Magnetohydrodynamic Fluid Flow Research Articles

A generalized magnetohydrodynamic two-phase free convection flow of dusty Casson fluid between parallel plates

This article aims to investigate the combined effects of the heat transfer and magnetic field on the electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic two-phase free convective flow of dusty Casson fluid between parallel plates. The flow is caused by buoyancy force with heat transfer due to free convection. Moreover, the left plate moves at uniform velocity while the right plate is stationary, and all dust particles with spherical forms are scattered evenly throughout the fluid. Mathematically, the flow is described as partial differential equations. A newly introduced fractional derivative, namely Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative, is used to generalize the given derived system of PDEs. The problem is solved using joint applications of finite sine Fourier and Laplace transforms. Exact solutions of velocity and temperature profile are obtained. Moreover, the impact of different parameters like a magnetic parameter, Grashof number, Dusty fluid parameter, Casson parameter, Peclet number, Reynold number, and particle's mass parameter on temperature, and dust particle and Casson fluid velocity have been discussed. The graphical results for Casson fluid, dusty fluid, and temperature profiles are plotted through Mathcad-15. The behavior of Casson fluid and dusty fluid is matching for different embedded parameters. Moreover, the Nusselt number and skin friction are also determined. It is shown in Table 1 that by increasing the value of the peclet number, the rate of heat transfer decreases. Furthermore, Table 2 shows that by increasing the magnetic parameter, the skin friction decreases. Graphical results conclude that fractional Casson fluid model described a more realistic aspect of the both (Fliud and dust particle) velocities profile, temperature profile, rate of heat transfer and skin friction than the classical Casson fluid model.

Numerical approach for enhanced mass transfer of Bio-convection on Magneto-hydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow through a nonlinear stretching surface

The present study deals with an investigation of steady two dimensional flow of Carreau fluid covering both the motile microorganism and nanoparticles through a nonlinear stretching surface. The idea of microorganisms is implied just to stabilize suspended nanoparticles by convection. The governing PDEs (partial differentiable equations) are transform set of nonlinear ODEs (ordinary differentiable equations) using suitable similarity transformation. The higher order nonlinear differential equation is solved by using Runge-Kutta-Felhberg method with shooting technique. The performance of fluid microorganism density, concentration, temperature, velocity in different values of physical parameters are scrutinized. Here the numerical results are presented through graphs and tables. Numerical values of skin friction, local Nusselt, Sherwood and local density numbers are analyzed. This study is relevant to navel microorganisms using few technologies combining with the Nano fluid with Bio-convection.

Thermophysical properties of the TiAl-2Cr-2Nb alloy in the liquid phase measured with an electromagnetic levitation device on board the International Space Station, ISS-EML

Abstract Thermophysical properties of the γ-TiAl alloy Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Ni in the liquid phase were investigated with a containerless electromagnetic processing device on board the International Space Station. Containerless processing is warranted by the high liquidus temperature T liq = 1 776 K and the high dissolution reactivity in the liquid phase. Thermophysical properties investigated include the surface tension and viscosity, density, specific heat capacity and the electrical resistivity. The experiments were supported by magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow calculations. The Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Ni alloy could be stably processed over extended times in the stable and undercooled liquid phase and exhibited an exceptional degree of undercooling before solidification. Experimental processes and thermophysical properties so obtained will be described. The experiments demonstrate the broad experimental capabilities of the electromagnetic processing facility on the International Space Station for thermophysical investigations in the liquid phase of metallic alloys not achievable by other methods.

