Mahua Biodiesel Research Articles

In-cylinder pressure profiling for CNG/ethanol enriched biodiesel combustion

The current study takes a comparative approach to analyze the In-Cylinder pressure distributions and their effect on the engine combustion stability for a specific diesel engine when fueled with Mahua biodiesel in split injection mode with low reactive CNG/ethanol through port fuel injection. Variations in injection time, main-pilot energy sharing, and reactivity of the fuel mixture are included in this investigation. The engine’s operational and combustion stability during ethanol/CNG enriched Mahua biodiesel operation has been demonstrated by the coefficient of variance of indicated mean effective pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise, respectively. The minimum value of the stability index of maximum pressure rise rate for CNG-biodiesel & ethanol-biodiesel combustion illustrated a 49.23% & 88.07% reduction compared to baseline diesel operation. The minimum value of COVIMEP for the respective fuel strategies registered 83.49% & 40.27% lower measures than the corresponding baseline diesel operation. This inquiry also examines the variance in emission and performance of the test engine with stability indicators. 13.04% & 34.92% higher thermal efficiency have been reported for ethanol-biodiesel operation under the most stable combustion and operating conditions. Significantly lower particulate matter and carbon monoxide footprints have been reported under CNG-biodiesel operation with higher stability conditions.

Performance, Emission, and Catalytic Activity Analysis of AL2O3 and CEO2 Nano-Additives on Diesel Engines Using Mahua Biofuel for a Sustainable Environment.

Diesel engines are particularly harmful to the environment due to the high levels of pollution they release. This led to the discovery of a sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel source. Mahua oil transesterified into biofuel seems to be the most popular option. The possibilities for nano-additions to enhance engine performance while simultaneously lowering pollution levels are substantial. In this research, 20% by proportion mahua biodiesel (MAH B20) was mixed with varying concentrations of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles, and their joint effects on a mono-cylinder diesel engine working at a speed of 1500 revolutions per minute (rpm) were evaluated. With the use of an ultrasonic bath, the nanoparticles and MAH B20 were blended at varying concentrations and a surfactant was added for stability. The investigations concluded that the combustion and emission properties of mahua biofuel were improved because of the higher volume to surface area ratio of the combined Al2O3 and CeO2 nanostructures. The best results are found when mahua biofuel is mixed with Al2O3 and CeO2 each at 100 parts per million (ppm). The blend MAH B20 AL100 CE100 exhibits reduced brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 3.25%, increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 1.39%, and reduced emissions of hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), and carbon monoxide (CO) by 30.73, 1.27, and 44.13%, respectively.

Effect of changing injection pressure on mahua oil‐based biodiesel combustion with blended Al2O3 nanoparticles on CI engine performance and emission parameters

AbstractAlternative fuels have drawn a lot of interest as oil and gas sources have depleted and environmental concerns have grown. An alternative fuel being researched as a potential replacement for fossil fuels is biodiesel. A 5.2 KW, 4‐stroke, single‐cylinder diesel engine's Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics were evaluated in this study at 1500 rpm with various fuel injection pressures (180, 200, 220, and 240 bar). B20 (80 percent diesel and 20 percent mahua biodiesel) was created by blending mahua oil‐based biodiesel with plain diesel at a 20/80 ratio. Al2O3 nanoparticles were then added at four different quantities, including 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. It is found that BTE was improved by 6.1% and BSFC was reduced by 2.5% for B20A25over diesel at the FIP of 220 bar. In‐cylinder pressure was higher and HRR was raised by 7.2% for B20A25compared to diesel at 180 bar. CO emission was reduced by 39% in B20A25 when compared to biodiesel blend at 180 bar. When compared to diesel at 180 bar, B20A25's HC and CO2 emissions were reduced by 7.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Smoke for B20A25 at 240 bar was 3.6 percent lower than diesel. Maximum NOx emissions reduction was seen when Al2O3 nanoparticles were added to the blend at 220 bar FIP.

