Magnetic Behavior Research Articles

Exploring different dopant materials in conjunction with iron oxide and analyzing their characterization and magnetic properties

The comparative studies of pure and different doping materials of α-XFe2O3 (X = Co, Mn, Ni and Zn) nanoparticles in Structural, Morphological, Optical, and magnetic behavior were analyzed in this article. The synthesis of α-XFe2O3 nanoparticles through the Sol-gel method for magnetic properties with various doping materials such as Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn. The structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties were carefully examined, revealing enhanced characteristics. XRD studies confirmed the successful incorporation of dopants into the crystal structure of α-Fe2O3, while Morphological analysis through SEM images indicated superparamagnetic properties in Co and Zn doped samples, and ferrite behavior in Mn and Ni doped samples. UV Spectra analysis showed optical transitional changes related to magnetic behavior, and the dielectric effect was attributed to the presence of multiple domains within the sample. The study effectively demonstrated the unique magnetic properties of pure and α-XFe2O3 nanoparticles, highlighting the importance of different doping materials in influencing their characteristics.

Emergence of Novel Magnetic States in a Spherical Structure with Mixed Spins σ=5/2 and S=2: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

This paper employs Monte Carlo simulations to comprehensively explore the magnetic properties of a spherical nanostructure composed of mixed σ=5/2 and S=2 spins. By systematically varying the proportion (p %) of σ or S spins within the sphere, we investigate the system magnetic behavior, including magnetization, hysteresis loops, remanence, and coercive field. Our findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms governing the magnetic behavior of this spherical structure, potentially contributing to advancements in fields ranging from data storage to biomedical devices.

Influence of Mo dopants on the vibrational, emission, dielectric, electrical, and magnetic properties of combustion synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanostructures for optoelectronic and spintronic applications

This report investigates the dielectric and magnetic behavior of Molybdenum (Mo)-incorporated ZnFe2O4 prepared via combustion route with different dopant concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt.%). XRD patterns reveal the cubic spinel structures with a slight increase in lattice constant while replacing Mo at Fe sites. Mo doped induced lattice constant increase from 8.444 to 8.469 Å coupled with a significant increase in density. Raman spectroscopy reveals a decrement in the peak broadening of the A1g mode at higher Mo concentrations, indicating longer phonon lifetimes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX analysis confirm the agglomerated pseudo-spherical structures with uniform elemental distribution over the surface. Further, the dielectric constant values exhibit a slightly decreasing trend with increasing frequency, and the mechanisms were discussed based on the intrinsic polarization due to the charge imbalance between Fe3+ and Fe2+ states. Further, the magnetic measurements confirm the soft magnetic behavior with saturation magnetization ranging from 13.72 to 14.61 emu/g and coercivity between 07 (Oe) to 44 (Oe). The overall findings demonstrate that Mo doping in ZnFe₂O₄ significantly modifies the dielectric and magnetic properties, making it a promising material for various technological applications.

Magnetocaloric effect, magnetotransport and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Pr(0.65-x)GdxSr0.35MnO3 (x ≤ 0.3) compounds

Polycrystalline Pr0.65-xGdxSr0.35MnO3 (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) manganites were prepared by conventional solid-state method. Structural analysis has revealed a change in structure with x = 0.2, from Rhombohedral (R-3c) to Orthorhombic (Pbnm) symmetry. Small oxygen deficiency was found in the samples. The electrical measurements revealed typical colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) behavior, with single metal–insulator peak at Tp for all investigated samples. The small polaron hopping (SPH) and variable-range hopping (VRH) models were used to describe the electrical conduction above Tp. Magnetic measurements show an increase in magnetization below the Curie temperature, TC. Values of Tc diminish with increasing Gd3+ content. Isothermal measurements around critical points suggest a possible interaction between the 4f-ions and Mn-sublattice The magnetic critical behavior analysis established the tri-critical mean-field model to be the governing model for the series. Large magnetic entropy change ΔSM at near room temperature (278 K) was exhibited by the x = 0.01 sample at 2.2 J/kgK in μ0ΔH = 1 T and 5.36 J/kgK in μ0ΔH = 4 T. The largest |ΔSM| value was shown by the x = 0.1 sample. The values of the relative cooling power (RCP) and the temperature-averaged entropy change (TEC) increased with substitution qualifying these compounds as magnetocaloric materials.

