Main Bodies Research Articles

Political and Legal Aspects of Criminal and Administrative Responsibility for Information Security Offences in the Context of National Security of the Kyrgyz Republic

"The research relevance is predefined by the peculiarities of modern state development taking place in the context of digitalization. This factor affects the dynamics of changes and transformations in both the political and legal institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic, which provokes the increased role of the information sphere in the state. The research aims to reveal political and legal instruments to influence individuals committing unlawful acts against information security in Kyrgyzstan. The analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction, formal-legal and generalisation methods were used in the research. As a result, the modern information sphere includes both information and information infrastructure and persons performing operations with it. Thus, a separate system of regulation of social relations is being formed, which directly affects the state of security of modernised society. As a result, it can be established that the current society, both in Kyrgyzstan and in other states, is an information society and continues to develop on its basis. In this connection, the information sphere has acquired the character of a system-forming mechanism, based on which the functioning of public life, its political, economic and defence component, takes place. It has been established that the number of offences in the field of information security is growing, so there is a need to develop new legal instruments for their deterrence. The study revealed the role of the main state bodies and their activities in the sphere of counteraction to cyber threats in Kyrgyzstan."

Analysis of Corporate Strategic Management of China Southern Airlines

With the unstoppable trend of economic globalization and the development of China's socialist market economy into a period of high-quality development, market competition is more intense. In order to gain a firm foothold in the market competition or even gain an advantage, it is necessary to carry out strategic management within the enterprise according to its own actual situation, so as to promote the healthy development of the enterprise. Through the implementation of strategic management within the enterprise, it can also provide a decision-making role for its sustainable and healthy development, help managers formulate scientific business plans more systematically and efficiently, build a new management model, and ensure that enterprises have a place in the market competition. As one of the main bodies of China's economic lifeline, the air transport industry plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the development of the world economy, and investors pay more attention to the development prospects of related enterprises whose main business is the air transport industry. Taking China Southern Airlines, a leading enterprise in China's air transport industry, as an example, this paper evaluates and analyzes the competition situation of the industry in which Porter uses Porter's "Five Forces Model", points out the problems in the strategic management of the enterprise, and proposes corresponding measures.

Decolonising meritocratic higher education: key challenges and directions for change

ABSTRACT In the context of the global decolonial movement, this paper aims to identify major challenges faced by higher education institutions by following an integrative literature review as a methodological approach. A review of two main bodies of scholarly literatures – decolonisation of higher education and meritocracy in higher education – showed that higher education is a colonial project in which meritocratic logics have been used to justify social, economic and racial inequalities. The paper identifies that the commodification of life, exclusion of racialised faculties and students and colonisation of their epistemologies are three major challenges. Reorienting the praxes of higher education towards collective well-being, taking action for the meaningful inclusion of faculties and students and embracing epistemological plurality for higher education decolonisation are discussed as three potential directions for change.