Parametric optimization of the CNG/ethanol-induced RCCI profiles in biodiesel combustion through a robust design space foray

To attain a “net-zero carbon footprint,” plant-based biodiesel should be used in conventional IC engines with naturalizing other important emission characteristics like nitrogen oxide and carbon footprint. This study uses a statistical modeling-based multi-objective optimization approach to find the compromise parametric solution for the combustion, performance, stability, and emissions of a diesel engine powered by Mahua biodiesel mixed with compressed natural gas (CNG)/ethanol. This current study was conducted through an advanced injection strategy called the split injection approach, followed by various energy shares from ethanol or CNG enrichment through port fuel injection strategies. Hence the engine operation was conducted with the fuel mixture of various reactivity in different proportions. However, the injection angle was counted as an effective input parameter along with the variation in energy share for different injection angles. A robust ‘design of experiment’ (DoE) approach was incorporated here by a novel strategy developed by Scott Kowalski, John Cornell, and Geoff Vining (KCV) to investigate this multi-factor approach which combines both reactivity phasing and injecting phasing strategies. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based statistical modeling was incorporated here to predict the corresponding responses in continuous design space. It is pertinent to mention that the combination of this novel DoE-RSM-based injection and reactivity phasing is a first-of-a-kind in this paradigm as per the current literature. The robust model’s best desirable responses showed improved combustion, performance, and emission characteristics while remaining within US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits. The NHC & CO footprint of the best optimal strategy was almost 15% and 60% lower for ethanol enriched biodiesel operation and 50% & 80% lower for PFI-CNG operation, respectively, the experimental values corresponding to the highest LNVIMEP & lowest COVIMEP. PM footprint has also illustrated an almost 40% lower footprint corresponding to the lowest ROPRMAX for ethanol enriched strategy and 5% reduced emission for CNG-BD operation corresponding to maximum CD. Improved EQ_BTE and CO2 footprint were registered by almost 6 % & 60% for PFI of ethanol and 20% and 10% for CNG-BD operation, respectively, compared to their experimental values corresponding to the lowest ROPRMax.

The transition from conventional biodiesel combustion to RCCI with CNG/ethanol induction in CI engine: A comparative combustion analysis and relative effects on performance-emissions

Concerning the national biofuel policies in India, increasing plant-based fuels and lowering the use of fossil diesel in CI engines reduces the burden on foreign exchange and carbon footprints in the environment, which helps achieve “net-zero carbons emissions.” In this present study, Mahua biodiesel (BD) was used here as an ignition energy source, and CNG/ethanol (Et) was used here as the primary energy source replacing the biodiesel with a significant energy share during the combustion process. The effects of various injection and reactivity phasing strategies on a diesel engine’s combustion characteristics has been evaluated here. However, effect of this combustion characteristics on the corresponding performance and emission has also been evaluated here. This study revealed the ignition delay (ID) and combustion duration (CD) trade-off for almost every combustion phase achieved here during the testing. This analysis also incorporates the widespread effect of combustion characteristics on the performance and emission behavior of the diesel engine for both types of fuel combinations, that is, CNG + BD and Et + BD operation. For example, the lowest ID for CNG enriched combustion was 26.62% greater than ethanol enriched combustion, signifying that the ethanol delayed the start of ignition at polit-main angle of 35°-05° CA. Hence, NHC, PM, and CO2 emissions registered a lower footprint for CNG-BD operation, while ethanol-BD mode reported lower CO emission. However, ethanol-enriched combustion registered a 31.25% higher maximum CD than CNG-coupled operation, signifying a more extended period of energy release. CNG-BD operation also observed lower NHC, CO, and CO2 footprint corresponding to maximum combustion duration, and ethanol-BD mode reported lower PM emission.

Influence of nano AL2O3 on compression ignition engine characteristics fuelled with Mahua biodiesel

Growing energy demand and rising emissions have prompted testing on alternative energy sources for IC engine applications. Alternative energies are commonly extracted from biomass waste, algae and plant seeds. Many environmental difficulties develop as a result of the use of petroleum products in IC engines. As a result, adapting an alternative fuel to an existing engine may necessitate some design changes in order to achieve greater or nearly equal performance of conventional fuels. The primary objective of this experiment is to increase the efficiency of the engine and reduce the concentration of HC, CO2 and NOx. The experimental investigation was assessed in a single cylinder, compression ignition engine fuelled with mahua biodiesel and its diesel blends with AL2O3 nano additive. The engine was analysed with different test fuels such as Diesel, 10 % mahua biodiesel + 90 % diesel (B10), 20 % mahua biodiesel + 80 % diesel (B20), 70 % diesel (B30) at different load conditions. From the tested fuel, 20 % mahua biodiesel + 80 % diesel (B20) showed reasonable performance and tail pipe emission compared to other biodiesel blends. The preparation of nano blended biodiesel was based on 80 % of Diesel, 20 % of mahua biodiesel and 10, 25, 50 ppm of nano AL2O3. The 50 ppm of nano AL2O3 blended biodiesel shows better thermal efficiency and reduced emissions due to presence of nanoparticle in the blends which enhance the fuel atomization characteristics. BTE of 50 ppm of nano AL2O3 blended biodiesel increased 6.05 %, when compared with the diesel. The emission of HC, CO, NOx, and Smoke by 50 ppm of nano AL2O3 blended biodiesel was reduced by 19.52 %, 29.81 %, 14.48 %, and 23.35 %, respectively when correlated to base fuel. On whole, it was concluded that nano AL2O3 blended mahua biodiesel found to be a better alternative energy for unmodified existing CI engine.

Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure on Spray Characterization of Mahua Biodiesel Blend Using CRDI Injection System

Abstract: In this study, the effect of fuel injection pressure on spray characterization of mahua biodiesel blend (B20) was visually analysed using CRDI fuel injection system. To analyse the spray characteristics, biodiesel blend fuel (B20) has injected at different injection pressures like 20, 30, 40and 50 MPa pressures. The fuel injection pressures and fuel injection durations were varied using electronic control module fitted with CRDI system. The spray structure of mahua biodiesel blend (B20) were recorded using a high-speed camera. For testing purpose one port of CRDI unit was connected with the solenoid fuel injector and other ports were closed. From the results obtained, it is clear that the spray tip penetration and spray cone angle were increased when the fuel injection pressure was increased from 20 to 50 MPa.

Experimental investigation of a novel quaternary blend for CRDI engine: performance, emission, and combustion characteristics

ABSTRACT The shortage-inflation of fossil fuels and aggravation of pollution intensity have initiated the search for innovative biofuel blends. Binary and Ternary fuels are studied for a long time. The use of biodiesel/vegetable oil up to 5–20% can replace fossil fuel with little modification in engine. However, to replace fossil fuel dependence up to 30–40% with little or no modification in engines is a challenge to researcher. This can be approached to evaluate a novel biofuel mix pattern called optimum Quaternary Blend by the experimental investigation. The main objective of the present research is to replace conventional Diesel with biofuels 30–40% with innovative fuel mix and lesser NOx-soot emission. In view of this, experimentally investigated combustion, emission, and performance behavior of single cylinder Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine fueled by quaternary blends combination of diesel (60–70 vol %), vegetable oil (Cotton Seed Oil – 5 vol% fixed), biodiesel (Mahua Biodiesel 5–25 vol %), and bio-alcohol (n-butanol 10–25 vol %). Further, to compare engine characteristics with D100% and D50B50%. Engine performance measures like brake thermal efficiency, specific energy consumption, emissions, and combustion characteristics such as rate of pressure rise (RPRR), combustion duration, CA50, CA90, mean gas temperature, combustion-chamber pressure, and net heat release rate are studied. It is noted that Diesel 60%, cotton seed oil 5% with mahua biodiesel 15–20%, and n-butanol 20–15% showed superior quaternary blend among all fuels. This optimum quaternary blend QB3-QB4 showed relatively higher brake thermal efficiency 8% more at lower specific energy consumption 10 MJ/kg about 29% less compared to other blends. Also, controlled combustion with rate of pressure rise 8.6 bar/deg CA about 14% less compared to other fuels. The NOx 10% less and smoke 2% less reported by optimum quaternary blends QB3 compared to other blends. However, CO emissions are noted least with marginal penalty in HC emissions.

Studies on Mahua Oil Biodiesel as the Sustainable Fuel in Compression Ignition Engine

Abstract Energy utilization and demand are increasing in the entire world, and most of the countries have to depend on renewable energy sources. As a renewable energy source, biodiesel produced from feedstock non-edible mahua oil (MO) can be used with a significant production capacity. In the current performance study, biodiesel was produced from high acid value non-edible MO. The mahua oil biodiesel (MOB) has similar properties as diesel and meets the biodiesel fuel standard. As running the engine with MOB is costlier compared to diesel, low-cost liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was taken as a partial substitute to reduce the operating cost. The dual-mode operation was enabled in the compression ignition (CI) engine by required retrofitting. The engine tests revealed that the MOB can be used as a substitute with LPG fumigation. Based on the cost of MO and engine performance study on mahua biodiesel, it was observed that mahua can serve as a renewable and sustainable energy source to meet the needs of energy and for the improvement in the rural economy.