Investigation of boundary stresses on MHD flow in a convergent/divergent channel: An analytical and numerical study

This study investigates the boundary stresses prescribed by the traction boundary condition on an incompressible magnetohydrodynamic Jeffery-Hamel flow of viscous fluid. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) by the transformation obtained from continuity equation. We have modeled traction boundary conditions to solve the problem. We have not imposed flow symmetry condition and applied prescribed flow rate condition. We have computed analytical and numerical solutions of the problem. We have developed modified Adomian decomposition method based on Daun-Rach Approach (DRA) for general nonlinear third order ODE subject to Robin’s and integral boundary conditions. The governing equation is solved using the developed scheme. The Mathematica routine, NDSolve, is used to obtain numerical solution by first approximating the constant flow rate condition by Gauss-Lobatto integration formula of four and five points as well as by trapezoidal rule. Analytical and numerical results are compared and found in good agreement. The slip and no-slip scenarios are observed both for inertial and non-inertial flows. The back flow occurs both for convergent and divergent channel geometries. Flow bifurcations and boundary layer get strengthened due to presence of boundary stresses. The symmetric and asymmetric natures of flow are also captured due to presence of boundary stresses.

Magnetohydrodynamic flow of viscous fluid and heat transfer analysis between permeable discs: Keller-box solution

In this study, we looked at a two-dimensional constant, laminar, and incompressible viscous flow between two porous discs in the presence of an external magnetic field. The proper similarity transformations simplify the complicated governing problem to nonlinear differential equations with suitable velocity slip and other boundary conditions. The Keller-box method, an efficient finite-difference approach, is used to get its solutions. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the effect of non-zero tangential slip velocity on velocity, temperature profiles, and shear stress for various relevant parameters. The data is then displayed in tables and graphs to examine velocity and temperature profiles for different flow parameters such as Reynolds number, Hartmann number, Prandtl number, and slip coefficient. In the absence of slip, the results were quite similar to previous findings.

Three-dimensional model of double diffusive magnetohydrodynamic Newtonian fluid flow

Three-dimensional model of double diffusive magnetohydrodynamic Newtonian fluid flow

Supervised Learning Algorithm to Study the Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of a Third Grade Fluid for the Analysis of Wire Coating.

In the present study, modeling of intelligent numerical computing through Levenberg–Marquardt back propagation-based supervised neural network (LMB-SNN) is incorporated to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic flow of a third grade fluid for wire coating analysis (MHD-TGFWCA). The original mathematical formulations in terms of partial differential equations for MHD-TGFWCA are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations through dimensionless parameters and a suitable transformation mechanism. A reference dataset for the LMB-SNNs scheme is created with Adam’s numerical technique for various scenarios by variation of different physical quantities such as third grade fluid parameter, magnetic parameter, and the velocity ratio parameter. To compute the approximate solution for MHD-TGFWCA in terms of various scenarios, the training, testing, and validation operations are carried out in parallel to adjust neural networks by developing the mean square error function (MSEF) through Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation. The comparative analyses and performance studies through outputs of MSEF, regression illustrations, and error histograms validate the effectiveness of the suggested solver LMB-SNNs. The method’s precision is verified by the closest numerical outputs of both built and dataset values with similar levels 10^{-5} to 10^{-9}.

Thermal and Entropy generation analysis of magnetohydrodynamic tangent hyperbolic slip flow towards a stretching sheet

This article examined the effects of boundary layer flow and heat transport of a two-dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamic tangent hyperbolic fluid under slip boundary conditions and variable thermal conductivity. The entropy generation model is also analysed for the said fluid. Non-similarity transformations transformed the governing equations of the fluid and entropy generation model into dimensionless form. Maple software is used to solve the transformed equations numerically. Effects of different dimensionless parameters on entropy generation rate, Bejan number, velocity and temperature fields are studied thoroughly through graphs. It is observed that for higher values of velocity slip parameter and power-law index, the entropy generation rate decreases while the Bejan number increases. Also, for the Hartmann number, Weissenberg number and Brinkman number, we found an increase in the entropy generation rate, and reverse behaviour is observed for the Bejan number. Nusselt number, temperature profile and Bejan’s number increase with an increase in variable thermal conductivity.

