Magnetic Adsorbent Research Articles

One-pot fabrication of task specific magnetic adsorbent for the efficient isolation and capture of liquid-crystal monomers pollutants in waters prior to chromatographic quantification

BackgroundLiquid crystal monomers (LCMs) have been classified as emerging organic pollutants. Efficient isolation and extraction is a critical step in the determination, and then knowing the occurrence and distribution of LCMs in environmental waters. However, the reported sample preparation techniques still suffer some dilemmas such as using large amount of organic solvent, low extraction capacity, tedious operation procedure and employment of expensive extraction column. To circumvent the disadvantages, new extraction format and adsorbent with quickness, less consumption of organic solvent, superior extraction performance and low cost should be developed for the analysis of LCMs. ResultsUsing 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate and 9-vinylanthracene as mixed functional monomers, a task specific magnetic adsorbent (TSMA) was prepared by one-pot hydrothermal technique for the highly efficient capture of LCMs under magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) format. Due to the abundant functional groups, the developed TSMA/MSPE presented satisfactory capture performance towards LCMs. Satisfactory enrichment factors (132–212) and high adsorption capacity (18 mg/g) were obtained. Additionally, the relevant adsorption mechanism was studied by the combination of density functional theory calculation and experiments about adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm. Under the beneficial conditions, a sensitive and reliable method for the monitoring of studied LCMs in environmental waters was established by the combination of TSMA/MSPE with HPLC equipped with diode array detector (DAD). The achieved limits of detection and spiked recoveries were 0.0025–0.0061 μg/L and 81.0–112 %, respectively. Finally, the developed method was employed to monitor LCMs levels in the North Creek watershed of Jiulong River. Significance and noveltyThe current study provided a new adsorbent for quick and efficient capture of LCMs at trace levels. In addition, a sensitive, reliable and anti-intereference method for the monitoring of trace LCMs in actual waters was established. Moreover, for the first, the contents, occurrence and distribution of LCMs in North Creek watershed was investigated based on the developed method.

Sono-assisted Adsorption of Methyl Violet 2B Using a Magnetic Kaolin/TiO2/γ-Fe2O3 Nano Composite

In this study, the efficacy of sono-assisted adsorption for the removal of methyl violet 2B (MV-2B) was investigated. A magnetic adsorbent was synthesized using kaolin and TiO2, designated as KTF. Various analyses including scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were conducted to characterize the structure of KTF. The BET surface area and pore volume of KTF were determined to be 65.279 m2/g and 0.072 cm3/g, respectively. VSM analysis confirmed the superparamagnetic property of KTF. The effect of contact time, initial MV-2B concentration, KTF amount, temperature, ionic strength and initial pH of the solution on the sono-assisted adsorption of MV-2B was investigated. Sono-assisted removal of MV-2B was achieved at a rate of 85.6% under optimal conditions: original pH, KTF amount of 0.2 g/100 mL, initial MV-2B concentration of 20 mg/L, contact time of 15 min, and temperature of 22 °C. Conversely, lower removal efficiencies were observed with conventional adsorption methods employing shaking (37%) and stirring (60.5%). The kinetics of sono-assisted MV-2B removal followed a pseudo-second order model, while the Freundlich isotherm model exhibited a superior fit (R2 = 0.985) in describing the equilibrium behavior compared to Langmuir and Temkin models.

Magnetic heterogenization of supramolecular carbohydrates for the efficient adsorption of heavy metals removal from wastewater

BackgroundAs the high impact of heavy metals hazards for humans and the environment, providing a suitable method to remove heavy metals is of great importance. Recently, magnetic adsorbents have been developed for their ease of separation, high absorption efficiency, and cost-effectiveness has been expanding. On the other hand, hybridism adsorbents composed of a magnetic core and an organic branch amended with different functional groups such as –OH, –NH2, −SH, and –COOH have suitable potentials for heavy metal removals. MethodsIn this, a simple procedure for the preparation of β-cyclodextrin bonded Fe3O4@SiO2 (β-CD-SiO2@Fe3O4) was reported. The morphological, structural, and thermal stability characteristics were investigated by the XRD, SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and TGA-DTA techniques. Next, the potential of β-CD-SiO2@Fe3O4 in the absorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions from wastewaters was investigated. The effect of various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, Pb/Cd concentration, and the temperature was investigated on the absorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ heavy metal ions. Significant findingsThe maximum adsorption was achieved when pH = 6.5, heavy metal ion concentration (250 mg/L), and adsorbent dosage (0.075 g) at room temperature was used. The adsorption process could be described by kinetic models and the pseudo-second-order model was well-matched. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were obtained at 160 and 159.33 mg/g respectively. The negative value of ΔG indicates the spontaneity of the absorption process. The negative values of ΔH and ΔS show the exothermic nature of the absorption reaction.