Thermodynamic Investigation of a Modified Compression Ignition Engine Fueled by Diesel Biodiesel Ethanol Blends

The present study contrasts the thermodynamics analysis of modified diesel engines with traditional diesel engines. Thermodynamics study is done by the use of energy and exergy analysis for diesel, B20 (blend of 80 per cent diesel by volume with 20 per cent mahua biodiesel) and LHR modification and LTC 15 per cent EGR fuelled with B20 blend and 5 per cent ethanol with various loads ranging from no load to full load. Implemented two technologies for increasing engine efficiency. One of the primary techniques is the Low Heat Rejection (LHR) concept (or the so-called “Adiabatic” engine) applied. In the engine cylinder, a ceramic layer of Alumina (Al2O3) was used to modify the Low Heat Rejection (LHR). Another technique is Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes are added by joining the inlet and exhaust pipes through valves to control the exhaust gas at an optimal rate of 15 per cent. The findings of energy and exergy distribution in the engine were compared using optimum alterations with fuel blends such as 20 per cent mahua biodiesel and 5 per cent ethanol. From energy distribution, best shaft power (QBP) (2.8kW) is transformed from heat input observed in the optimum altered engine at full load conditions compared to others. Due to modifications employed in the engine and fuels. Maximum unaccounted energy (QUN) loss in diesel (44 %). And highest thermal efficiency (31.2 %) is revealed in B20E5 (LHR+15 % LTC). From exergy distribution, it noticed that the same trend of energy distribution and at 100 per cent load condition, maximum (12.54kW) in diesel and minimum (8.45 kW) in B20E5 (LHR+15 % LTC) has obtained input availability (Ain).The maximum conversion rate of availability in brake power (Abp) (0.61 kW) in B20 (LHR). Compared to diesel, second law or exergetic efficiency more in B20E5 (LHR+15 % LTC).

Performance and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions of Mahua ester blends with pyrogallol antioxidant in a single cylinder diesel engine

Biodiesel has attracted research because of its environmental benefits and energy security. In this research, the suitability of using Mahua B20 biodiesel blend in a single cylinder diesel engine has been carried out. The performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and NO<sub>x</sub> exhaust emissions of B20 Mahua biodiesel with pyrogallol antioxidant by changing its concentration from 0 ppm to 750 ppm is examined and compared to regular diesel. The engine performance results reveals that minor improvements in brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency is observed with considerable reduction in NOx emission at an optimum 750 ppm antioxidant concentration in comparison with B20 Mahua blend without antioxidant. Thus, Mahua B20 blend with antioxidant can be used to run diesel engine without any modification.

The effect of tri-fuel blends on engine characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

ABSTRACT Biofuels are the most promising alternative to petro-diesel. In this work, the combined effect of mahua biodiesel and 1-Hexanol is studied on the engine characteristics. The concentration of both 1-Hexanol and mahua biodiesel is varied, 10%, 20%, and 30% each with diesel fuel. Common rail direct injection diesel engine is used in this study. Engine load is varied from 20% to 80% in step of 20%, the speed of the engine is constant throughout the experiment. Biofuel blends showed improved cylinder pressure and mean gas temperature at a higher engine load. At 60% load, 10H10M80D (10% 1-Hexanol/10% mahua biodiesel/80% diesel) showed 3.45% lower thermal efficiency and 6.11% higher fuel consumption compared to diesel. At 60% load, all the biofuel blends showed 50% lower carbon monoxide emission. At 60% load, 10H10M80D showed 33.33% lower hydrocarbon emission and 0.96% higher nitrogen oxide emission compared to baseline readings. The biofuel blends are less sensitive to exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) due to the oxygenated nature of biofuels. With 20% EGR, at 60% load, 10H10M80D showed 39.48% lower nitrogen oxide compared to no EGR. The results of 10H10M80D showed the best performance at all loads.

