Abstract

The current study evaluates the photocatalytic, structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic characteristics of the NixCoxMgxCuxZn1-4xO nanomaterials (x = 0.000–0.010). The NixCoxMgxCuxZn1-4xO nanomaterials were synthesized using the temperature-assisted co-precipitation technique. The characteristics of the NixCoxMgxCuxZn1-4xO nanomaterials were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD analysis revealed dopant incorporation into the ZnO crystal structure, affecting lattice parameters. Magnetic behavior transitioned from diamagnetic to a combination of diamagnetic and ferromagnetic with increasing dopant levels. The optical band gap decreased as dopant concentration increased. Notably, the nanomaterial with x = 0.001 exhibited optimal photocatalytic performance, degrading 98.9 % of Rhodamine B within 20 min under UV light. This nanomaterial also showed efficacy against Methyl Orange and Congo Red, with hydroxyl radicals playing a crucial role in pollutant removal. These findings provide the exceptional reusability and stability of the NixCoxMgxCuxZn1-4xO nanomaterials (x = 0.001)

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