Magnetohydrodynamic Hybrid Research Articles

Heat transfer enhancement in magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluids over a Bi-directional extending sheet with slip and convective conditions

The hybrid nanofluids can enhance cooling systems in microelectronics by enhancing heat dissipation from processes which makes them vital for maintaining optimal performance. They are also beneficial in solar systems where efficient heat transfer is essential for exploiting the energy detention. Thus, this study has studied the three-dimensional flow of a water-based hybrid nanofluid comprising of Fe3O4 and CuO nanoparticles on a bi-directional extending sheet. The bi-directional extending sheet is subjected to thermal convective and velocity slip conditions. In addition, the effects of heat source, magnetic field, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating are employed. The partial differential equations (PDEs) that represent the mathematical model are subsequently converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by applying the appropriate similarity variables. The shooting technique is incorporated to determine the computational solution of the converted ODEs. The effectiveness of the current study is confirmed by published results, which also validate the current outcomes. Based on the results, it is concluded that CuO and Fe3O4 solid nanoparticle volume fractions improved the thermal distribution while decreasing the velocity distributions along x and y-axes. The thermal distribution is improved by the thermal heat source, thermal radiation, thermal Biot number, and thermal Eckert numbers. CuO-water nanofluid has a higher velocity panel than CuO-Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid. Conversely, the CuO-Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid has a higher thermal profile than the CuO-water nanofluid. CuO-water nanofluid flow has higher surface drags than CuO-Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid flow. CuO-water nanofluid has a lower heat transfer rate than CuO-Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid.

Impacts of slip and activation energy on MHD hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching radiated surface with heat generation/absorption

The influences of slip and activation energy on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of hybrid nanofluid over a permeable stretching radiated surface in attendance of heat source/sink have been studied. Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles are mixed up in water to produce a hybrid nanofluid which is very important in various industrial sectors as hybrid nanofluid has wider applications in enhancing thermal efficiency to provide efficient and reliable cooling. As no one has yet searched for the collective impacts of radiative heat flux, ‘heat generation/absorption’ and ‘Arrhenius activation energy’ on MHD flow of ‘hybrid nanofluid’ in presence of slip that we are exploring in this article, this identifies the novelty of our work. Using ‘similarity transformations’, the main equations which are partial in nature are transformed to ODEs (ordinary differential equations) which are numerically solved with the assistance of ‘shooting technique and Runge–Kutta method’ using MATHEMATICA software. The outcomes of this investigation have a noteworthy impact on the physical outlook for flow field, transfer of heat and mass. Fluid velocity diminishes due to the rise of magnetic parameter but increasing nature of concentration and temperature are observed. For the rising volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles as well as for rising volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles, the heat transfer coefficient rises. Momentum ‘boundary layer thickness’ diminishes for rising velocity slip. 19.694% decrease in rate of surface heat transfer is observed when volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles changes from 0.01 to 0.12 whereas 24.394% decrease is noted when volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles changes from 0.2 to 0.14. The consequences of this study can be applied to many thermal systems used in engineering and industrial developments that utilize hybrid nanofluid for heating and cooling purposes.

A numerical analysis of the rotational flow of a hybrid nanofluid past a unidirectional extending surface with velocity and thermal slip conditions

Abstract This work inspects 3D magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow on a permeable elongating surface. The emphasis of this paper is on the study of hybrid nanofluid flow within a rotating frame, taking into account the simultaneous impact of both thermal and velocity slip boundary conditions. The chosen base fluid is water, and the hybrid nanofluid comprises two nanoparticles Cu \text{Cu} and Al 2 O 3 {\text{Al}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3} . The effect of the magnetic and porosity parameters is taken into account in the momentum equation. The thermal radiation, Joule heating, and heat source are considered in the energy equation. Using a similarity system, we transform the PDEs of the proposed model into ODEs, which are then solved numerically by the bvp4c technique. The magnetic field shows a dual nature on primary and secondary velocities. Enrich magnetic field decreases the primary velocity and enhances the secondary velocity. The rotation parameter has an inverse relation with both velocities. The temperature profile amplified with the escalation in heat source, magnetic field, rotation factor, and Eckert numbers. The skin friction is boosted with magnetic parameters while the Nusselt number drops.