Investigations into the Combined Effect of Mahua Biodiesel Blends and Biogas in a Dual Fuel Engine

Rapid depletion of conventional fuel sources has led to the use of alternative fuels and implementation of variant engine technologies to reduce deleterious emissions being released and deliver thermal energy for numerous applications. This research aims to study the usage of mahua methyl ester in a single-cylinder 4-stroke CI engine, optimized to operate in the dual fuel mode. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics are recorded and compared with diesel with the sole aim of finding the blend that provides adequate performance and diminishing emissions. To this effect, the percentage of mahua biodiesel blend, load, biogas flow rate and methane fraction are varied. The experimentation is conducted using three mahua biodiesel blend variants namely B10, B20 and B30. Gaseous fuel comprising biogas (CH4 and CO2 in ratio of 3:2) and methane (CH4) are incorporated in the dual fuel condition at 8 litre per minute (lpm) and 12 lpm. B20 blend demonstrated better performance and emission characteristics. The addition of biodiesel (B20) showed more than 5% improvement in brake thermal efficiency. Additionally, comparing with normal diesel mode, B20 showed lower CO (0.061%) and NOx (615 ppm) emissions. In the dual fuel condition, methane and biogas are effective in reducing the NOx emissions, but with a negative repercussion of extortionately elevated HC and CO emissions. The best combination is deduced to be B20 mahua biodiesel at 8 lpm of biogas flow rate in the dual fuel mode due to better performance and emission characteristics.

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MULTI-CYLINDER CONVENTIONAL CI ENGINE USING MADHUCA INDICA OIL AS FUEL.

The present work is mainly discussed with a qualitative study of engine’s significant characteristics fuelled with mahua bio-diesel & its different types of mixtures with neat diesel. The significant technical properties of various mixtures are tabulated. A 4-S multi-cylinder (6-Cylinder) DI conventional CI engine is used for the study under different speed modes. All types of characteristics for various mixtures are estimated in running the engine. Pure diesel is indicated by B-0 and pure mahua bio-diesel is represented by B-100. From the test results, it is found that B-25 gives almost the same BTE as B-0 at maximum load, compared to all the blends. The blend B-0 and B-25 give the least SFC of 0.332 and 0.268 kg/kWh at minimum speed (1200 rpm) and maximum speed (2400 rpm) at maximum load as contrasted to all mixtures. The B-100 gave 3.01% of NOx while related to B-0 @ lower speed.

Effect of Changing Injection Pressure on Mahua Oil and Biodiesel Combustion with Ceo2 Nanoparticle Blend on Ci Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics

Effect of Changing Injection Pressure on Mahua Oil and Biodiesel Combustion with Ceo2 Nanoparticle Blend on Ci Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics

Performance study on the C.I engine using LHR and LTC in combination with biodiesel blends

Currently, the research of a single-cylinder 4-stroke direct injection diesel engine, which was naturally aspired, was used, and two modification methods were used. The first is the low-heat rejection method (LHR), and the second is the low-temperature combustion method (LTC). LHR was introduced into the engine by ceramic coating with alumina, which is applied to engine components such as the piston, cylinder lining, and valves and has a thickness of 300 microns without affecting the dimensions of the engine parts. In the next method, low - temperature combustion (LTC) method is done with EGR technique. And the exhaust gas recirculation setting (EGR) is included in the same setup as that of first method. Since, 15% of an exhaust gas is used in the EGR process. The diesel is blended with 20% of mahua biodiesel and 5% of ethanol as a fuel. After that, the engine performance is tested with conventional fuel when compared with biodiesel as a combined LHR and LTC methods. Finally, the engine output is increased by up to 3.48% as a result of the combination of LHR and LTC. As a result, emission levels could be dramatically decreased, and other results obtained could include a decrease in infrared radiation, resulting in a decrease in specific fuel consumption (SFC), and a substantial improvement in engine efficiency characteristics.

Effect of injection timing in reducing the harmful pollutants emitted from CI engine using N-butanol antioxidant blended eco-friendly Mahua biodiesel

The utilization of non-renewable energy sources leads to long-standing unfavorable consequences on human health and environmental issues. Ever growing demand and use of diesel engines in various fields cause the emission of exhaust gases like NOx and CO that lead to serious environmental pollution and hazards like global warming, respiratory problems. Hence, it has a necessity a reduction in the use of diesel fuel and addition of suitable biodiesel. Mahua biodiesel blend has also been considered a safe renewable fuel for conventional engines. This is due to its desirable properties such as rapid growth rate, higher productivity, and the ability to utilize CO2 into fuel. Doping of an antioxidant, preferably n-butanol eliminates these harmful emissions from the diesel engine. In this experimental investigation, a Blend of Mahua biodiesel mixed with n-butanol was used as test fuel in a conventional engine. About 20–30 vol.% of n-butanol blended with 80 vol.% of diesel and tested. The injection timing was varied between 21 °CA bTDC and 25 °CA bTDC. Nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide of a blend of B20 + D80 + 30% n-butanol (NBM blend) at 21 °CA bTDC were reduced by 49 percent and 5.88 percent, respectively, when a relative to diesel fuel. The smoke and hydrocarbon emission of NBM blend at 25 °CA bTDC is reduced by 40% and 38.07%, respectively, related to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency for NBM blend at all injection timing was identified higher as a correlated to all other test blends. The brake thermal efficiency of the NBM blend at 25 °CA bTDC was increased by 15.30% when compared with diesel fuel. From the results, the Period of combustion was higher biodiesel as related to diesel. The span of ignition delay for NBM blend at advanced IT was 13.3% and 16.5% lower as compared to standard and advanced IT. These promising results assure that the Mahua biodiesel blend containing antioxidants would be eco-friendly fuel.