Tailoring hydropathicity and charge characteristics in magnetizable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane adsorbent for improved gold capture

Amidst the rapid proliferation of electronic products, an urgent need arises for the efficient retrieval of gold from unconventional sources like electronic waste. This study introduces a straightforward approach for crafting a range of magnetic POSS adsorbents functionalized with monothioglycerol (Fe3O4@POSS-MTGx), demonstrating effective and selective Au(III) capture from aqueous solutions. The resulting Fe3O4@POSS-MTG3 showcases a mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 113.24 m2 g−1 and a pore size distribution of 4.9 nm. Batch adsorption experiments underscore the high adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@POSS-MTG3, reaching 363.57 mg g−1, alongside a rapid gold recovery rate (achieving 90.6 % of equilibrium adsorption capacity within 4 h). The impact of Fe3O4@POSS-MTG3 on the adsorption capacity of Au(III) under varying light conditions was further examined, revealing an adsorption capacity of 471.3 mg g−1 under white light and 618.49 mg g−1 under ultraviolet light. Leveraging strong sulfur coordination sites, the material showcased selectivity for Au(III) over coexisting ions (Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), K(I), Mn(II), Na(I), Ni(II), Zn(II)). These attributes, alongside outstanding regenerability and recyclability, underscore the promising potential of Fe3O4@POSS-MTGx in capturing and recovering Au(III), thus presenting a bright prospect for gold extraction from e-waste.

Novel Magnetic Adsorbents Based on Mesoporous KCC-1 for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Antibacterial Applications

Novel Magnetic Adsorbents Based on Mesoporous KCC-1 for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Antibacterial Applications

Surface Modifications of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Chitosan, Polyethylene Glycol, Polyvinyl Alcohol, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone as Methylene Blue Adsorbent Beads.

Due to the negative impacts the dye may have on aquatic habitats and human health, it is often found in industrial effluent and poses a threat to public health. Hence, to solve this problem, this study developed magnetic adsorbents that can remove synthetic dyes like methylene blue. The adsorbent, in the form of beads, consists of a polymer blend of chitosan, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (average size of 19.03 ± 4.25 nm). The adsorption and desorption of MB from beads were carried out at pH values of 7 and 3.85, respectively. At a concentration of 9 mg/L, the loading capacity and the loading amount of MB after 5 days peaked at 29.75 ± 1.53% and 297.48 ± 15.34 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the entrapment efficiency of MB reached 29.42 ± 2.19% at a concentration of 8 mg/L. The cumulative desorption capacity of the adsorbent after 13 days was at its maximum at 7.72 ± 0.5%. The adsorption and desorption kinetics were evaluated.

Fabrication of a magnetic functionalized chitosan hydrogel for effective extraction of aflatoxins from cereals

A magnetic adsorbent was synthesized by coupling magnetic nanoparticles, UiO-66-NH2 and 1-butyl-trimethylimidazole bromide ([BMIM][Br]) to chitosan (CS)-based composite conveniently. A series of modern characterizations were employed to assess its properties. The results showed that UiO-66-NH2 was uniformly distributed within the composite via in-situ growth, which can enhance the porosity obviously. The introduction of various ligands enables the composite to exhibit excellent extraction performance for four aflatoxins (AFs) through multiple interactions. The adsorption mechanism was elucidated and the main factors affecting extraction efficiency were evaluated. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.08 to 0.56 μg/kg. The established method was successfully utilized to determine AFs from cereal samples (rice, glutinous rice, wheat, soybean, paddy, and corn) with satisfactory recovery of 77% ∼ 119% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.0% ∼ 11.7% (n = 5). The adsorbent demonstrated sufficient robustness for repeated use at least six times without obvious damage of extraction property.

Study of the Preparation and Performance of TiO2-Based Magnetic Regenerative Adsorbent.

