Maglev Technology Research Articles

Aerodynamic load analyses of less-emission HTS maglev train in evacuated tube transport system

An evacuated tube transport (ETT) system is proposed by combining evacuated tube technology and high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev technology in this paper. It can be predicted that this future transport mode can own the advantages of less emission, low noise, high efficiency, and suitable for high-speed or super-high-speed application. The train running at a high speed will inevitably cause complex aerodynamic load behaviors in an enclosed low-pressure tube. It further affects the real energy consumption and the fatigue life of the components. In order to explore how the aerodynamic load behaves in an ETT-HTS Maglev system, we established a three-dimension numerical calculation model based on ANSYS FLUENT software. The steady aerodynamic loads on the train’s surface and the tube’s inner surface are investigated under different pressures and different operation speeds. It is found that the aerodynamic load on the surface of the train and tube is significantly affected by the pressure inside the tube and the running speed of the train. The aerodynamic load fluctuations at the rear of the train are relatively more violent than those at the head. We also found that the impact of compression wave and expansion wave on aerodynamic loads at different positions of the tube is related to the size of the flow field space between the tube and the train. These results can provide some reference for the less-emission train body design and the whole ETT-HTS Maglev system structural strength in the near future.

An Analysis of the Requirements for a Sustainable Lunar Transportation System to Enable Initial DIANA Infrastructure

The Dedicated Infrastructure and Architecture for Near-Earth Astronautics (DIANA) is a design concept for a self-sustainable lunar village near the de Gerlache crater, on the lunar South Pole, comprising tourists and astronauts alike. The village will be permanently inhabited and will exploit future technologies to achieve independence from a majority of Earth resupply missions. Execution of the initial construction phase of the DIANA infrastructure depends primarily on the persistent supply of in-situ construction material, regolith. Lunar raw materials also primarily contribute to the life support systems (LSS) and the radiation protection for the inhabited modules. To enable ISRU, resources need to be transported using diverse locomotion systems on the unexplored lunar terrain. A self-sustainable lunar base requires to be built on an ecosystem that facilitates continuous transportation of materials, humans (astronauts and tourists) and robotic systems. This paper focuses on a detailed comprehension of the design, feasibility, and economic requirements of a transportation ecosystem concept explicitly dedicated to the establishment and development of the DIANA lunar village. The mission objectives and top level requirements pertaining to the individual transportation systems will be derived from the detected necessities that are defined for alternative transportation technologies that efficiently provide large amounts of lunar raw material for the construction of lunar infrastructure as well as water ice from the de Gerlache Crater, which shall primarily contribute to the LSS and the production of rocket fuel. While transporting humans, factors such as time, comfort, and risk mitigation play a major role, and are therefore, discussed thoroughly within the framework of this study. Using this study as the principal foundation, a phase 0/A design study illustrating a novel transportation infrastructure concept based on magnetic levitation technology would be developed for efficient transportation of resources and people across the lunar surface. This transportation concept shall be sustainably manufactured using the abundant lunar resources to minimize costs and resupply missions in the long term to pave the way for an independent lunar village.

CARD5: Chronic In-vivo evaluation of the BiVACOR rotary total artificial heart

Purpose: The BiVACOR Total Artificial Heart (TAH) combines magnetic levitation and rotary blood pump technology to create a small, durable and physiologically compatible device capable of replacing the failing heart. Pulsatile outflow is achieved via cyclic changes in pump speed, while large clearance gaps and flow paths improve hemocompatibility. The TAH is designed for implantation in women and some children, yet powerful enough to support adult males undergoing exercise. In preparation for first-in-human trials, in-vivo studies were undertaken using clinical-grade devices. Methods: The BiVACOR TAH was implanted into five calves (82 – 108 kg) for 30 days before elective termination. Hemodynamics, left-right balance, hemocompatibility, and end organ function were monitored throughout the study, while evidence of significant thromboembolism was evaluated at study termination via necropsy. Results: All five calves regained all physiological function (eating, drinking, defecating, standing, and regular treadmill exercise). The TAH demonstrated reliable operation, provided suitable hemodynamics (MAP 111 ± 6 mmHg, CVP 12 ± 5 mmHg, est.QL 12 ± 1 l/min) with pulsatile outflow (up to 40 mmHg @ 60BPM) and acceptable left/right balance (est.LAP-CVP 7.6 ± 3 mmHg). Normal end organ function was maintained (CREA 1 ± 0.44 mg/dL) with excellent hemocompatibility (pfHb 4.34 ± 0.74 mg/dL, LDH 1110 ± 182 U/L), while showing no evidence of significant device related thrombi or end organ dysfunction at necropsy. Summary: The BiVACOR TAH demonstrated promising chronic physiological performance, hemocompatibility, and physiological interaction. These results underpin progression of the BiVACOR TAH to first-in-human studies. The work was supported by NIH NHLBI under award number R44HL137454.