Thermal and velocity slip conditions together with thermal radiative effects on Joule heating mixed convection MHD hybrid nanofluid flow induced by an exponentially shrinking or stretching sheet

ABSTRACT The present study analyzes the mixed convection with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, Joule heating, and heat transfer in hybrid nanofluids on exponentially stretching or shrinking sheets. The study aims to optimize heat transfer and fluid dynamics properties in engineering and industrial applications. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by employing appropriate similarity transformations and then solved using the BVP4C MATLAB tool. In this study, the effects of silver volume fraction, velocity slip, thermal slip, magnetic field, heat generation, Eckert number, and thermal radiation on the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, velocity profile, and temperature profile are examined and graphically discussed. The base fluid water contained 2% silver (Ag) and 0.1% titanium oxide (TiO2) nano-particles in this hybrid model. The dual solution was present for a shrinking sheet ( λ < 0 ) when λ ≥ λ c . The skin friction coefficient values decreased by approximately 37%, while the local Nusselt number increased by approximately 3.1% when the velocity slip increased in the first solution. The Nusselt number increased by approximately 0.28% and 12% when the Eckert number and radiative parameter increased, respectively, but decreased by approximately 7.5% and 0.20% when the thermal slip and heat generation increased, respectively.

Parametric Optimization of Entropy Generation in Hybrid Nanofluid in Contracting/Expanding Channel by Means of Analysis of Variance and Response Surface Methodology

This study aims to propose a central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) to create a statistical experimental design. A new parametric optimization of entropy generation is presented. The flow behavior of magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow through two flat contracting expanding plates of channel alongside radiative heat transmission was considered. The lower fixed plate was externally heated whereas the upper porous plate was cooled by injecting a coolant fluid with a uniform velocity inside the channel. The resulting equations were solved by the Homotopic Analysis Method using MATHEMATICA 10 and Minitab 17.1. The design consists of several input factors, namely a magnetic field parameter (M), radiation parameter (N) and group parameter (Br/A1). To obtain the values of flow response parameters, numerical experiments were used. Variables, especially the entropy generation (Ne), were considered for each combination of design. The resulting RSM empirical model obtained a high coefficient of determination, reaching 99.97% for the entropy generation number (Ne). These values show an excellent fit of the model to the data.

Newtonian Heating in Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Near the Stagnation Point over Nonlinear Stretching and Shrinking Sheet

Hybrid nanofluids have demonstrated superior heat transfer performance in numerous applications. However, there remains a need for further research to broaden the scope of their potential applications. The unique behavior of hybrid nanofluids, driven by their potential for improved thermal efficiency, continues to be a focal point of investigation and exploration. This study focuses on the effects of Newtonian heating in MHD hybrid nanofluid near the stagnation point over a nonlinear stretching/shrinking sheet. The Tiwari and Das model, which is a single-phase model, was used to develop the mathematical model. The base fluid and the nanoparticles are assumed to be in thermal equilibrium; hence there is no thermal slip between them. The combination of metal (Cu) and metal oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles with water (H2O) as the base fluid is used for the analysis. Furthermore, the governing equations are transformed using a similarity transformation technique into similarity equations, which are then solved numerically using a bvp4c function in MATLAB software. Numerical comparison with the published literature is conducted to validate the numerical results, and excellent agreement is found. The impact of physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, skin friction, and local Nusselt number is graphically deliberated. The outcomes suggest that non-unique solutions are found in a specific range of the shrinking parameter. It is also observed that increasing Cu (copper) nanoparticle volume fractions cause an increase in the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number. The presence of magnetic and nonlinear parameters widens the range of solutions to exist while different observation is noticed with an increase in the volume fraction of Cu. Other than that, it has been shown that the Nusselt number increases as the magnetic parameter increases. Lastly, the rise of Newtonian heating contributes to an increase in the temperature profile. This investigation is crucial for understanding the thermal behavior of Cu-Al2O3/ H2O under the influence of physical factors like a magnetic field and Newtonian heating.

An impact of Richardson number on the inclined MHD mixed convective flow with heat and mass transfer

AbstractThe two‐dimensional mixed convective MHD flow with heat and mass transfer is investigated for its behavior with Dufour and Soret mechanisms over the porous sheet. The copper–alumina (Cu–Al2O3) hybrid nanoparticles are used in the base fluid water. The governing system of partial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations, obtaining the solution for velocity, temperature, and concentration fields in exponential form. The problem is demonstrated in the Darcy–Brinkman model, the impact of included parameters such as Richardson number, magnetic field, and Dufour numbers are studied for the obtained solution with the help of graphs. Increasing the magnetic field decreases both transverse and axial velocity profiles. Increasing the magnetic field and Richardson's number decreases the solution (Al2O3–H2O). Increasing the values magnetic field and Richardson's number decreases both transverse and axial velocity profiles. Increasing the values of the Dufour effect increases the axial and transverse velocity boundary layer. The magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over porous media works efficiently in liquid cooling and, therefore, has significant applications in industrial heating and cooling systems, solar energy, magnetohydrodynamic flow meters and pumps, manufacturing, regenerative heat exchange, thermal energy storage, solar power collectors, geothermal recovery, and chemical catalytic reactors.

