intricacies of this supply chain and decode its complexity.Design/methodology/approach Using transaction cost economics as a theoretical lens, we surveyed the main bodies responsible for the export and quality assurance sectors of Brazilian organizations that trade and export pork. Our sample comprises 53.5% of the country’s pork exporting companies during the period analyzed.Findings The presence of vertical and horizontal governance structures in the pork export chain stands out. While the vertical structure enables greater control due to command relations, there are trust and cooperation relations in the horizontal structure. This makes it possible to establish mechanisms to control health, quality, safety and traceability in both structures. We also identified each company’s characteristics: formation configuration (if the cooperative, publicly traded company, or other modality), capital stock, location, the average daily slaughter of pigs for export and sows per producer. We conclude that the organizations have concerns related to the food safety programs, as there are programs that seek transparency throughout the process in many supply chain stages.Research limitations/implications Studies that relate the level of orientation to the export market with the occurrence or risk of corrupt and opportunistic behavior and the coordination mechanisms adopted may represent an interesting and important opportunity for studies.Originality/value This study helps to understand the complexity of the Brazilian pork supply chain.

Geometric developments in functional clothing

This study presents a geometric development of functional clothing (for pregnant women). In the beginning, we discuss the main changes women's bodies undergo during pregnancy and the requirements of an adequate wardrobe. Using specific design tools (Gemini CAD – a Lectra Company), we develop a geometric network for designing made-tomeasure maternity clothes (case study – blouse). From this network, three specific blocks have been developed in accordance with the body changes. The estimated increments of the second and third pregnancy trimesters have been expressed as correspondent angles and used to design the adequate shape of the blouse patterns (front and back). We have also evaluated the blouse patterns when dressed on the corresponding avatars for each trimester via 3D simulations.

Study on the symbiosis evolution mechanism of the digital innovation ecosystem: considering government regulation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the symbiotic evolution decisions of digital innovation enterprises, research institutes and the government in the digital innovation ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachBased on innovation ecosystem theory and an evolutionary game model, this study constructs a tripartite symbiotic evolution game model of digital innovation ecosystems with digital innovation enterprises, research institutes and the government as the main bodies and analyzes the influencing factors as well as the evolution paths of the different behavioral strategies of each subject through numerical simulation.FindingsThe research shows that the digital innovation ecosystem has the characteristic of self-organization, which requires the symbiotic cooperation of each subject. The government plays an active role in any stage of symbiotic evolution, and the system cannot enter symbiosis under a low level of subsidies and penalties. Only when the initial willingness to cooperate of digital innovation enterprises and scientific research institutes is at a medium or high level is the system likely to become symbiotic. While digital innovation enterprises are more sensitive to government subsidies and punishments, scientific research institutes are more sensitive to the distribution proportion of cooperation income.Originality/valueThis study includes government regulation into the research scope, expands the research mode of the digital innovation ecosystem and overcomes the difficulties of empirical research in collecting dynamic large sample data. It vividly and systematically simulates the symbiotic evolution process of the digital innovation ecosystem, which provides a theoretical and practical reference for digital innovation ecosystem governance.

China’s expansion into Brazilian digital surveillance markets

A number of countries in the Global South have adopted anti-China rhetoric in recent years. Here, we seek to assess the relation of such rhetoric to procurement of Chinese digital systems. We use the example of Brazil during the Bolsonaro government, examining whether Bolsonaro’s anti-China stance impacted procurement of Chinese surveillance technologies by sub-national (state/city) governments, which are the main bodies responsible for public security. We find that there has been broad and sustained procurement of Chinese surveillance technologies across the political spectrum; both among local governments politically allied to Bolsonaro and those from the opposition. Combined with acquisition at federal level, this suggests anti-China rhetoric does not feed through into procurement realities. Nor can China be singularly associated with diffusion of surveillance technologies as Western democracies have also been suppliers.

How to improve the ability of informatization teaching for secondary teachers

Information teaching is a hot topic in the current education field, and it is also a very real problem. With the rapid development of information technology today, the field of education is also undergoing continuous changes, such as education informatization and teaching reform. As one of the main bodies of vocational education in China, the teachers of secondary vocational schools have also achieved certain results in the deep integration of information technology and teaching. However, it is undeniable that there are still many problems as far as secondary teachers in China are concerned. By analyzing the current status and existing problems of secondary vocational teachers' informatization teaching ability, this paper puts forward corresponding solution strategies, in order to promote the improvement of secondary vocational teachers' informatization teaching ability, and lay a good foundation for promoting the reform and development of secondary vocational education in China and realizing educational modernization.