Abnormal Magnetic Phase Transition in Mixed-Phase (110)-Oriented FeRh Films on Al2O3 Substrates via the Anomalous Nernst Effect.

Iron rhodium (FeRh) undergoes a first-orderanti-ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition above its Curie temperature. By measuring the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) in (110)-oriented FeRh films on Al2O3 substrates, the ANE thermopower over a temperature range of 100-350 K is observed, with similar magnetic transport behaviors observed for in-plane magnetization (IM) and out-of-plane magnetization (PM) configurations. The temperature-dependent magnetization-magnetic field strength (M-H) curves revealed that the ANE voltage is proportional to the magnetization of the material, but additional features magnetic textures not shown in the M-H curves remained intractable. In particular, a sign reversal occurred for the ANE thermopower signal near zero field in the mixed-magnetic-phase films at low temperatures, which is attributed to the diamagnetic properties of the Al2O3 substrate. Finite element method simulations associated with the Heisenberg spin model and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation strongly supported the abnormal heat transport behavior from the Al2O3 substrate during the experimentally observed magnetic phase transition for the IM and PM configurations. The results demonstrate that FeRh films on an Al2O3 substrate exhibit unusual behavior compared to other ferromagnetic materials, indicating their potential for use in novel applications associated with practical spintronics device design, neuromorphic computing, and magnetic memory.

Analysis of Structural, Optical, Morphological and Magnetic Behaviour of Lead Nanoferrite by Two Different Methods

Sol gel and the hydrothermal approach are two distinct techniques that have been successfully used to synthesise lead nanoferrite (PbFe2O4). To determine which of the two approaches is superior, the features of the sample prepared by each have been examined. Vibration Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV-VIS Spectral investigations, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction, and Size, Band Gap Energies, Morphology, and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures were used to determine and compare its various aspects. The mean diameters of the synthesised lead ferrite nanocrystalline were found to be 33 nm for the sol gel method and 20 nm for the hydrothermal method, respectively, based on X-Ray Diffraction analysis using Debye-Scherer’s formula with the peak. FTIR spectra are used to analyse the vibration characteristics of nanomaterials. The optical characteristics of the synthesised nanomaterials, such as their Energy Band Gap, were determined using UV-VIS Spectral investigations. SEM is used for surface morphological investigations, allowing the structure of the synthesised nanomaterials to be studied. Using VSM, the magnetisation of the produced nanomaterials was examined, and the hysteresis loops were used to calculate the saturation magnetisation (Ms), coercivity (Hc), and retainivity (Mr).

First-principles investigation of electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of FeMnSb/GaZ (Z = As or P) interfaces

We systematically investigated the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of the FeMnSb half-Heusler alloy, its (001) surface, and its interfaces with GaAs and GaP semiconductors by using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The bulk FeMnSb reveals its half-metallic ferrimagnetism with 100% spin-polarization. Extending this study to the (001) surface, we uncover distinct electronic and magnetic behaviors for Fe- and MnSb-terminated surfaces, the MnSb-terminated surface preserving the half-metallicity observed in the bulk material. Our evaluation of the interfaces exhibits positive work of separation, indicating that these interfaces are energetically favorable. The density of states analysis reveals that all interfaces exhibit a metallic nature. High spin-polarization values, particularly 97.316% for the Fe-Ga interface, suggest a substantial degree of spin-polarized current. Notably, the absorption coefficient peaks shift from the ultraviolet (UV) region in the bulk alloy to the visible region at the (001) surfaces. However, at the FeMnSb/GaAs and FeMnSb/GaP interfaces, the highest absorption peaks revert to the UV region, highlighting strong interfacial coupling effects. These results suggest the tunability of FeMnSb optical properties via surface termination and interface engineering, making it a promising candidate for spintronic and optoelectronic applications.