Parametric evaluation of B20 blend of mahua biodiesel with nanomaterial additives

Biodiesel from mahua is a promising source of energy in different forms like oil, gas, and char at present and for the future as well. Nations like India, which have adequate environmental conditions favouring the mahua crops, can produce oil from mahua, and this energy can be used in many efficient ways.This is an experimental approach made to test the engine performance of mahua biodiesel with nano metal oxide additives for its combustion and emission characteristics. The tests were conducted on a BSII commercial, single-cylinder, four strokes, water-cooled diesel engine. The test and operating conditions were set stringent, to generate the real-time environment. Tests were conducted at varying engine loads for determining the performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and emissions parameters like unburned hydrocarbons, CO2, CO and NOx. The results obtained from the tests showed mahua biodiesel has a higher fuel consumption rate which can be normalized to diesel by adding aluminium oxide. Moreover, improved brake thermal efficiency and reduction in ignition delay was achieved by adding nano metal oxides additives in varying proportions.

WITHDRAWN: Performance optimization of mahua biodiesel using cetane number improver

The harness of conventional fuels is day by day escalating because of the rise in the number of vehicles running by IC engines. Because of this, pollution is also increasing rapidly and it is very dangerous to our environment. If the same thing continues further there will be a problem of extinction of conventional fuel and also the problem of pollution. One of the best alternativesto this problem is biodiesel and mahua is one of the promising biodiesels which is extracted from the mahua non-edible trees which are abundantly accessible in India. Most of the biodiesels are used up to 15–20% blend percentage and it is also having superior properties than those biodiesels. Cetane number improver such as DTBP is supplemented to it to improve the biodiesel performance. Literature survey provided that the toting up of additive may proliferate the blending percentage of mahua biodiesel. The results divulge that M30 with additives indicated an augmented thermal efficiency by 8–10% and declined specific energy consumption by 9–12% compared to diesel and M30 fuel.

Effect of Injection Timing in Reducing the Harmful Pollutants Emitted from Ci Engine Using N-Butanol Antioxidant Blended Eco-Friendly Mahua Biodiesel

The burgeoning demand and use of diesel engines in various fields cause emission of exhaust gases like NOx and CO that lead to serious environmental pollution and hazards like global warming, respiratory problems, and so on, has necessitated a reduction in the use of diesel and addition of suitable biodiesel. Mahua biodiesel blend has also been considered as a safe renewable fuel for conventional engines. This is due to its desirable properties such as rapid growth rate, higher productivity, and the ability to utilize CO2 into fuel. The introduction of an antioxidant, preferably n-butanol eliminates these harmful emissions from the diesel engine. In this experimental investigation, mahua biodiesel blend mixed with n-butanol has been used as test fuel in a conventional engine. Because of the special character n-butanol has been chosen for use with the mahua biodiesel blend. About 20–30 vol.% of n-butanol has been blended with 80 vol.% of diesel and tested. The manufacturer set injection timing was 23oCA bTDC. The injection timing is preferably between 21oCA bTDC and 25oCA bTDC. Nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide are reduced by 49 percent and 5.88 percent, respectively, when a blend of B20 + D80 + 30% n-butanol is used at 21oCA bTDC relative to diesel fuel. The smoke and hydrocarbon emission of blend B20 + D80 + 30% n-butanol at 25oCA bTDC is reduced by 40% and 38.07%, respectively, related to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency for entire injection timing has been identified to be increased correlated to all other test blends. The brake thermal efficiency in blend B20 + D80 + 30% n-butanol of 25oCA bTDC is increased by 15.30%, when compared with diesel fuel. These promising results assure that mahua biodiesel blend containing antioxidant would be eco-friendly fuel.