Pulsating magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow with thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and entropy generation: Application to bio-nanomedicine

Abstract

The aim of this investigation is to explore the flow phenomena in two distinct hybrid nanofluids (with micropolar fluid as the base fluid) undergoing hydromagnetic pulsation between two vertical walls, accompanied by entropy generation. This study also explores the unique heat transfer characteristics of F e 3 O 4 − Ti O 2 and A l 2 O 3 − MgO hybrid nanofluids, with the effects of Ohmic heating, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation. The goal of using hybrid nanofluids is to improve the performance of biological systems such as nano-drug delivery in arteries, magnetic bio-separation, artificial kidneys, pressure surges, magnetofection agents, biomedical engineering, cancer treatments, and brain tumor treatment. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically by a shooting technique with a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method using a bvp4c MATLAB solver. Graphical explanations are provided for the flow variables such as the velocity, the microrotation, the temperature, the entropy generation, and the Bejan number. The heat transfer rate is an increasing function of the thermal radiation parameter; when the thermal radiation parameter increases from 1 to 3 the increases in the heat transfer rates in micropolar fluid (the base fluid), first hybrid nanofluid ( F e 3 O 4 − Ti O 2 ), and second hybrid nanofluid ( A l 2 O 3 − MgO ) are respectively 55%, 51%, and 43.86%. However, while the heat transfer rate (the Nusselt number) is a diminishing function of the Hartmann number. Further, the outcomes reveal that the hybrid nanofluids with emerging physical effects are helpful to treat cancer patients, recovering the damaged tissues and cells in arteries, and various medical-related procedures.