Mineralogie sulfidických rud z Měděné štoly ve zlatohorském rudním revíru

Until 1993, sulfide ores of copper, lead and zinc, as well as native gold were mined in the Zlaté Hory ore district in the Jeseníky Mountains. These deposits occur in the Devonian volcano-sedimentary complex of the Vrbno Group, which consists of quartzites, phyllites, limestones and metamorphic igneous rocks of intrusive and extrusive nature. The main ore bodies are located in a quartzite horizon containing lenses of felsic metavolcanic rocks or in the underlying and overlying rocks (mainly phyllites). Sulfide mineralization of the Měděná Adit in the Zlaté Hory ore district concentrated in greenschists containing three mineral assembblages: i) chlorite + quartz + albite + barian feldspar + siderite + dolomite (ankerite) ± ilmenite, ii) chlorite + phlogopite + quartz + albite + siderite + dolomite (ankerite) ± magnetite ± ilmenite, iii) chlorite + muscovite + quartz + albite + ilmenite ± siderite ± magnetite. Micas have elevated barium contents (2.2 to 5.5 wt. % BaO in phlogopite, 2.6 to 4.6 wt. % BaO in muscovite) and represent the dominant carrier of this element in the rock. In the case that mica is absent in the rock, barium is bound in barian feldspar. When content of quartz in these greenschists is high, they pass into quartzite. Three types of sulfide ore were found in the Měděná Adit: A) banded copper ore in biotite-chlorite greenschist, which is formed dominantly by disseminated pyrite and pyrrhotite, accompanied by a small amount of chalcopyrite (the ore contains approx. 0.7 wt.% Cu), B) disseminated copper mineralization in quartz-rich bands or quartzite intercalations in chlorite greenschist, consisting mainly of pyrrhotite, less voluminous pyrite, and small amounts of chalcopyrite and galena (the ore contains approx. 0.3 wt.% Cu, the lead content is highly variable, up to 0.15 wt.% Pb), C) vein-like copper ore in greenschist with chalcopyrite dominating over pyrrhotite and pyrite (the ore has a very high copper content, 13.6 and 24.7 wt.% Cu in two analyzed samples). With its mineral composition, structural features and the character of the ore-bearing rocks, disseminated copper mineralization is similar to the Cyprus-type ores (so-called Cu-pyrite ores). The vein copper mineralization is probably a result of copper remobilization during regional metamorphism.

THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL REPORTING ON INVESTMENT DECISION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA

This paper examined the impact of financial reporting on the investment decisions of small and medium-scale enterprises in Nigeria. The study was carried out to determine the challenges facing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in adopting effective financial accounting reporting in Nigeria and to ascertain the contribution of poor credit facilities to inadequate accounting records in SMEs in Nigeria. Survey methods and time series data were used, and data were collected with questionnaires and the CBN statistical bulletin. The generated data were analyzed with a simple percentage table. The study found that the challenges facing SMEs in the preparation and presentation of financial reports are inadequate accounting books and records, manpower, the accounting system, and not running their transactions through the banking system. The study recommends, among others, that since keeping proper books of account and preparing financial records can only be done by professional accountants, the two main bodies in Nigeria, ICAN and ANAN, should encourage their members to offer free professional service to SMEs in Nigeria.

The Rule of Law in Advisory Opinions of the International Court of Justice

The concept of the rule of law is important both for the domestic law of States and in international law. In practice, some difficulties arise due to the lack of an accurate definition of its content. There is an opinion that it is easier to refer to this concept than to define its content. The problem is indicated in the documents of the United Nations (UN). The UN General Assembly resolution of 16 September 2005, in the section devoted to the rule of law principle, emphasizes the need for its universal observance and application both in national legal systems and in international law. The documents adopted under the auspices of the UN also highlight an important role played by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the implementation of this concept. Uniform and impartial application of law by the court is a reflection of the idea of the rule of law. All the activities of the ICJ as one of the main UN bodies serve to strengthen and promote this concept. By adopting decisions and advisory opinions, the Court contributes to clarifying and strengthening the influence of international law on relations between States. The development of the idea of the rule of law also affects activities of UN bodies, increasing predictability of their activities. In its practice, the ICJ gives it exceptional legitimacy and a broad scope of action, due to which the rule of law contributes to the implementation of the goals and principles of the UN. The Court’s contribution to the promotion of the concept is particularly noticeable in the framework of ongoing activities for the peaceful settlement of international disputes, clarification and dissemination of international law and its application on an equal basis to all subjects.