Exact solutions involving special functions for unsteady convective flow of magnetohydrodynamic second grade fluid with ramped conditions

A number of mathematical methods have been developed to determine the complex rheological behavior of fluid’s models. Such mathematical models are investigated using statistical, empirical, analytical, and iterative (numerical) methods. Due to this fact, this manuscript proposes an analytical analysis and comparison between Sumudu and Laplace transforms for the prediction of unsteady convective flow of magnetized second grade fluid. The mathematical model, say, unsteady convective flow of magnetized second grade fluid, is based on nonfractional approach consisting of ramped conditions. In order to investigate the heat transfer and velocity field profile, we invoked Sumudu and Laplace transforms for finding the hidden aspects of unsteady convective flow of magnetized second grade fluid. For the sake of the comparative analysis, the graphical illustration is depicted that reflects effective results for the first time in the open literature. In short, the obtained profiles of temperature and velocity fields with Laplace and Sumudu transforms are in good agreement on the basis of numerical simulations.

Radiation effect on magnetohydrodynamic flow with induced magnetic field and Newtonian heating/cooling: an analytic approach

The aim of the present analysis concerns the magnetohydrodynamic flow of fluid which is natural convective and electrically charged through two vertical insulated walls. Influences of radiative heat flux, induced magnetic field, and the Newtonian heating/cooling are taken. We found exact expressions for the temperature field, the velocity field, and the induced magnetic field by solving the set of dimensionless coupled governing equations. Further, we obtained the equations for induced current density, Nusselt number, skin frictions as well as mass flux. The influences of the several constraints like the magnetic, the radiation and the Newtonian heating/cooling on the profiles of the velocity, the temperature field, the induced magnetic field as well as the current density display with graphics. Moreover, the influence of these non-dimensional parameters on the skin frictions, the Nusselt number, and the mass flux is explored in tabular form. The outcome of the radiation raised the velocity, the temperature field, the induced magnetic field and the current density field in view of enhancing the thickness of the boundary layer. Also, the impact of Newtonian heating is to raise the velocity, temperature, induced magnetic field and induced current density, whereas all these fields have opposite behaviors in case of Newtonian cooling.

Analytical Simulation for Magnetohydrodynamic Maxwell Fluid Flow Past an Exponentially Stretching Surface with First-Order Velocity Slip Condition

The study of fluid flow upon an exponentially stretching surface has significant importance due to its applications in technological phenomena at the industrial level. These applications include condensing process of fluid film, heat exchanger processes, extrusion of plastic sheet in aerodynamics, cooling process of metal sheet, and growth of crystals, etc. Keeping in view all these applications, in this paper, we have discussed the magnetohydrodynamic flow of Maxwell fluid past an exponentially stretching sheet. The stretching surface is considered to be slippery by imposing the velocity slip condition. The magnetic field impact is taken into consideration. Furthermore, heat radiation, Joule heating, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis are also considered. The modeled system is reduced to ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity variables. For the analytical solution, we have used the homotopy analysis method. Furthermore, HAM is compared with the shooting method and found to be in great agreement. The squared residual error of the fluid flow problem at 15th order of approximations for Newtonian and non-Newtonian cases has been investigated. It is found that the fluid flow problem converges quickly for the case of non-Newtonian fluid as compared to Newtonian fluid. In addition, the velocity profile increases while the thermal and concentration profiles reduce with greater values of Darcy number. The thermal profile is the increasing function of the Brownian motion parameter and Eckert number whereas the concentration profile is the reducing function of the Brownian motion parameter and Eckert number. With the augmentation in Darcy number, the permeability strength of porous medium increases which concludes the increasing conduct of thermal and mass transportation.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Third Grade Fluid Flow with Variable Properties

This article aims to computationally study entropy generation in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) third grade fluid flow in a horizontal channel with impermeable walls. The fluids viscosity and thermal conductivity are assumed to be dependent on temperature. The flow is driven by an applied uniform axial pressure gradient between infinite parallel plates and is considered to be incompressible, steady and fully developed. Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is used to obtain series solutions of the nonlinear governing equations. Thermodynamic analysis is done by computing the entropy generation rate and the irreversibility ratio (Bejan number). The effects of the various pertinent embedded parameters on the velocity field, temperature field, entropy generation rate and Bejan number are analysed through vivid graphical manipulations. The analysis shows that an appropriate combination of thermophysical parameters efficiently achieves entropy generation minimization in the thermomechanical system. The analysis shows that entropy generation minimization is achieved by increasing the magnetic field and the third grade material parameters, and therefore designs and processes incorporating MHD third grade fluid flow systems are far more likely to give optimum and efficient performance.