Dynamics of infinitesimal body in the concentric restricted five-body problem

This research presents a model of a specific restricted five-body problem. In this model, there are four main bodies, referred to as primary bodies. The first two primary bodies have the same mass while the third and fourth primary bodies also share an identical mass, which is lesser than the former. These primary bodies are lined up in a straight line along a designated axis. They revolve in circular paths with different distances from a common central point that represents their shared center of mass. The first set of orbits has a shorter radius compared to the second set. Simplifying the motion equations of an infinitesimally small mass reveals a single governing parameter, λ, constrained within λ ∊ (λ0, 1), λ0 = 0.417221. Within the orbital plane of these primaries, seven equilibrium points are identified: four along the x-axis, two on the y-axis, and one at the system's origin. Notably, no equilibrium points were found outside this orbital plane. The study concludes that collinear equilibrium points are linearly unstable, while the non-collinear points maintain stability for values λc < λ < 1, λc = 0.971105.

An evolutionary game study on the collaborative governance of environmental pollution: from the perspective of regulatory capture.

Local governments have been captured by enterprises and, thus, have relaxed environmental regulations. This phenomenon has occurred repeatedly and has resulted in serious environmental pollution, posing an enormous threat to public health. To solve this problem, this study introduces central environmental protection inspection and media supervision and considers the economic preferences and environmental preferences of local governments. A four-party evolutionary game model composed of enterprises, local governments, the central government and the media is constructed, and the equilibrium solution of four-party replicator dynamics equations is obtained. The influence of relevant parameters on the choice of strategies of the four main bodies is simulated by using MATLAB software to explore the paths and measures for overcoming regulatory capture and to further improve the modern environmental governance system. The results show the following: First, local governments are easily captured by large enterprises. Second, the central government can improve the environmental behavior of local governments by reducing their economic preferences and strengthening punishment. Third, compared to the penalties imposed by the central government, those imposed by local governments have a more significant impact on the environmental behaviors of enterprises. Fourth, compared to the use of an environmental protection tax policy or a tax relief policy alone, the combination of the two has a more significant impact on the environmental behaviors of enterprises. Fifth, central environmental protection inspection and media supervision can improve the environmental behaviors of both local governments and enterprises, and the effect of media supervision is better than that of central environmental protection inspection. This study recommends improving the performance evaluation system for local governments to coordinate economic development and environmental protection, ensuring that local governments assume the main responsibility, using a combination of incentive and constraint policies for enterprises, and increasing the environmental protection inspection and media supervision of local governments and enterprises to resolve the dilemma of regulatory capture in environmental pollution through the simultaneous enhancement of the environmental behavior of local governments and enterprises.

半导体产业“三主体一中心”高端人才培养模式探索与实践

半导体产业“三主体一中心”高端人才培养模式探索与实践

The influence of increasing the productivity of the carding machine on the quality indicators of the card sliver

The paper investigated the influence of the rotation frequency of the take-up, main and doffing drums of the C60 carding machine from RIETER on the quality indicators of the card sliver. The raw material used was medium-fiber cotton with a fiber length of 26.5-28 mm. The experimental study was carried out with changing speed modes: rotation frequency of the main drum from 451 to 520 rpm, of the take-up drum from 1018 to 1400 rpm, of the doffing drum from 62 up to 72 rpm.The quality indicators of the produced card sliver were determined using an USTERTESTER-5 laboratory equipment. It was established that an increase in the speed mode of the main working bodies within the studied limits on carding machines does not cause a deterioration in the combing quality.

TEXTILE INDUSTRY OF THE UPPER VOLGA REGION IN AUGUST 1921 – APRIL 1923: ORGANISATIONAL FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FORMS OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT (based on materials of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Vladimir and Yaroslavl provinces)

This article is devoted to the organisational development of the textile industry of the Upper Volga economic region in the early years of Soviet power. The emphasis is placed on studying the issues of the search by central and local authorities for the most acceptable form of management of enterprises in the industry. The main structural associations and management bodies of the textile industry of the region in these years are considered – from the district and provincial administrations of the “glavkˮ-ism system to the first textile “associationsˮ (trusts) of the period of the early NEP (the so-called new economic policy) in industry. In chronological order, the transition from the economy of the period of “war communismˮ to the system of “commercial settlementˮ in the textile industry of the studied provinces is traced. The article also provides a comparative analysis of the processes of formation and development of various forms of management of textile enterprises in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Vladimir and Yaroslavl provinces and it identifies their key features. To reveal the topic of the article, both materials of scientific publications and archival documents were used, a significant part of which has been introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