Pulsating magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow with thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and entropy generation: Application to bio-nanomedicine

The aim of this investigation is to explore the flow phenomena in two distinct hybrid nanofluids (with micropolar fluid as the base fluid) undergoing hydromagnetic pulsation between two vertical walls, accompanied by entropy generation. This study also explores the unique heat transfer characteristics of F e 3 O 4 − Ti O 2 and A l 2 O 3 − MgO hybrid nanofluids, with the effects of Ohmic heating, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation. The goal of using hybrid nanofluids is to improve the performance of biological systems such as nano-drug delivery in arteries, magnetic bio-separation, artificial kidneys, pressure surges, magnetofection agents, biomedical engineering, cancer treatments, and brain tumor treatment. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically by a shooting technique with a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method using a bvp4c MATLAB solver. Graphical explanations are provided for the flow variables such as the velocity, the microrotation, the temperature, the entropy generation, and the Bejan number. The heat transfer rate is an increasing function of the thermal radiation parameter; when the thermal radiation parameter increases from 1 to 3 the increases in the heat transfer rates in micropolar fluid (the base fluid), first hybrid nanofluid ( F e 3 O 4 − Ti O 2 ), and second hybrid nanofluid ( A l 2 O 3 − MgO ) are respectively 55%, 51%, and 43.86%. However, while the heat transfer rate (the Nusselt number) is a diminishing function of the Hartmann number. Further, the outcomes reveal that the hybrid nanofluids with emerging physical effects are helpful to treat cancer patients, recovering the damaged tissues and cells in arteries, and various medical-related procedures.

Influence of thermal radiation and shape factor on a hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable flat plate with cross-diffusion effects: An irreversibility analysis

Understanding and controlling the shape factors of nanoparticles in fluid flow problems is crucial for optimizing heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and various applications such as nanofluids, drug delivery systems, catalysis, and nanocomposites. By tailoring the shape of nanoparticles, researchers can manipulate their behavior, dispersion, and interaction with the fluid, thereby optimizing the desired outcomes in various fluid flow problems. The meticulous investigation uncovers the integration of entropy analysis in the investigation of the flow of convective magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid via a permeable flat surface, by considering the effects of Dufour, viscous dissipation, Soret, and thermal radiation. The governing equations are converted into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations and then solved using the bvp4c solver, a MATLAB in-built function. We display the outcomes for three different shape factors: platelet, cylinder, and brick. The skin friction coefficient increases at a rate of 1.5089 for the brick shape, 1.5163 for the cylindrical shape, and 1.5212 for the platelet shape when the mixed convection parameter lies between 1 and 5. In this regard, it is important to point out that there is a direct connection between the increase in temperature transmission rate and a decline in the Dufour number ( Du ). It has been found that when 1 ≤ Du ≤ 2.4 , the Nusselt number decreases by 0.4786, 0.4618, and 0.4512 for brick, cylinder, and platelet shapes, respectively. A decline in the Sherwood number is noticed with an upsurge in the Soret number ( Sr ). There is a noticeable increase of 0.0442 in the Sherwood number for brick shape, 0.0438 for cylinder form, and 0.0435 for platelet form when 1 ≤ Du ≤ 2.4 . Furthermore, we have detected that an increase in the radiation parameter amplifies both the Bejan number and the profiles of entropy formation.