Suction and injection effect on magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow within a vertical annulus for electrical wire cooling

In this article, natural convection of MHD fluid flow within a vertical annulus is investigated in existence of radial magnetic field and heat generation or absorption. As an innovation effect of suction and injection has been considered in the velocity and temperature equations. governing equations are solved by Akbari-Ganji's analytical method (AGM) and results are compared with numerical method (Runge-Kutta 4th) and LSM method (least square method) for purpose of showing the accuracy of AGM. Studies were performed for various parameters such as: suction and injection parameter (S), heat generation or absorption (H) and Hartmann number (M) under two boundary conditions isothermal and constant heat flux. Results indicate that with increasing heat generation velocity, temperature and mass flow rate in both boundary conditions are increase while opposite trend are observed for increasing heat absorption. velocity of fluid decreases when Hartmann number increase. Also, it is explained that Nusselt number increases with suction and heat absorption parameters and decreases with injection and heat generation parameters. Phenomenon and parameters studied in this work can give a good insight for cooling electronic equipment such as wire cooling.

Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamics Stagnation-Point Flow of Fractional Oldroyd-B Fluid Over a Stretching Sheet With Modified Fractional Fourier's Law

AbstractThe aim of the article is to research the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic stagnation-point flow of fractional Oldroyd-B fluid over a stretched sheet. According to the distribution characteristics of pressure and magnetic field near the stagnation point, the momentum equation based on a fractional Oldroyd-B constitutive model is derived. Moreover, the modified fractional Fourier's law considering thermal relaxation-retardation time is proposed, which applies in both the energy equation and the boundary condition of convective heat transfer. A new finite difference scheme combined with the L1 algorithm is established to solve the governing equations, whose convergence is confirmed by constructing an exact solution. The results indicate that the larger relaxation parameters of velocity block the flow, yet the retardation parameters of velocity show the opposite trend. It is particularly worth mentioning that all the temperature profiles first go up slightly to a maximal value and then descend markedly, which presents the thermal retardation characteristic of Oldroyd-B fluid. Additionally, under the effects of temperature's retardation and relaxation parameters, the intersection of the profiles far away from stretching sheet demonstrates the thermal memory characteristic.

Cattaneo–Christov theory for a time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic Maxwell fluid flow through a stretching cylinder

This research work explores the thermal and mass transport phenomena for a time-dependent Maxwell fluid flow in the presence of Cattaneo–Christov concept. The Maxwell fluid flow is analyzed through a stretching cylinder and sheet. Brownian motion, non-uniform heat source/sink, thermophoresis, and variable thermal conductivity are operated in this study. A theoretical analysis of the modeled system of equations is explored with the help of HAM. Impacts of fixed constraints on velocity, thermal, and concentration functions are offered graphically. It is concluded that the velocity profile heightens quickly for Newtonian fluid equated to non-Newtonian fluid (Maxwell) via curvature parameter while the temperature and concentration distributions increase quickly for non-Newtonian fluid as equated to the Newtonian fluid via curvature parameter. The presence of Maxwell and magnetic parameters increases the size of the trapping bolus.

Comment on the paper “A new analytical approach for the research of thin‐film flow of magneto hydrodynamic fluid in the presence of thermal conductivity and variable viscosity, Liaqat Ali, Asifa Tassaddiq, Rohail Ali, Saeed Islam, Taza Gul, Poom Kumam, Safyan Mukhtar, Noor Saeed Khan, Phatiphat Thounthong, ZAMM, 2021;101:E201900292”

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Chemically reacting magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) fluid flow through a porous medium