On the equilibrium dynamics of a binary system with two Kerr-like bodies

In this study, we investigate a system comprising of two Kerr-like bodies within the context of the planar circular restricted three-body problem. Our main objective is to explore how the equilibrium dynamics of the system are influenced by the free parameters present in the potential. To achieve this, we employ a combination of semi-analytical and numerical methods. Specifically, we numerically compute the coordinates, linear stability, and types of the libration points on the (x,y) plane. Additionally, we extend the analysis beyond a previously published paper by considering the general case where the main bodies of the system have different transition parameter values. In other words, the parameters that control the ratio between classical Newtonian and post-Newtonian gravity in each main body vary. Our findings reveal that this new setup, in contrast to the scenario with equal transition parameter values, exhibits a minimum of five equilibrium points, while the maximum number of equilibria remains unchanged at thirteen.

Animal granulins: In the GRN scheme of things

Granulins are conserved in nearly all metazoans, with an intriguing loss in insects. These pleiotropic peptides are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes yet have been overwhelmingly examined in mammalian systems. While work in other animal models has been informative, a richer understanding of the proteins should be obtained by integrating knowledge from all available contexts. The main bodies of work described here include 1) the structure-function relationships of progranulin and its cleavage products, 2) the role of expanded granulin gene families and different isoforms in fish immunology, 3) the release of granulin peptides to promote host angiogenesis by parasitic worms, 4) a diversity of molluscan uses for granulins, including immune activation in intermediate hosts to trematodes, 5) knowledge gained on lysosomal functions from C. elegans and the stress-related activities of granulins. We provide an overview of functional reports across the Metazoa to inform much-needed future research.

Impact of Changes in the Policy of Caring for Left-behind Children on the Educational Problems of Left-behind Children

To make it possible to construct a socialist nation-state and implement the plan for rural revitalisation, it is crucial to address the educational problems of rural children who are left-behind. In this regard, this article starts from a policy-making and implementation perspective and considers the impact of policy changes in caring for those children on the educational problems of them. The article uses literature analysis to analyse China’s policies related to left-behind children from 2003 to 2023. Through the method of textual analysis, the article concludes that the policy system has gone through three stages: the stage of constructing authoritative tools, the stage of cultivating capacity-building tools, and the stage of developing endogenous incentive tools. Currently, China's policies on caring for left-behind children have already become a comprehensive and systematic system, with the characteristics of multi-agency collaborative nurturing and have a certain mitigating effect on the educational problems of this group. The policy's impact on the education of those children is certain. However, there are still shortcomings in the implementation and evaluation of the current policy system, and there is a need to continue to improve the safety management system and the evaluation system, and implement the responsibilities of the main bodies, so that China can encourage the policy system related to children who are left-behind to be implementation.

History of the Study of Traditional Clothing of the Krasnoufim Mari (18th-20th Centuries)

The Krasnoufim Mari is a group of Ural Mari people, whose traditional clothing was marked by bright originality. They attracted the attention of travelers, researchers, local historians, ethnographers, art historians. The costume of the Ural Mari was repeatedly described by researchers of the 18th-19th centuries, and in the 20th-21st centuries it was the object of study of both Russian and Finnish ethnographers of different generations. The earliest evidences about the costume of the Ural Mari left by P.S. Pallas. In the 19th century the clothing of Mari people of Krasnoufimsky uyezd was described by G. Gorodskoy (V.N. Shishonko), S. Som-mier, D.P. Nikolsky. In the twentieth century the costume of this group of Mari ethnos was studied by T.E. Evseviev, S.N. Shitova, T.L. Molotova, as well as by A.O. Heikel and I. Lehtinen. In the 20th centure only one article devoted to the clothing of the Krasnoufim Mari people was published, and in the 21st century a number of richly illustrated articles and editions were published, the chapters of which were devoted to the costume of the Ural Mari people. Some of them are based on the materials collected in the Krasnoufim District of the Sverdlovsk Region. Three main bodies of sources on the topic were grouped by the researchers of the 18th-21st centuries: texts; collections of clothing items; photo-documents. In this article the history of formation of all three groups of sources is considered, as they were interrelated and represented often only different parts of a single research process.