Lateral Dynamic Performance of High-Temperature Superconducting Pinning Maglev Vehicle Driven by Electrodynamic Wheel at Medium and Low Speed

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning maglev has the advantages of self-stationarity, low noise and resistance. This technology can be applied in urban rail transit, such as straddle-type monorail vehicles. Due to the limited space for placing the drive device above the track, electrodynamic wheel (EDW) drive can be applied effectively utilizing the ample space on both sides of the track, realizing contactless drive. In this paper, the lateral dynamic performance of an HTS pinning maglev vehicle driven by EDW is analyzed. Initially, 2-D transient simulations under various rotational speeds of the EDW are conducted. The influence of different working air gaps on the device's normal force and propulsion force is analyzed. Subsequently, a dynamic model of HTS pinning maglev vehicle with EDW is established. EDW's influence on the lateral dynamic performance of HTS pinning maglev vehicle is analyzed, and the lateral dynamic performance of the vehicle at various speeds is simulated. The results show that the HTS pinning maglev vehicle driven by EDW has good lateral dynamic performance in the low and medium speed range, and EDW can effectively improve the lateral stationarity of HTS pinning maglev vehicle. This study can provide a new driving mode for HTS pinning maglev vehicle and reference for improving and optimizing the existing medium and low speed straddle-type monorail vehicles with HTS maglev technology.

A novel magnetic circuit and structure for magnetic levitation ruler

The single axis linear displacement measurement system of CMM is composed of grating ruler, servo motor and linear motion mechanism. Although the measuring accuracy of grating ruler is high, the accuracy of servo motor and linear motion mechanism is low. Therefore, the complex structure limits the measurement accuracy of the linear displacement measurement system. This paper introduces a novel linear displacement measurement system named magnetic levitation ruler. According to the working principle of grating ruler and the characteristics of magnetic levitation technology, the magnetic circuit design and structural design of magnetic levitation ruler are completed in this paper. The mover core of the magnetic levitation ruler is in the stable working magnetic field provided by the stator yoke. The horizontal control coil wound on the mover core can obtain more stable ampere force to improve the control accuracy of the mover core displacement. Therefore, the mover core can be moved in step mode, and the length of each step is fixed. Each step is the minimum scale of the magnetic levitation ruler. Therefore, the mover core can implement displacement measurement while moving in a linear motion. This paper analyzes the working principle of levitation, horizontal motion, and displacement measurement of magnetic levitation ruler, and determines the structural materials and parameters of magnetic levitation ruler with the help of finite element analysis software. The simulation results show that the levitation force of the magnetic levitation ruler is proportional to the current passing through the levitation coils, and the thrust of the horizontal control coil is less disturbed by the magnetic field. Compared with the linear displacement measurement system with rotational servo motor or permanent magnet synchronous linear motor as the core, the magnetic levitation ruler has stable magnetic field, strong controllability, high integration, and is easier to achieve high-precision control.

Design of a Noncontact Torsion Testing Device Using Magnetic Levitation Mechanism

To facilitate torsion testing in special environments, a noncontact torsion testing device, where a noncontact torque can be transmitted to a specimen, was developed using magnetic levitation technology. A permanent magnetic gear is used to produce noncontact torque. In addition, four electromagnets and four attractive-type permanent magnetic bearings were employed to realize levitation; in more detail, the four electromagnets actively stabilized two levitation degrees of freedom (DoFs), while the four attractive-type permanent magnetic bearings passively stabilized four DoFs. Furthermore, a plant model considering the effect caused by the four attractive-type permanent magnetic bearings was built for the two levitation DoFs requiring active control. Based on the plant model, two PD-controllers were designed. Moreover, a control simulation was conducted to obtain appropriate PD-gains. Finally, experiments further validated the feasibility of the whole scheme, and it was proven that the device can apply a 0.126 N·m torque to the specimen while maintaining levitation.

A Magnetic Levitation System for Range/Sensitivity-Tunable Measurement of Density.

Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a promising density-based analytical technique with numerous applications. Several MagLev structures with different levels of sensitivity and range have been studied. However, these MagLev structures can seldom satisfy the different performance requirements simultaneously, such as high sensitivity, wide measurement range, and easy operation, which have prevented them from being widely used. In this work, a tunable MagLev system was developed. It is confirmed by numerical simulation and experiments that this system possesses a high resolution down to 10-7 g/cm3 or even higher compared to the existing systems. Meanwhile, the resolution and range of this tunable system can be adjusted to meet different requirements of measurement. More importantly, this system can be operated simply and conveniently. This bundle of characteristics demonstrates that the novel tunable MagLev system could be handily applied in various density-based analyses on demand, which would greatly expand the ability of MagLev technology.

Effect of partitioning YBaCuO bulk on the levitation force in Halbach external field

When a YBaCuO bulk superconductor (SC) is subdivided, its levitation force may not be significantly reduced after this partitioning process. The force will decrease even less if the sectional surface introduced by partitioning is parallel to the induced current loop. Moreover, the levitation force can be maintained because the partitioning makes the SC more magnetizable. These findings have implications for longitudinal maglev technology. A method for calculating levitation forces in nonuniform fields based on critical-state theory is proposed. In this method, an SC is divided into several regions where the external field is approximately uniform within each subvolume. To minimize the force degradation introduced by partitioning, the cutting surfaces should be parallel to the induced current. This approximate approach can effectively reproduce the experiment and improve the calculation accuracy. Another application of combining and recovering discrete SCs is demonstrated, and it is shown that a recombined SC according to the small-loss partitioning condition can achieve 68% of the levitation capacity of an intact sample. In addition, the invisible cracks inside the bulk sample can be predicted by comparing its levitation force with that of the intact sample.

Clinical effect of magnetic compression anastomosis on ureterostenosis after kidney transplantation.

Clinical effect of magnetic compression anastomosis on ureterostenosis after kidney transplantation.

(608) Could the Full Maglev Technology be the Next Option for Pediatric Patients?

(608) Could the Full Maglev Technology be the Next Option for Pediatric Patients?

Robust-PID controller design for magnetic levitation system using parameter space approach

Recently, implementation of air magnetic suspension systems has become more challenging due to the growing demand for lightweight technologies, comfortable cabins, vehicle safety stability, and pollution control. Magnetic levitation, or Maglev, is the method of propelling a target into the air by adjusting different magnetic forces. The absence of contact and the avoidance of wear and friction phenomena are key considerations in the applications of magnetic levitation technology. Due to the high nonlinearity in the modelling process of such kind of systems, the stabilizing of magnetic levitation has been considered as a challenging task for many researchers in control engineering sector. The computation of all stabilizing PID gains controllers for the magnetic levitation benchmark ED-4810 (Maglev) is demonstrated in this paper using two different scenarios. In the first one, the tuning parameters of the classical PID controller (KP, KI, and KD) are assumed to be the uncertain parameters. The second scenario demonstrates the uncertainty in the transfer function of the system by using the resistance and the inductance as uncertain parameters. The characteristic polynomial of the linearized uncertain model is shown to be an unstable affine polynomial using the Zero Exclusion Theorem and the singular frequencies technique. The parameter space approach is used to illustrate the values of all PID parameters in order to achieve robust stability in the two scenarios. The effectiveness of the presented graphical technique has been verified through MATLAB simulation to obtain robust stability for magnetic levitation systems.

Proposals for the creation of high-speed transport highways in the Arctic zone: constructions and technologies

Aim: development of a high-speed transport highway in the Arctic zone, built on the widespread use of electric transport.
 Materials and Methods: the trestle structures are designed for combinations of operating loads, forces and impacts, including consideration of dynamic aspects and nonlinearity, using the SCAD Office software package.
 Results: according to preliminary technical and economic indicators, the duration of cargo delivery along the Arctic Expressway to the Bering Strait is reduced by 5.5 times compared to the Northern Sea Route (NSR), and passengers by almost 30 times, but at the same time the length of the projected expressway is almost 1.6 times higher due to the need to bypass high coastal mountain ranges.
 Conclusion: when designing a global land transport network, these studies confirm the possibility of using Evacuated Tube Transportation and Maglev technologies for the Arctic High-speed Transport Highway. In further studies, underwater pipelines will be considered, which will have long straight sections with a length of more than 1000 km, bypassing coastal mountain ranges and minimizing the number of transport hubs.