Bioconvection study of MHD hybrid nanofluid flow along a linear stretching sheet with Buoyancy effects: Local Non-Similarity Method

Nanoparticle dispersion in aqueous solutions is a remarkable scientific technique with the potential to significantly advance many branches of engineering. This is attributed to the nonsimilar thermophysical characteristics exhibited by nanofluids in contrast to conventional fluids. The current investigation explores characteristics of bioconvective magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow containing suspended hybrid nanoparticles of Cu–MgO, passing through an extending porous surface. Radiation, heat generation, viscous dissipation and buoyancy influences are physical elements considered in this investigation. Additionally, the incorporation of microorganisms results in heightened fluid stability. Furthermore, Lorentz force’s influence on the fluid flow is considered. Water is considered as the base fluid. Copper and Magnesium Oxide are suspended in water. Employing a local non-similarity (LNS) transformation, PDEs are simplified to produce an ODE system. Subsequently, the system’s numerical solution for discrete values of the governing parameters is carried out utilizing the MATLAB function “bvp4c”. The obtained results exhibit a strong agreement with previously published findings. The effects of physical factors have been explored through a comprehensive parametric investigation. Mutual effects are shown through graphical representations, whereas numerical comparisons are shown through tabular displays.

Thermal Analysis of MHD Hybrid Nanofluid on Stretching/Shrinking Non-Parallel Walls with Uncertain Volume Fractions

This study examines the heat transmission of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid (Ag–[Formula: see text]O) flows between two stretchable or shrinkable walls. The nanoparticle volume fraction is considered an uncertain parameter and is represented using triangular and Gaussian fuzzy numbers. The governing radial momentum and energy equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation and with the required boundary conditions. A generalized homotopy approach is used to analyze the impacts of embedding parameters, including the Reynolds number, stretching/shrinking parameter, opening angle, radiation parameter, Magnetic parameter, and solid volume fraction on velocity and thermal profiles in crisp and uncertain cases. The findings demonstrate that fluid velocity and temperature distribution increase as the stretching parameter increases. The correctness of the suggested technique is validated by comparing the results with the available numerical solution. It has been observed that there is a great agreement between the present results and the numerical ones.

Entropy Generation and Thermal Radiation Impact on Magneto-Convective Flow of Heat-Generating Hybrid Nano-Liquid in a Non-Darcy Porous Medium with Non-Uniform Heat Flux

The principal objective of the study is to examine the impact of thermal radiation and entropy generation on the magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nano-fluid, Al2O3/H2O, flow in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium with variable heat flux when subjected to an electric field. Investigating the impact of thermal radiation and non-uniform heat flux on the hybrid nano-liquid magnetohydrodynamic flow in a non-Darcy porous environment produces novel and insightful findings. Thus, the goal of the current study is to investigate this. The non-linear governing equation can be viewed as a set of ordinary differential equations by applying the proper transformations. The resultant dimensionless model is numerically solved in Matlab using the bvp4c command. We obtain numerical results for the temperature and velocity distributions, skin friction, and local Nusselt number across a broad range of controlling parameters. We found a significant degree of agreement with other research that has been compared with the literature. The results show that an increase in the Reynolds and Brinckmann numbers corresponds to an increase in entropy production. Furthermore, a high electric field accelerates fluid velocity, whereas the unsteadiness parameter and the presence of a magnetic field slow it down. This study is beneficial to other researchers as well as technical applications in thermal science because it discusses the factors that lead to the working hybrid nano-liquid thermal enhancement.

Series Solutions of Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer

Hybrid nanofluids have many real-world applications. Research has shown that mixed nanofluids facilitate heat transfer better than nanofluids with one type of nanoparticle. New applications for this type of material include microfluidics, dynamic sealing, and heat dissipation. In this study, we began by placing copper into H2O to prepare a Cu-H2O nanofluid. Next, Cu-H2O was combined with Al2O3 to create a Cu-Al2O3-H2O hybrid nanofluid. In this article, we present an analytical study of the estimated flows and heat transfer of incompressible three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluids in the boundary layer. The application of similarity transformations converts the interconnected governing partial differential equations of the problem into a set of ordinary differential equations. Utilizing the homotopy analysis method (HAM), a uniformly effective series solution was obtained for the entire spatial region of 0 &lt; η &lt; ∞. The errors in the HAM calculation are smaller than 1 × 10−9 when compared to the results from the references. The volume fractions of the hybrid nanofluid and magnetic fields have significant impacts on the velocity and temperature profiles. The appearance of magnetic fields can alter the properties of hybrid nanofluids, thereby altering the local reduced friction coefficient and Nusselt numbers. As the volume fractions of nanoparticles increase, the effective viscosity of the hybrid nanofluid typically increases, resulting in an increase in the local skin friction coefficient. The increased interaction between the nanoparticles in the hybrid nanofluid leads to a decrease in the Nusselt number distribution.

Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating disk with viscous dissipation and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

This work addresses unsteady MHD flow of hybrid nanofluids (MWCNTs−Fe3O4)/H2O over a rotating disk with viscous dispassion and the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. The boundary layer flow-directing PDEs were converted into systems of dimensionless coupled nonlinear ODEs using the similarity conversion technique. Using the spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM), the resulting nonlinear momentum and energy equations were then numerically solved along with their boundary conditions. For the preparation of (MWCNTs−Fe3O4)/H2O hybrid nanofluid with shape factor n1=n2=3, it is specified that 5% of MWCNTs, 20% of Fe3O4, and 75% of H2O be taken. Using graphs and tables, the effects of more noticeable parameters on the thermal flow fields and velocity were thoroughly investigated. The results show that as the value of the unsteady parameter increased, the momentum and thermal boundary layer thickness decreased. The local heat transfer rate improves by nearly 20% as 0.2 volume of Fe3O4 nanoparticles dispersed in 0.1 volume of MWCNTs and 0.7 volume of H2O nanofluid. The finding of this study is noteworthy because it indicates that the (MWCNTs−Fe3O4)/H2O hybrid nanofluids exhibit superior flow distributions and good thermal property stability when compared to their mono counterparts.

MHD Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past A Stretching/Shrinking Wedge With Heat Generation/Absorption Impact

Heat transfer is commonly utilized in diverse industrial applications, including the manufacturing of paper, the cooling of electrical devices, and the synthesis of new substances. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effect of heat generation/absorption on the steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer of Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluids over a permeable stretching/shrinking wedge. By using similarity transformation techniques, the governing equations of the hybrid nanofluids are transformed into similarity equations. The similarity equations are numerically solved using the MATLAB software's built-in bvp4c package. The findings show that hybrid nanofluids are seen to improve thermal efficiency in comparison to conventional fluid. In relation to heat transfer rate, the increase of magnetic parameters from 0.00 to 0.10 and 0.15 contributes approximately 12.3% and 18.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, as the heat generation parameter increases, the heat transfer rate decreases leading to an inefficient thermal system. The findings of this study are anticipated to contribute to the knowledge base of scientists and researchers in the field.

Effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on radiative MHD hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions: A homotopic approach

Energy efficiency is the highest need of present times to meet the challenges of global energy demands. Nanofluids have proved to possess dynamic thermal characteristics in many experimental and theoretical studies during recent years. Nowadays, a variety of nanomaterials are accessible, and among these alloys of aluminum, AA7072 and AA7075 are important due to their unique functional characteristics. These alloys are widely used in the engineering of aircraft, spacecraft, buildings, and so on. Aiming to highlight the importance of nanofluids, this article analyses the heat and mass transfer for magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow on a stretching sheet of gyrotactic microorganisms. Additionally, the impacts of chemical reactions, activation energy, Peclet number, thermophoresis, Lewis number, Brownian motion, and thermal radiation are also studied. The governing equations from Partial differential equations into Ordinary differential equations are transformed with the support of resemblance transformations, and the solution is obtained with HAM techniques. The numerical findings are presented in figures and tabular form with the Mathematica program. The obtained results are explained from a physical point of view in detail. An assessment between the proposed and current model is described under specific flow parameter assumptions to validate the analysis. It is revealed that the outcomes are consistent with previous findings. The numbers of engineering importance like skin friction and heat transfer rate are explained for practical relevance. The impacts of nanoparticle loading show interesting results. It is perceived that an escalating trend is noted in the nanoparticle temperature through thermal radiation and thermophoretic parameters.

Statistical analysis of radiative solar trough collectors for MHD Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid flow with gyrotactic microorganism: entropy generation optimization

PurposeA parabolic trough solar collector is an advanced concentrated solar power technology that significantly captures radiant energy. Solar power will help different sectors reach their energy needs in areas where traditional fuels are in use. This study aims to examine the sensitivity analysis for optimizing the heat transfer and entropy generation in the Jeffrey magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow under the influence of motile gyrotactic microorganisms with solar radiation in the parabolic trough solar collectors. The influences of viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating are also considered in this investigation.Design/methodology/approachGoverning partial differential equations are derived via boundary layer assumptions and nondimensionalized with the help of suitable similarity transformations. The resulting higher-order coupled ordinary differential equations are numerically investigated using the Runga-Kutta fourth-order numerical approach with the shooting technique in the computational MATLAB tool.FindingsThe numerical outcomes of influential parameters are presented graphically for velocity, temperature, entropy generation, Bejan number, drag coefficient and Nusselt number. It is observed that escalating the values of melting heat parameter and the Prandl number enhances the Nusselt number, while reverse effect is observed with an enhancement in the magnetic field parameter and bioconvection Lewis number. Increasing the magnetic field and bioconvection diffusion parameter improves the entropy and Bejan number.Originality/valueNanotechnology has captured the interest of researchers due to its engrossing performance and wide range of applications in heat transfer and solar energy storage. There are numerous advantages of hybrid nanofluids over traditional heat transfer fluids. In addition, the upswing suspension of the motile gyrotactic microorganisms improves the hybrid nanofluid stability, enhancing the performance of the solar collector. The use of solar energy reduces the industry’s dependency on fossil fuels.