From the Ground Up: Critical Reflections About Co-Constructing A New Non-Profit Sector Undergraduate Certificate

Community-university engagement is a growing field and takes many different forms. We explain and reflect critically on a community-university developmental process that we created to design a new non-profit studies undergraduate certificate. A steering group comprising students, non-profit organizations (NPOs), and faculty guided our process. We adopted a community-based, emergent, multi-tactic process that went from testing an idea, to collectively designing and co-constructing the certificate to building momentum to operationalize it, over an 18-month period. Our strategy was based on the convergence of three main bodies of literature—community-engaged scholarship, citizen participation, and naturalistic inquiry—and included seven tactics: community-university dialogues, e-communication, interactive booths in public places, presentations and learning circles, student research projects, student and NPO surveys, and pilot-testing undergraduate courses. The outcomes of our process revealed strong community support for a new certificate, which was then co-constructed and later approved by the University Senate. Today, five years later, we reflect on the ebb and flow of our process, in particular: emergent design challenges, the space-in-between, community/university black boxes, ownership, and facilitation work. This exploration contributes to the knowledge base on co-construction processes.

The Inevitability, Main Difficulties and Countermeasures of High Quality Development of Higher Vocational Colleges in the New Era

Higher vocational education is the advanced stage of vocational education, which undertakes the mission of cultivating high-quality technical and skilled personnel. Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, higher vocational education has ushered in a period of policy dividend development. The country has deepened its emphasis on higher vocational education, and its development prospects are broad. Higher vocational colleges are one of the main bodies closely related to social economy, and serving regional economic and social development is their basic goal. Adhering to high-quality development direction can continuously serve social and economic development. The high-quality development of higher vocational colleges in the new era must fully understand the inevitability of high-quality development in the new era, overcome the stubborn malaria, implement and deepen the integration of industry and education, build a community of shared destiny for the integration of industry and education in higher vocational colleges, increase education investment, improve the diversified investment mechanism, improve the internal quality standard system, achieve high-quality development strategies for higher vocational colleges, and comprehensively promote high-quality development of higher vocational colleges.

Equilibrium dynamics of the restricted 3-body problem with prolate primaries

In this paper, the equilibrium dynamics of the circular restricted (2+1)-body problem with two elongated main bodies is investigated. More precisely, the influence of the mass parameter and the non-sphericity parameter on the position and stability of the libration points of this characteristic configuration is studied through numerical and semi-analytical methods. In addition, the effect of these two parameters of the system on the fractality of the basins of convergence is also investigated, for this, two quantitative indicators are used: the boundary basin entropy and the uncertainty dimension. It is shown that when the two objects have the same value of the non-sphericity parameter, the appearance of new collinear and non-collinear libration points takes place. Compared to the classical circular restricted three-body problem, our numerical study reveals that when both primaries are prolate, some of the collinear libration points may be stable.

ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF STATE POWER IN OLBIA PONTICA

It has long been established that Olbia Pontica is one of the largest and best studied ancient states in the Black Sea region. However, there are still many gaps regarding both generalizing studies of archaeological materials and the main aspects of its political history. Within the framework of this article, the issues of the political system of Olbia as an ancient Greek polis throughout the entire period of its existence from the 6th century BC to the 3th century AD is briefly considered, mainly based on lapidary inscriptions. Whenever possible, we have characterized the main structures of the polis government. According to the traditional scheme, first, the activities of the Oikist, the leader of the Ionian settlers, has described. Thanks to his endurance, reasonable activity and courage, Olbia already in the first decades achieved significant success in economic self-sufficiency, the development of fertile lands, the establishment of trade relations with the metropolis, many Greek cities and local tribes. A single civil community at the beginning of an independent policy and the definition of a pantheon with the compilation of four sacred zones on the territory of the Upper City of Olbia as a whole led to the creation of an independent original type of an ancient Greek state on the far periphery of the ancient ecumene. Hypothetically, the first Oikist was Euresibius, whose power was close to tyrannical, as at that time in the metropolis.
 Founders and their heirs, who, according to ancient tradition, belonged to the aristocrats, have always occupied the main positions in the polis. In the second half of the 6th—5th centuries BC the oligarchic regime is confirmed by epigraphic and numismatic sources, as well as materials from the archaic necropolis.
 The aristocratic sacred union of the molps played a significant role in the polis, similar to the Milesian one. Because of close ties with Athens and the revived Miletus, in Olbia, at first, the supporters of the democratic system won for a short time. The transition from oligarchy to almost a hundred years of tyranny over the Scythian protectorate in the 5th century BC has no credible evidence.
 According to numerous epigraphic sources, a democratic system existed in the Olbia polis until the Getic rout around the middle of the 1st century BC and been restored with the return of the Olbiopolites to their native city after the victory of the Romans over the Getic kingdom of Burebista in 48 BC. In Olbia, various types of democracy can be traced (radical, moderate and predominantly elitist). The article briefly characterizes the main legislative bodies of power (the People’s Assembly and the Council) and the periodic changes in their role in the polis. In addition, the appointment and specifics of the activities of elected executive boards, both permanent and elective auxiliary boards in extraordinary situations, are considered. In addition, numerous individual positions, one way or another fixed in the Olbian inscriptions of different times, belonged to the elected ones. In the first centuries of our era, there are no temporary colleges, probably because of the shrinking of the city and a smaller population. The durability of democratic power in the Olbia policy explained by the unity of the civil community, the freedom of activity of its members, high ethnic self-consciousness and the constant desire for peaceful coexistence with neighboring peoples, the preservation of parental linguistic and religious traditions throughout ancient times.