PID Control of Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) System

Magnetic levitation is a process of drifting or shifting an object with a certain reference, by creating a repulsive force from the gravity of an object caused by an electromagnetic field without noise. In modern times like today, with the density of community activities, especially those living in urban areas, it is necessary to be able to carry out activities efficiently as well as quickly. Therefore, the reason for many people to be able to find an innovative solution to make it easier for humans to carry out their activities. One of the innovations that can be a solution to the limited space and time is in the development of magnetic levitation technology. The system that will be used in controlling this maglev is to use a PID controller. Using this PID control will be tested with several , , and values with a setpoint of 950. At the initial tunning with the values =2, =0.01, and =2. Then in the second test using the values =3, =0.1, and =0.3. Software testing is also carried out using matlab. The exact PID value for controlling an elevated object can be found by changing the value of the , , and values that can be searched through a matlab software in the PID tunner feature, which can then be seen the PID tunning results by analyzing the graph that will be displayed by the PID tunner.

Design of a Compact Planar Magnetic Levitation System with Wrench–Current Decoupling Enhancement

Magnetic levitation technology has promising applications in modern manufacturing, especially for fine-motion stage and long-range omnidirectional planar motors. This paper presents the development of a compact planar maglev prototype with the potential to achieve both applications to increase flexibility for the manufacturing system. The planar stator is designed by using optimized square coils arranged in the zigzag configuration, which provides a better uniform magnetic flux density compared with another configuration. The stator is a compact and portable module with built-in current amplifier units. The single-disc magnet mover is deployed with five controllable degrees of freedom. The cross-coupling effect is decoupled by a precomputed Lorentz force based wrench—current transformation matrix stored in the lookup table. A 2-D linear interpolation is implemented to enhance decoupling effectiveness which is offered via discrete lookup data. Experiments with motion-tracking cameras and a basic controller demonstrate the results of fine step motion of 10 and 20 µm and rotation steps of 0.5 and 1.0 mrad. The potential for multidirectional material handling is represented by a total horizontal translation range of 20 mm by 20 mm with a maximum air gap of 26 mm and a total rotation range of 20 degrees for both roll and pitch.

State of Art and Future Development of Magnetic Levitation Technology

Nowadays, with the development of the times, maglev technology is becoming more and more mature. The author of this paper focuses on the development and technology of maglev trains, introduces the development process of maglev trains in China, Japan, Germany and other countries, and describes the similarities and differences in the technology of maglev trains in each country. In the following, three types of maglev technologies are illustrated: electromagnetic levitation, electric levitation, and high-temperature superconducting maglev. The three technologies have a certain intersection in principle and use the magnetic force between the track and the train to levy. At the same time, the author introduces the different applications of each technology. In the latter part of the article, the author briefly introduced another application of magnetic suspension - magnetic suspension bearing and described its application in many fields. In the end, the author puts forward the existing problems of maglev trains and the necessity of solving them according to his point of view.

Adaptive sliding mode control of a magnetic levitation three-point bending device

This paper presents a non-contact three-point bending device based on magnetic levitation technology, in which a specimen can be bent while being levitated. As the levitated object needs to withstand an increasing bending load in levitated state, this requires the control system to have a strong robustness. Therefore, a centralized sliding mode controller (CSMC) was proposed for the levitation. Furthermore, based on CSMC, an adaptive centralized sliding mode controller with the bending load as scheduling variable (ACSMC), which is the novelty of this paper, were proposed to deal with the disturbance caused by the bending load. Simulation results demonstrated that ACSMC has good robustness to three typical bending loads, i.e., ramp load, sine load, step load. Finally, experiments were conducted and experiment results demonstrated that ACSMC allows the device to withstand ramp bending load, sine bending load and step bending load up to 50 N.

Racing Towards a Faster Tomorrow

There's a technology revolution happening that will transform the speed at which we will travel. E&T looks at five ways you could get there faster in the future. Hyperloop- a system based on tracked tubes and terminals, with pods moving free from air resistance by magnetic propulsion, theoretically transport people and goods at a speed of 700mph. Boom Overture - a supersonic transport airliner that will be built from composite materials, powered by non-afterburning turbo fans, and run entirely on sustainable aviation fuel. Electric vehicles- companies like Tesla develop vehicles such as the Model S, capable of getting from 0-60mph in 1.99 seconds and a top speed of 200mph. Circular runways- a revolutionary runway design that could save fuel costs, promote airport efficiency, save space and reduce taxi time. Maglev- high-speed rail based on magnetic levitation technology.