Effects of Variable Viscosity in Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over Stretching/Shrinking Cylinder with Partial Slip and Stefan Blowing

In the manufacturing sector, transport phenomena near the stagnation region are frequent, particularly in the polymer and extrusion processes, which require continuous improvement to raise the process’s quality standards. The aim of this study is to explore the improvement of heat and mass transmission using unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow over a stretching/shrinking cylinder with variable viscosity and Stefan blowing. The governed equations of heat and mass transfer processes are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the appropriate transformations, and the resulting equations are then solved using the MATLAB package bvp4c. With an upsurge in the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the skin friction increases, but the reverse trend is detected with negative values for the unsteadiness constraint. The use of 2D graphs to show how important parameters affect the velocity, temperature, and concentration is thoroughly discussed. There is a discussion of the quantitative findings from the wall shear factor and the heat and mass transfer rates calculated for the stretching/shrinking cases.

Influence of magnetic field on MHD mixed convection in lid-driven cavity with heated wavy bottom surface

This study investigates the influence of a rectangular heat source on magnetohydrodynamic hybrid convection flow in a lid-driven cavity. The effects of various parameters, such as the heat source size, magnetic field strength, and heat absorption/generation, are analyzed. The results show that increasing the heat source size decreases the average Nusselt number along the heated wall. The average Nusselt number also decreases with higher magnetic field strength and heat generation, while it increases with heat absorption. The major finding is to apply an important technique the Galerkin weighted residual technique of the finite element (FE) method to solve the non-dimensional equations and the associated boundary conditions. The isotherms are used to show the temperature distribution in a domain. Streamline present the flow field in the enclosure. However, it is easy to realize the direction and intensity of the heat transfer particularly in convection problems which the path of heat flux is perpendicular and the isotherm due to convection effect. Thus, the purpose of this research is to study the results of mixed convection. The effects of location and height of the partitions are considered for the various Richardson numbers. Fluid flow field, thermal field and heat transfer are presented through the streamlines and isotherms, respectively. Results are substantiated relating to the published work.

Magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow through moving thin needle considering variable viscosity and thermal conductivity

In modern science and technology, industrial applications that deal with the problem of continuously moving thin needle, surrounded with fluid in sectors like hot rolling, crystal growing, heat extrusion, glass fiber drawing, etc., are rapidly increasing. Such processes involve high temperatures which may affect the fluid properties that is, viscosity and thermal conductivity. So, it’s crucial to understand temperature-dependent fluid properties. Focused on these assumptions, the main objective of the current research work is to investigate how temperature-dependent fluid properties might improve the heat transfer efficiency and performance evolution of hybrid nanofluid in the presence of transverse magnetic field over a moving thin needle. Variable Prandtl number is also introduced to observe flow fluctuation, the effect of adding nanoparticles, and enhancement in heat transmission. The results are obtained for different needle thicknesses, temperature-dependent viscosity, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, and heat generation. Moreover, Fe3O4/Graphene nanoparticles are considered to be dispersed in water. The governing partial differential equations of flow and heat transfer are transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using analysis of similarity conversion. Subsequently, the numerical solution of the problem is attained by employing the MAPLE software. The fourth-fifth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RFK45) approach is used by default in this MAPLE program to address the numerical problem of boundary value. The velocity and temperature field are pictured for different values of the parameters as well as physical quantities of interest such as skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer are visually depicted in graphs and tables. It is found that fluid motion and energy transport are highly regulated by the variation of magnetic field strength. As the volume fraction of Fe3O4 is increased, the heat generation, and thermal conductivity parameter vehemently enhance the temperature profile which leads to a rise in thermal boundary layer. A strong augmentation in the heat transfer rate has been found with the increment in the variable Prandtl number.