CREATION AND ACTIVITY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY OF MILITARY SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BODIES

One of the objectives of this study is to study the measures for the reorganization of the central military administration of the army carried out on the initiative of the highest state and military authorities in the first half of the XIX century. In the course of these transformations, a number of scientific and technical bodies were created in the main bodies of military administration, the main task of which was to develop recommendations and solutions for the qualitative improvement of the tactical and technical characteristics of domestic artillery. The article deals with some of such bodies as, for example, the «Temporary Artillery Committee», later transformed into the «Scientific Committee on Artillery», the functioning of which contributed to the transformation of the material part of the domestic smoothbore artillery and a significant increase in its tactical and technical data. The reduction of calibers, the use of the same types of shells to different types of guns of the same caliber made it possible to use the same ammunition in naval and land artillery guns. Simplification of the material part made it possible to reduce the number of heterogeneous carriages. Attention is focused on the fact that many useful reforms in the scientific and technical field of the development of domestic artillery were carried out during the management of the artillery department by A.A.Arakcheev. conducted in the first half of the XIX century. Previously unpublished archival and other little-studied sources are introduced into scientific circulation.

Synthesis of Hydrophobically Associating Polymers with Natural Product Structures by a One‐Pot Method – Comparison of Ethanol Treatment and Freeze‐Drying

AbstractPolyacrylamide‐based hydrophobically associating polymers (HAPAM) containing capsaicin derivatives and itaconic acid with acrylamide (AM) and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the main bodies, and N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as the functional monomer are prepared by a one‐pot synthesis of the soap‐free emulsion polymerization process. The structure is characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) explores thermal stability. For achieving proper purification, excellent preservation and convenient transportation of the polymer and to advance its practical engineering applications, two different treatments, namely ethanol washout and freeze‐drying, are carried out and compared. The surface morphology observation manifests that the freeze‐drying products (DHPAM) better protect the three‐dimensional cross‐linked network structure formed by various supramolecular forces such as hydrophobic association, electrostatic and hydrogen bonding inside the polymer than the ethanol washout products (EHPAM), which well explains why DHPAM has lower critical association concentration (CAC), greater resistance to high temperature and high salt, and better corrosion inhibition performance than EHPAM. It is significant for strengthening the application of polymers in related fields, especially oil and gas extraction.

Legionella pneumophila and Free-Living Nematodes: Environmental Co-Occurrence and Trophic Link.