Magnetic Levitation Technology As An Object Floating Technique In Wooden Craft

Research and application of magnetic levitation have been expanded in electric motors, generators, radar monitoring systems, car-door central locks, and metal object towing devices. In the operation, the objects do not touch each other. The use of a magnet-based system that floats objects is called a levitation system. In earlier times, fine art had been comfortable with its structure. Consequently, it is not prepared to deal with electromagnetic technology systems. Magnetic levitation technology is the process of floating objects with a gravitational force that rejects or counteracts each other in a magnetic field. This research aims to provide innovations in applying magnetic levitation in designing fine artworks in Indonesia, mainly wooden crafts. The work was designed with eco-design methods. The magnetic levitation techniques have been widely applied in woodcraft art today. The process of floating objects in the air has the property of rejecting each other's components, while the use of permanent magnets sets the object's position stable. Wood material as an object medium is formed to resemble a flying bird stabilized by magnetic levitation techniques. This wooden crafts experiment featured objects spinning and hovering when exposed to the wind.

Dynamic guidance performance of HTS bulk under varying external magnetic field

With the unique flux pinning characteristics, high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk can stably levitate above the permanent magnet guideway (PMG). Moreover, owing to its advantages of environmental protection, frictionless and pollution-free, the HTS maglev has shown significant potential in high-speed rail transit. At present, HTS maglev technology is at a critical moment from laboratory research to engineering application. Among the numerous parameters related to its engineering application, the curve negotiation ability determined by the guidance performance of the HTS bulk superconductors is crucial to the safety and stability of its operation. Thus, in this paper, we experimentally investigated the dynamic guidance force of the HTS bulks under different operational conditions including different rotational speeds, maximum lateral displacement (MLD), field cooling height (FCH), and working height (WH) based on a customized HTS maglev dynamic measurement system (SCML-03). In addition, the dynamic guidance force of HTS bulk under long-time operation was studied. It is concluded that FCH, WH, and MLD are intimately associated with the dynamic guidance performance of the HTS bulk, while the rotational speed of the circular PMG has little influence on it. Namely, to improve the dynamic guidance performance of the HTS bulk, reducing the FCH and increasing the WH properly can be regarded as an effective method. Eventually, this research also verifies the long-term lateral stability of the HTS maglev system during dynamic operation.

Combined System of Synchronized Simultaneous Control of Magnetic Plane Movement and Suspension

Purpose. The purpose of this work is the formation of conceptual approaches to the construction of an effective integrated system of simultaneous synchronized control of the movement and suspension of a maglev vehicle – a magnetoplane. Methodology. The paper uses a technique for simultaneous control of the movement and suspension of a maglev vehicle with the mutually coordinated application of both levitation methods, electromagnetic and electrodynamic, through individual control of the energy supply of each track coil. Findings. The conceptual control principles of a traction-levitation system in a hybrid mode of its operation are substantiated. The interaction of a track structure with a vehicle on an electrodynamic suspension with a linear drive is disclosed and the features of the implementation of the power unit are highlighted. Originality. It is shown that a significant improvement in maglev technology can be achieved due to the mutually coordinated combination of electromagnetic and electrodynamic methods of magnetic levitation and the use of a fundamentally different architecture for constructing a MAGLEV track. It is constructed not from long sections with three-phase power windings, but from discrete ones, they are also linear engine traction coils, and a component (load) of a solar track power plant located along the overpass. The power plant includes a photovoltaic module (solar battery) that converts solar energy into electricity, a storage device and an inverter. This construction makes possible independent supply of each travel coil and its autonomous control with the ability to switch to traction or levitation mode. The control concept is that each track coil can participate both in the creation of a static suspension due to the interaction of the magnetic field of the onboard superconducting magnet and the magnetic field of the track coils when a certain amount of direct current is applied to them, as well as the dynamic suspension provided during the train movement as a result of the interaction of the magnetic field of the onboard superconducting magnet and the magnetic fields created in the track coils by currents induced in them when the magnetic fields of the onboard superconducting magnet intersect. Practical value. The results are of practical value, as the use of such complex control system of the suspension and the magnetic plane movement will significantly improve the quality of MAGLEV technology, increase the efficiency and reliability of high-speed land transport based on electrodynamics levitation using superconducting magnets.