B-site ordered and disordered phases in A-site columnar-ordered quadruple perovskites Nd2MnMn(Mn4−xSbx)O12

Solid solutions Nd2MnMn(Mn4−xSbx)O12, belonging to the A-site columnar-ordered quadruple perovskite subfamily A2A′A′′B4O12 and prepared by a high-pressure, high-temperature method at about 6 GPa and about 1700 K, were investigated in a compositional range of 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 2.0. Crystal structures were studied using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. Two regions with different cation orders in the B sublattice were found: a narrow region of 0.8 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 had a B-site disordered structure with space group P42/nmc (No. 137), and a wider region of 1.6 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 had a B-site rock-salt-ordered structure with space group P42/n (No. 86). Small anti-site disorder of Nd and Mn was detected among the A, A′, and A′′ sites. In the B-site rock-salt-ordered structures, one B site was solely occupied by Mn, the second B′ site had a mixture of Sb and Mn (for x < 2). The samples showed complex magnetic behavior with two ferrimagnetic transitions. TC1 monotonically increased (from 66 K to 75 K) and TC2 was almost constant (about 6–7 K) for 0.8 ≤ x ≤ 1.0. TC1 monotonically decreased (from 77 K to 63 K) and TC2 monotonically increased (from 19 K to 39 K) for 1.6 ≤ x ≤ 2.0. There was evidence for the third magnetic transition in the 1.7 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 samples, and TC3 increased from 13 K to 20 K with increasing x.

Infrequent trigonal crystal system CoNb thin films: investigation of growth behavior, microstructure and magnetic properties

Magnetic films with excellent initial permeability, high resonance frequency, suitable anisotropy fields, and well compatibility are highly desirable for on-chip inductors and transformers. Here, Co90Nb10 thin films with different thicknesses are grown on Si substrates of different orientations using an electron beam evaporation technique. A rare trigonal crystal structure of the CoNb films was observed and was virtually unaffected by substrate orientation. Films grown exhibit thickness-dependent magnetic behavior: coercivity initially decreases and then increases, while the in-plane anisotropy field progressively diminishes. Meanwhile, the initial permeability increases initially before decreasing, and the resonance frequency continuously decreases as the thickness increases. The resultant Co90Nb10/Si (111)-50 nm film displays a high μi of 496 and a great fr of 2.1GHz. The improved magnetic performance originates from the smaller crystallite size, smoother surface roughness, and suitable in-plane anisotropy field. Moreover, the in-plane anisotropy transition to the out-of-plane anisotropy in the Co90Nb10 films whose thickness exceeds 70nm, which is attributed to the growth of the coarse columnar grains once the critical thickness is exceeded. This study demonstrates the correlation between the growth behavior, microstructure, and magnetic properties of CoNb thin films, presenting a new potential for utilizing Co-based thin films in high-frequency applications.

Characteristics of NixCoxMgxCuxZn1-4xO nanomaterials: Their structural and magnetic properties and functional attributes

The current study evaluates the photocatalytic, structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic characteristics of the NixCoxMgxCuxZn1-4xO nanomaterials (x = 0.000–0.010). The NixCoxMgxCuxZn1-4xO nanomaterials were synthesized using the temperature-assisted co-precipitation technique. The characteristics of the NixCoxMgxCuxZn1-4xO nanomaterials were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD analysis revealed dopant incorporation into the ZnO crystal structure, affecting lattice parameters. Magnetic behavior transitioned from diamagnetic to a combination of diamagnetic and ferromagnetic with increasing dopant levels. The optical band gap decreased as dopant concentration increased. Notably, the nanomaterial with x = 0.001 exhibited optimal photocatalytic performance, degrading 98.9 % of Rhodamine B within 20 min under UV light. This nanomaterial also showed efficacy against Methyl Orange and Congo Red, with hydroxyl radicals playing a crucial role in pollutant removal. These findings provide the exceptional reusability and stability of the NixCoxMgxCuxZn1-4xO nanomaterials (x = 0.001)

Spectroscopic Detection and Theoretical Description of Spin‐Crossover Effect in Co(II)‐terpyridine System