Free-living nematodes harbor and disseminate various soil-borne bacterial pathogens. Whether they function as vectors or environmental reservoirs for the aquatic L. pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, is unknown. A survey screening of biofilms of natural (swimming lakes) and technical (cooling towers) water habitats in Germany revealed that nematodes can act as potential reservoirs, vectors or grazers of L. pneumophila in cooling towers. Consequently, the nematode species Plectus similis and L. pneumophila were isolated from the same cooling tower biofilm and taken into a monoxenic culture. Using pharyngeal pumping assays, potential feeding relationships between P. similis and different L. pneumophila strains and mutants were examined and compared with Plectus sp., a species isolated from a L. pneumophila-positive thermal source biofilm. The assays showed that bacterial suspensions and supernatants of the L. pneumophila cooling tower isolate KV02 decreased pumping rate and feeding activity in nematodes. However, assays investigating the hypothesized negative impact of Legionella's major secretory protein ProA on pumping rate revealed opposite effects on nematodes, which points to a species-specific response to ProA. To extend the food chain by a further trophic level, Acanthamoebae castellanii infected with L. pneumphila KV02 were offered to nematodes. The pumping rates of P. similis increased when fed with L. pneumophila-infected A. castellanii, while Plectus sp. pumping rates were similar when fed either infected or non-infected A. castellanii. This study revealed that cooling towers are the main water bodies where L. pneumophila and free-living nematodes coexist and is the first step in elucidating the trophic links between coexisting taxa from that habitat. Investigating the Legionella-nematode-amoebae interactions underlined the importance of amoebae as reservoirs and transmission vehicles of the pathogen for nematode predators.

Emergent open repair of a symptomatic type III thoracoabdominal aneurysm.

Emergent open repair of a symptomatic type III thoracoabdominal aneurysm.

Equilibrium points and their stability in a new generalized planar version of the collinear restricted four-body problem

We introduce a new generalized planar version of the collinear restricted four-body problem. In this version, all three main bodies are located on the horizontal x-axis, while they have unequal masses. The dynamical system contains two free parameters related to the masses and positions of the main bodies. We investigate the equilibrium dynamics of the system by determining how these two free parameters affect the dynamical properties of the equilibria, such as their position and linear stability. By deploying some standard numerical methods combined with rigorous and systematic analysis, we studied the equilibrium dynamics of the system and revealed its properties regarding the nature of the libration points and the connections with the parameters of the system.

Bilateral Matching Decision Making of Partners of Manufacturing Enterprises Based on BMIHFIBPT Integration Methods: Evaluation Criteria of Organizational Quality-Specific Immunity

This study aims to examine how the bilateral matching decision making of manufacturing enterprises that are seeking partners in the manufacturing supply chain can be improved by taking into consideration evaluation criteria for organizational quality-specific immunity. This study constructs an evaluation indicator system to measure organizational quality-specific immunity based on immune theory. The system’s evaluation criteria are based on the key components of organizational quality-specific immunity. We also construct bilateral matching evaluation and decision-making models using interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information and bidirectional projection technology (BMIHFIBPT). The interval-valued bilateral fuzzy bidirectional projection technology is applied to solve a combination satisfaction and matching optimization model. Empirical analysis is carried out to assess both the supply and demand sides of representative manufacturing enterprises in the manufacturing supply chain, match the main supply and demand bodies of two subjects, and help manufacturing enterprises select the optimal cooperation partners. The empirical analysis results indicate that the bilateral matching evaluation and decision-making models based on BMIHFIBPT can overcome the lack of information to some extent and help solve interval-valued hesitant fuzzy decision-making problems. In turn, the models can provide a basis for manufacturing enterprises to effectively select the best cooperation partners and conduct bilateral matching decision making in the manufacturing supply chain area that supports organizational quality-specific immunity.

Determining forces arising during the passage of cotton fiber between the fixed knife and working drum of the roller gin