Innovating for a greener world: Simulating low-carbon innovation in manufacturing companies from the lens of community succession

Under the global low-carbon scheme of things, manufacturing enterprises are believed to be the main bodies of carbon emissions. As a result, their low-carbon innovation behaviour has become an important driving force for the transformation of enterprises. Against this framework, the processes, laws and characteristics of their evolution trajectory need to be systematically studied. From the standpoint of community ecological succession, this study explores the evolution process of manufacturing enterprises' low-carbon innovation behaviour by improving the Kene model. The study also built a SKIN model for the evolution simulation of manufacturing enterprises' low-carbon innovation behaviour by using the NetLogo 6.2 software to carry out related simulations. The findings of the study show that: (1) the evolution of manufacturing enterprises' low-carbon innovation behaviour in the perspective of community succession has obvious stage characteristics; (2) social low-carbon normative pressure and stakeholder pressure have a positive effect on the evolution of manufacturing enterprises' low-carbon innovation behaviour; (3) low-carbon system factors promote the evolution of low-carbon innovation behaviour of innovation subjects; (4) the evolution of low-carbon innovation behaviour in the innovation community has path-dependent. Theoretically, based on the community succession concept, this study deepens research on evolution of manufacturing enterprises' low-carbon innovation behaviour. Moreover, the study has laid the foundation for the application of evolutionary theory, upper echelons theory and system theory in the field of manufacturing enterprises’ low-carbon research.

Efficient treatment of tannery wastewater through aeration, coagulation, and algal pond.

Tannery wastewater effluents contain many toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals and physiochemical parameters that need to be removed before these effluents enter in the main water bodies or rivers. In this study, the effluents from the tannery industry are treated through aeration, coagulation, and Chlorella vulgaris pond treatment processes for the removal of physiochemical: parameters only. The effect of removal efficiencies (%) was studied on the physicochemical parameters, including salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The key results showed that the removal of EC, TDS, turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD was 80.2%, 67%, 81%, 80.8%, 68.6%, and 100%, respectively, in raw wastewater treatment having 25, 50, and 70 g of algae C. vulgaris doses. The removal efficiencies (%) of salinity, EC, TDS, turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD were 83%, 87.1%, 77.1%, 80%, 40%, 97%, and 98%, respectively, during coagulated wastewater treatment with three doses of algae. The observed improvement in treated wastewater indicated that the removal efficiencies (%) of salinity, EC, TDS, turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD were 85.7%, 39.3%, 81.3%, 67.8%, 50.3%, 97%, and 98%, with C. vulgaris. This study confirmed that the treatment of tannery wastewater by these processes increased the pollutant removal efficiencies as all the physiochemical parameters were exceeding the permissible limits. This research will be helpful to treat the industrial wastewaters or effluents before it further mixes up in the main water streams. In this way, water quality will be better, aquatic life will be saved, and further researchers can analyze more ways for efficient treatments as they have a baseline data through this study findings. One of the most pollutant sources in terms of both physical and chemical parameters is the produced wastewater from tannery industries. The effluents from tannery industry are treated through aeration, coagulation, and algae ponds treatment processes. These treatment made the tannery wastewater as environmental friendly.

The Trend of Plastic Recycling Policies in Japan on the Current Legal Regulation of Transboundary Movements of Plastic Waste

Since China’s import ban on solid waste in 2017 and the entry into force of “Plastic Amendment” to the Basel Convention, global plastic waste trading has entered a new historical stage that transboundary movements of plastic waste is no longer regarded as a wise approach for many developed countries. Due to the fact that China, a traditional plastic-importing country, no longer accepts plastic waste after 2021, and the strict regulations on cross-border plastic transactions under the amendment to the Basel Convention, the circulation of plastic waste is increasingly restricted, making it imperative for the world to build a new plastic disposal system to deal with the immediate crisis. As a traditional plastic-export country in Asia, Japan faces domestic plastic overstocking crisis as well. However, as a well-known environmentally-friendly country, Japan’s new policies and legal perfection implemented thereafter have triggered concerns. Regulations through the whole process including production, use, recycling of plastic have clearly specified the responsibilities of main bodies, and the macro control of product production standards sets a unified supervision system at the national level. The valuable experience of this “Japanese Model” can provide some references for China’s future improvements of domestic plastic waste management.

Liquid Metal Combinatorics toward Materials Discovery.