Spin‐crossover (SCO) effect on octahedral Co(II) centers is much rarer and less known than in the case of Fe(II) complexes, although it is no less promising for the development of fundamental research, sophisticated memories, and sensors. The representative compound [Co(terpy)2]I2·2H2O (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine) was synthesized, and its physicochemical properties were studied both experimentally and theoretically. Magnetic experiments revealed a very gradual SCO between a low‐spin state (SCo(II)‐LS = 1/2) and a high‐spin state (SCo(II)‐HS = 3/2) for the pristine sample and an abrupt SCO with a narrow thermal hysteresis around 130 K for the desolvated sample. Moreover, temperature‐dependent vibrational and electronic spectroscopy were employed to track the evolution of spectroscopic features related to SCO and desolvation processes. Additionally, quantum chemical calculations were utilized to determine the electronic structure, molecular orbitals, and vibrations for different spin states at various temperatures, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the compound's spectroscopic and magnetic behaviors. These extensive investigations provide valuable insights into Co(II)‐based SCO materials and their theoretical underpinnings, paving the way for the application of their thermometric properties.

Controllable magnetic anisotropy in two-dimensional 1T-CrTe2 with electrides sublayer

Exploring the controlled magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) in two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets is an essential step towards the emergent magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with robust storage stability and low-power consumption. In addition to the transitional charge doping method, we propose that stacking 2D ferromagnet 1T-CrTe2 with electrides substrate can achieve not only the high interfacial charge transfer up to 5.24×1014 cm−2 and but also efficient modification of magnetic behaviors via interfacial engineering. Employing first-principles calculations, we show that the 1T-CrTe2/Ca2N(Y2C) heterostructures exhibit a significant reduction in MAE with a spin reorientation. Notably, the synergistic effect of internal charge transfer, external strain and charge doping shows a significant influence on the magnetic behaviors of the bilayer structures, enabling an efficient modulating of their MAE with distinct dependences. We elucidate that the underlying mechanism is the synergistic effect induced alteration of the spin-polarized px and py states on the Te atom located at the interfaces, which in turn changes the competitive spin-orbit coupling (SOC) contributions to the MAE. These findings provide a practical path toward the controllable MAE in 2D ferromagnets, and make the proposed heterostructures promising candidates for emergent spintronic devices.

Corn stalk decorated with magnetic graphene oxide as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from wastewater

In this study, an in situ immersion loading method is employed to introduce graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and hollow copper ferrite nanospheres into the ordered porous structure of alkali-activated corn stalk (CS). This approach facilitates the construction of a novel magnetic three-dimensional composite sponge (GO/CS/CuFe2O4) utilized for the efficient removal of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes from wastewater samples. In this hybrid adsorbent, the stacking of GO nanosheets is inhibited due to the ordered porous structure of CS, based on which GO nanosheets are well immobilized and dispersed. In addition, the hollow CuFe2O4 nanospheres and GO nanosheets support each other, further reducing the accumulation of GO, and increasing the specific surface area of the adsorbent. The engineered morphology of GO/CS/CuFe2O4 sponges supports the maximum exposure of the active adsorption sites to the dye solution, promoting the adsorption process. Microscopy and surface analyses show that GO/CS/CuFe2O4 sponges have a rich pore structure with the specific surface area of 289.85 m2·g−1, more than 17 times higher than that of CS, significantly improving their adsorption performance for MB and MG. The maximum adsorption capacity of GO/CS/CuFe2O4 for MB and MG is as high as 243.65 and 231.53 mg/g, respectively, superior to those of many other biomass-based adsorbents. The dye adsorption performance of GO/CS/CuFe2O4 can be well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting the existence of strong monolayer chemisorption. The FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses show that the dye removal mechanisms observed mainly includ π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions and pore filling. In addition, GO/CS/CuFe2O4 sponges exhibit an excellent magnetic behavior (Ms = 49.52 emu/g), enabling the adsorbent to be recycled by the application of a magnetic field. The adsorption capacities of the adsorbent for MB and MG remain 88.6 % and 90.2 % of the initial adsorption capacity, respectively, even after 10 regeneration cycles, showing its excellent reusability performance. Finally, GO/CS/CuFe2O4 is applied for the removal of MB and MG from real aqueous environments comprising the seawater, tap water and wastewater treatment plant effluent, and the removal rates are observed to be over 90 % of that achieved in deionized water. This study provides new concepts for the sustainable utilization of agricultural waste and natural structure of plants to purify dye containing wastewater.