The object of this study is a roller gin. Roller gins are installed in the gin shops of cotton factories and their purpose is to mechanically separate cotton fiber from seeds in fine-fiber varieties of cotton. The criteria for the technological evaluation of roller gin are the sum of defects and fiber contamination after ginning, the cleansing effect of gin on weeds, damage to seeds, and fiber tow effects. Existing methods do not fully reveal all the reserves of increasing the productivity of the machine, improving the design of the main working bodies of the roller gin, ensuring the effective operation of the machine, and preserving the natural qualities of fiber and seeds. The determination of the force on the surface of the drum during the ginning process is of great practical interest for designing main working bodies of roller gins. The efficiency and quality of the processed product depend on the interaction of the working drum and knife with the breaking organ in the process of fiber separation. The design of the drum and knife, their kinematic parameters, the stability of technological wiring largely determine both the performance of the gin and the quality of the fiber and seeds. Theoretical studies have been conducted to determine the factors that affect the performance of roller gin. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to change the most important structural parameters of the machine. The obtained analytical expressions for the specific pressure and specific friction forces applied from the side of the drum surface to the processed mass of raw materials make it possible to conclude that when the load from the breaking body increases during the lower rebound, the process of grasping, dragging, and holding the fibers between the working drum and the fixed knife worsens

Sedimentary Microfacies and Sand Body Characteristics at Segment 2 of the Sangonghe Formation in Oilfield A on the South Slope District of the Mahu Depression

The South Slope District of the Mahu Depression in the Junggar Basin, a major favorable zone for middle and superficial oil–gas exploration, has experienced industrial gas flow. However, research on the sedimentary microfacies characteristics of Segment 2 of the Sangonghe Formation, the main oil-bearing formation, remains lacking. In this study, the rock type, sedimentary tectonics, and sedimentary microfacies of Segment 2 of the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in the South Slope District of the Mahu Depression were thoroughly investigated through 3D seismic, rock core, and logging data. Moreover, the sedimentary modes and distribution characteristics of the sand bodies in the study area were further analyzed. Results showed that subfacies at the front edge of the braided river delta are developed at Segment 2 of the Sangonghe Formation, which can be further divided into four microfacies types, namely, underwater distributary channel, sheet sand, estuary dam, and interdistributary bay. The estuary dam is only developed at local positions in the work area. The vertical evolutionary laws from Segment 2 of the Sangonghe Formation to Segment 3 of the Sangonghe Formation are explicit and manifest as retrogradation from the subfacies at the front edge of the braided river delta to the prodelta. The sand bodies formed by frequent swings of the underwater distributary channels are the main reservoir bodies, and the lithology is mainly fine-grained feldspar lithic sandstone, and sedimentary tectonics have diverse forms. On the basis of deposition microphase analysis, the sand bodies’ planar distribution characteristics under phase-controlled conditions were analyzed using a seismic model inversion technology to provide theoretical guidance for oilfield expansion, exploration, and exploitation.

Predict FTSE100 Stock Movements Using Business News Sentiment and Machine Learning

In order for investors to maximize their benefit by having better forecasts of the complex dynamics of the stock market, there are many factors that affect the stock market, from a company's financial ratios to investor sentiment and reactions to financial news. This project aims to collect UK business news from the Guardian and uses NLP techniques to transform unstructured text data into usable structured sentiment data to predict the movement of the FTSE100 index. The program uses two different libraries TEXTBLOB and VADER to extract sentiments from both the headlines and main bodies of the business news articles. Four machine learning algorithms including Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbours and Support Vector Machines and a voting classifier were used to predict FTSE100 index movement given the business news sentiments of the previous day.

Evaluation of Schools of University and Analysis of Obstacle Factors under the Background of High-Quality Development

Currently, promoting the high-quality development (HQD) of higher education is an urgent need of the country, which is the requirement for achieving stable and sustainable development. As the main bodies of the university, the development levels of the schools directly affect universities’ development. To improve universities’ comprehensive strength, this paper proposes an integrated framework for HQD evaluation and obstacle-factor analysis for schools. To address this problem, combining the management by objectives (MBO) constructs an HQD evaluation model of schools of university covering different aspects. Meanwhile, the obstacle diagnosis model is utilized to analyze the main obstacle factors that restrict the improvement of HQD level of the schools. Moreover, taking into account the vagueness and imprecision in real life, index weights and expert weights are determined through the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS). Finally, a practical problem was chosen to illustrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed framework and some suggestions from different perspectives are given according to the analysis of results.