Liquid metals and their derivatives provide several opportunities for fundamental and practical exploration worldwide. However, the increasing number of studies and shortage of desirable materials to fulfill different needs also pose serious challenges. Herein, to address this issue, a generalized theoretical frame that is termed as "Liquid Metal Combinatorics" (LMC) is systematically presented, and summarizes promising candidate technical routes toward new generation material discovery. The major categories of LMC are defined, and eight representative methods for manufacturing advanced materials are outlined. It is illustrated that abundant targeted materials can be efficiently designed and fabricated via LMC through deep physical combinations, chemical reactions, or both among the main bodies of liquid metals, surface chemicals, precipitated ions, and other materials. This represents a large class of powerful, reliable, and modular methods for innovating general materials. The achieved combinatorial materials not only maintained the typical characteristics of liquid metals but also displayed distinct tenability. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies, wide extensibility, and pivotal applications of LMC are classified. Finally, by interpreting the developmental trends in the area, a perspective on the LMC is provided, which warrants its promising future for society.

The evolution of the international legal regulation of the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict

INTRODUCTION. In recent decades, there has been an escalation of armed clashes in the territories of African states, the states of the Middle East and Central Asia with the participation of military formations, international terrorist groups that everywhere use the practice of attacking and looting cultural property as a military strategy. In this regard, of scientific and practical interest is a comprehensive study of the legal and organizational foundations of international legal regulation of the protection of cultural property during armed conflicts, evaluation of their effectiveness and identification of promising tasks for the development of additional measures and strategies for the preservation of cultural heritage, taking into account new challenges and threats.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This paper examines the provisions of key international treaties, decisions of the main bodies and specialized agencies of the UN, which together form the existing international legal regime for the protection of cultural property in armed conflict. The author also analyzes the jurisprudence of international criminal justice bodies on bringing individuals to justice for deliberate attacks on cultural sites as part of hostilities. Special attention is paid to the study of scientific works of both domestic and foreign scientists, within which international legal concepts are formed, designed to resolve existing problems in the current international legal regulation of the issue under study, as well as to form promising concepts in the framework of the development of the doctrine of international law. The methodological basis is made up of general scientific and special research methods.RESEARCH RESULTS. According to the results of the study, it was found that during the XX century states have consistently developed norms for the protection of cultural property from threats associated with armed conflicts, while the XXI century was marked by best practice in the application of the rules on liability for attacks on cultural property in situations of armed conflict in the activities of international justice bodies. In addition, it was determined that for the first time in the history of UN peacekeeping, the UN Security Council tested the mandate of the Multidisciplinary Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, in which the peacekeeping contingent, among other things, performed the tasks of protecting, safeguarding and restoring cultural heritage sites together with UNESCO. It seems significant to identify and generalize the prospects for the development of new international legal measures for the preservation of cultural heritage for future generations, taking into account the changing nature of armed conflicts, the intensification of the activities of international terrorist groups and the growing practice of destroying the centuries-old cultural heritage of peoples in the framework of the so-called “cultural cleansing". The topical aspect of the study was the establishment of new approaches of states to the protection of cultural heritage as a means of ensuring international peace and security.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The publication presents the author's objective assessments of the established international legal framework, judicial practice of international criminal justice bodies, as well as doctrinal approaches of both domestic and foreign scientists on the issue of international legal regulation of the protection of cultural property during armed conflicts. Separately, the forms of international legal cooperation of states at the UN site within the framework of the UNESCO profile organization for the development of modern regulatory and organizational foundations for the interaction of the competent authorities of states to prevent and suppress the destruction of cultural heritage, as well as the looting and illegal export of cultural property in the event of an armed conflict, especially terrorist groups.

Research on the Phenomenon of Educational Migration in China

In recent years, Chinas educational migration project has narrowed the gap in educational resources between regions and successfully reduced the incidence of poverty. However, students who participate in educational migration need to leave their original learning and living environment, and in such a context, they often face cultural adaptation issues. As migrants, the new living environment can make them feel unfamiliar and even require them to give up traditional living habits; as students, a decrease in the frequency of interaction with family can have a negative impact on their physical and mental development, and ethnic minority students may also face communication difficulties due to language barriers. Educational migrant students, educational migrant receiving schools, and relocation areas are the three main bodies of the educational migrant project. This paper uses qualitative analysis to analyze the cultural adaptation, psychological education, and human resource loss issues in relocation areas, and proposes targeted suggestions on how to better integrate these three bodies with the educational migrant project. Schools that receive educational migrants need to actively take measures to ensure teaching effectiveness, such as strengthening infrastructure construction, improving students cultural adaptability, conducting psychological counseling courses, and encouraging some vocational education graduates to return to their hometowns for employment to solve the problem of human resource loss.