Revisiting Rare Earth Permanent Magnetic Alloys of Nd-Fe-C

Nd-Fe-C alloys have been reported as hard magnetic materials with a potential higher coercivity than Nd-Fe-B alloys. However, it has been seldom studied since its intrinsic properties were investigated in the last century. Here, we revisited the structure, phase precipitation and magnetic properties of rapidly quenched ternary Nd-Fe-C alloys for further understanding their composition-microstructure-property relationships. The Nd10+xFe84−xC6 (x = −2, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5) alloys with various compositions were prepared by melt spinning. The results show that the hard magnetic Nd2Fe14C phase can be hardly formed in the as-spun alloys. Instead, the alloys are composed of soft magnetic α-Fe phase and planar anisotropic Nd2Fe17Cx phase. After annealing above 650 °C, the Nd2Fe14C phase is precipitated by the peritectoid reaction. All optimally annealed alloys contain Nd2Fe14C and Nd2Fe17Cx phases, while the presence and content of α-Fe phase are determined by the alloy composition. The crystallization degree of the as-spun alloys has an effect on their magnetic properties after annealing. After the annealing treatment, partly crystallized as-spun alloys exhibit better magnetic properties than the amorphous alloys. The intrinsic coercivity Hcj = 847 kA/m, remanence Jr = 0.69 T, and maximum energy product (BH)max = 64.3 kJ/m3 were obtained in the Nd14Fe80C6 alloy annealed at 725 °C. The formation of the Nd2Fe14C and Nd2Fe17Cx phases with the Nd2O3 phase precipitated at the triangular grain boundaries is responsible for its relatively good properties. Although the magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-C alloys obtained in this work are inferior to those of Nd-Fe-B, the present results help us to further understand the magnetic behavior of Nd-Fe-C alloys.

Modelling PM dipoles with longitudinal field gradient for SILA facility

Computational models are described which were built for parametric simulations of permanent magnet (PM) dipoles with a longitudinal field gradient. The dipoles will be used as bending magnets in the synchrotron facility SILA, a new project of the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”. The dipoles employ a Sm-Co permanent magnet material and pure iron. The need for high magnetic performance and anticipated interference between neighbouring components is a challenge for design and construction of the magnet system. For this reason the magnet designs must rely on precision 3D simulations. The dipoles are described in detail with parameterized models. Parametric simulations are to be applied at all stages of the project till the commissioning to provide realistic prediction of the magnet behaviour.

Investigating the effect of coating and synthesis parameters on La1-xSrxMnO3 based core-shell magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles are an important class of functional materials that have unique magnetic properties due to their reduced size (<100 nm) and have the potential for use in many fields. In the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles, factors such as intrinsic magnetic properties, surface coating, size and shape of the particles, surface charge and stability are very important. In this regard, carefully determining the synthesis parameters of magnetic nanoparticles and particle coating materials is of critical importance in the application area chosen for the material. In this study, La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.27, 0.30, 0.33) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles in core–shell structure (C@MNP) and their derivatives integrated into graphene oxide (GO-C@MNP) were synthesized and their properties were investigated in detail for their use in possible future application studies. The crystal structure of perovskite compounds with Pbnm symmetry remains unchanged after carbon coating but shrinks in volume due to its amorphous structure. The magnetic behavior of the uncoated and coated materials is almost identical, but the Curie temperature of the compounds shifts to a higher temperature. In the specific absorption ratio (SAR) measurements performed, it was found that the best SAR value for carbon-coated MNPs was 12.9 W/g at x = 0.27. By integrating the MNPs into graphene oxide, heat is easily distributed regionally, and this shows that the structures can be ideal candidates for applications such as hyperthermia, drug carriers, tissue repair, and cellular therapy including cell labeling and targeting.Perovskite-structured manganite materials were selected for their suitability in controlled production, where the Curie temperature can be tuned near the therapeutic temperature by adjusting the doping levels, making them ideal for magnetic hyperthermia applications. In this study, for the first time, the nanoparticle surfaces were coated with carbon, which was chosen not only due to carbon’s non-magnetic nature but also because it provides an ideal platform for future combined biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems.