This paper considered and investigated the effects of chemically reacting Fluid flow through a porous medium in a Magnetic field as a magneto-hydrodynamics fluid flow through a porous medium. We developed a mathematical model for the flow and using perturbation method, the modeled partial differential equations were reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations and solved. The geometry of the problem was considered where the x-axis is taken in the vertical direction along the plate while y-axis is normal to the plate so that all the characteristics of the fluid are independent of the variable x. The impact of Chemical reaction, Magnetic intensity, Prandt number, schmidt number, porosity and thus permeability of the physical parameters were investigated on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. More so, the impacts of the same parameters were investigated on the skin-friction, Nuselt number, and Sherwood number. The results showed that growing magnetic intensity leads to decrease in velocity and skin-friction of the flow field at every point, increase in chemical reaction and Schmidt number leads to decrease in temperature and concentration at every point of the flow field. An increase in Prandtl number, Magnetic intensity, and Permeability shows no effect on concentration profile at every point of the flow field.

Heat Transfer in a Magnetohydrodynamic Boundary Layer Flow of a Non-Newtonian Casson Fluid Over an Exponentially Stretching Magnetized Surface

In this current paper, an investigation has been conducted on the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian Casson fluids on magnetized sheet with an exponentially stretching sheet. The similarity approach has been used to transform the governing models for Casson fluid to ordinary differential equations. We presented numerical results for momentum, energy and concentration equation parameters. Effects of the magnetized sheet and varying all the emerged parameters on the flow of Casson fluid with respect to the friction between the fluid and the surface, temperature and concentration are presented in tables. As a result of the induced magnetization of the sheet, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer has been enhanced. This behaviour brings a considerable reduction to the heat transfer. The induced magnetized sheet has a similar influence on the skin friction, Nusselt number and the Sherwood number. We however proposed incorporation of magnetized surfaces in MHD flows for controlling the flow rate of the fluid and heat transfer characteristics.

Unsteady magnetohydrodynamics nano fluid flows past a cut magnetic solid sphere when the mix convection included

The system of engine in a car is one of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) implementations. This system applies the basic concept of MHD, which is fluid motion that can conduct electric current because of a magnetic field. Several researchers therefore commenced to develop these ideas by observing the characteristics of the numerical simulation solutions. Because of the significance of this research, we are interested in assessing the effect of forced convection on MHD fluid flow, especially nano-fluids, when passing over a magnetic object. We therefore consider the MHD analysis of nano-fluids through sliced magnetic spheres that are induced by mixed convection problem using a mathematical model. This mathematical model is developed from the continuity equation, the momentum equation and the energy equation. The model is then elucidated numerically by means of the finite difference method with the Keller-Box scheme and MATLAB software. Furthermore, within numerical simulations investigated the effects of magnetic parameters (M), slice angle parameters (θs), and volume fraction of nano-fluid (X) towards fluid velocity and temperature. The numerical solutions express that when the magnetic parameter (M) rises, the velocity of the nano-fluid drops and the temperature of the nanofluid growths. When the cut angle parameter (θs) enlarges, the velocity of the nano-fluid enhances and the temperature of the nano-fluid lessens. When the volume fraction of nanofluid (X) expansions, the velocity of the nano-fluid falls and the temperature of the nanofluid rises.

On heated surface transport of heat bearing thermal radiation and MHD Cross flow with effects of nonuniform heat sink/source and buoyancy opposing/assisting flow

AbstractHeat transport subject to nonlinear thermal radiation has multiple applications in physics, industry, engineering field, and space technology, such as aerodynamic rockets, solar power technology, large open water reservoirs, and gas‐cooled nuclear reactors. This effort studies the magnetohydrodynamic flow of cross fluid, which is a type of non‐Newtonian, along a heated surface. Furthermore, the transportation of heat in the fluid is induced by thermal radiation. Furthermore, the behavior of opposing/assisting flow and impact of nonuniform heat sink/source is scrutinized. The reserved suitable transformations are carried out to shift the ruling equations into nondimensional class. Through reserved transformations, two nonlinear partial differential equations are altered into corresponding nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Then a scheme of integration referred to as Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg is imposed to get a numerical solution of these. The impact of parameters are mentioned concisely on temperature and velocity profiles in the absence and presence of a magnetic parameter. It is proved that the presence of a magnetic field steps up the velocity and temperature as well.