Exploring novel magnetic behaviors in cobalt-doped magnetite synthesized by plasma arc discharge method

Magnetite, a naturally occurring iron oxide, has been widely studied due to its potential applications in various fields. Doping magnetite with foreign ions can significantly alter its structural and magnetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Co2+ ion doping on the structural and magnetic properties of magnetite. The work introduces cobalt-substituted iron ferrites synthesized using a novel plasma arc discharge (PAD) method and systematically explores how cobalt content affects magnetic properties, aiming to optimize the material for enhanced performance. A series of CoxFe1-xFe2O4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) ferrites with varying Co2+ concentrations (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) were synthesized using a PAD method. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Magnetic properties were evaluated through magnetic hysteresis loops and permeability spectra. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a nanostructured spinel-type oxide in all samples. FESEM images revealed ultra-fine particles with a homogeneous composition and narrow size distribution. The optimal combination of magnetic properties was achieved at a Co2+ concentration of x=0.1, which exhibited a high saturation magnetization, low coercivity, moderate effective anisotropy constant, and a relatively high magnetic permeability at 5 MHz. The results demonstrate that Co2+ ion doping can effectively tailor the structural and magnetic properties of magnetite. The optimized composition (x=0.1) offers promising potential for applications requiring a balance of high magnetization and low coercivity.

Leveraging anchoring ligands for efficient one-pot solvothermal synthesis of PDMS functionalized iron oxide polymer nanocomposites (PNC’s)

Producing substantial quantities of high purity, narrow size distribution, magnetic polymer nanocomposites (PNC’s) has been a challenge for the nanoparticle synthesis community. In this study, we introduce a novel one-pot solvothermal synthesis technique to produce a type of PNC known as a ferrofluid. By employing a polymer (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) modified with anchoring ligands as the surfactant, we eliminate the need for a post-synthesis ligand exchange, resulting in high yield and purity of the final product. This approach offers greater flexibility in polymer selection and simplifies the synthetic process. Electron microscopy, magnetic characterization, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis were employed to investigate particle size, crystallinity, magnetic behavior, and surface environment. Our findings suggest that this new synthetic technique could significantly advance the development of magnetic nanoparticle-based theranostics.

Exploring magnetic behavior and compensation temperatures in spherical and hemispherical lattices: A Monte Carlo study

The magnetic behavior of spherical and hemispherical lattices under various conditions was insufficiently understood prior to this study, particularly about the influence of ferrimagnetic coupling parameters, external magnetic and crystal fields on the compensation and blocking temperatures. In current study Monte Carlo simulations provide new insight into how these factors affect the magnetic properties of spherical and hemispherical lattices, revealing critical size-related effects and dependencies. This study offers key insights into the magnetic properties of spherical and hemispherical lattices, critical for advancing magnetic materials in future nanotechnologies. The ferrimagnetic system studied, hold promise for applications such as MRI, cancer therapy, and next-generation memories, enhancing nanoscale sensor precision and driving progress in data storage and device miniaturization.

The interplay between optoelectronic and magnetic properties in Co-doped Cu2ZnSnS4 for next-generation solar cell devices

Abstract A search for next-generation solar cell devices to massively actualize renewable energy is being exponentially conducted. It includes the development of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)-based solar cells, which are known as cost-effective and highly stable solar cell devices. In this present research, we develop a CZTS solar cell by adding a magnetic degree of freedom using cobalt (Co) doping. We find that the Co doping can induce modulation of the crystalline structure and bandgap of CZTS, which further influences its photovoltaic performance. The increase in the grain size of the CZTS with the addition of Co doping could further induce the reduction of detrimental grain boundaries, which benefits the photovoltaic performance of CZTS-based solar cells. Co doping also generates magnetic behavior in CZTS, which supports its magnetically controlled optoelectronic properties and thus, in turn, enhances the photovoltaic performance. We believe that this study could open up opportunities to obtain next-generation solar cell devices with excellent performances by using magnetic-field induction.