Against the backdrop of "carbon neutrality", the green treatment of dye wastewater is particularly important. Currently, the adsorption method shows strong application prospects. Therefore, selecting efficient and recyclable adsorbents is of significant importance. TiO2 is an excellent adsorbent, but its difficult recovery often leads to secondary pollution. γ-Fe2O3-modified coal-series kaolin exhibits both excellent adsorption properties and rapid separation through magnetic separation technology. By utilizing the synergistic effects of both, TiO2/-γFe2O3 coal-series kaolin, magnetic adsorbent regeneration materials were prepared using coprecipitation method and characterized. The influencing factors of this functional material on the adsorption of Congo red dye and its regeneration performance are discussed. The experimental results indicated that the specific surface area, pore volume and Ms value of this functional material are 127.5 m2/g, 0.38 cm3/g, and 13.4 emu/g, respectively. It exhibits excellent adsorption characteristics towards Congo red, with an adsorption rate reaching 96.8% within 10 min, conforming to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and demonstrating Langmuir IV-type monolayer adsorption. After the adsorption of Congo red, magnetic separation shows superior efficiency. Furthermore, treatment of the adsorbed composite with EDTA allows for recycling, with adsorption rates still above 91% after three cycles, indicating an excellent regeneration capability.

Structural selective regulation of Fe3O4@C composite as adsorbent for removing different organic pollutants

ABSTRACT Many wastewater treatment methods have been developed because large amounts of organic pollutants (OPs) entered into the water bodies and adsorption is one of the classic and important technologies. Recently, magnetic adsorbents have garnered extensive attention due to the high efficiency and distinctive recyclability. The control of their structures and surface properties is crucial. Here, the magnetite@carbon (Fe3O4@C) composite was prepared by coupling microreactor and pyrolysis reactor. The structures and surface properties of the Fe3O4@C were effectively adjusted by changing the pyrolysis temperature and Na2CO3 concentration. The Fe3O4@C composite prepared at 800°C of pyrolysis temperature with 1 mol·L−1 of Na2CO3 concentration has lipophilicity and the highest adsorption capacity of 92# gasoline among those adsorbents, which is as high as 7.6 g·g−1. The Fe3O4@C synthesized at 500°C with 1 mol·L−1 of Na2CO3 concentration has hydrophilicity and the highest adsorption capacity of Rhodamine B and Methyl Blue. The saturated adsorption capacities are about 166 and 301 mg·g−1, respectively. Fe3O4@C can be easily separated from wastewater and simply regenerated with less capacity loss after five cycles. The results show that the Fe3O4@C prepared by this method could be suitable for the removal of different OPs by adjusting the preparation conditions.

Feasibility of using chemical co-precipitation and a high-gravity reactor with blade packings for continuous production of magnetite nanoparticles

BackgroundMagnetite nanoparticles (Higee-magnetite) were continuously produced using chemical co-precipitation and a high-gravity reactor with blade packings. MethodsA novel process for continuously producing Higee-magnetite involved an Fe2+ concentration of 0.15 mol/L with an Fe2+/Fe3+/OH− molar ratio of 1/2/8, an aqueous Fe2+/Fe3+ flow rate of 0.5 L/min, an aqueous OH− flow rate of 0.5 L/min, and a rotation speed of the high-gravity reactor of 1800 rpm. Significant findingsThe mean crystalline size of Higee-magnetite was 11 nm. The average particle sizes of Higee-magnetite as determined using SEM and TEM were 23 nm and 9 nm, respectively. Higee-magnetite was superparamagnetic at 25 °C. The saturation magnetization of Higee-magnetite was 69 emu/g. The BET specific surface area, Langmuir specific surface area, and mean pore size of Higee-magnetite were 152 m2/g, 204 m2/g, and 10 nm, respectively. The rate of continuous production of Higee-magnetite was approximately 12 kg/day. Higee-magnetite had a much higher capacity for adsorbing Pb2+ than magnetite nanoparticles that had been produced in a batch reactor since it had a larger specific surface area. The Pb2+ adsorption isotherm of Higee-magnetite corresponded more closely to the Langmuir isotherm model than to the Freundlich isotherm model. Furthermore, consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, Higee-magnetite had the maximum Pb2+ adsorption capacity of about 49 mg/g at 25 °C and pH 5. Therefore, Higee-magnetite is a favorable magnetic adsorbent for removing Pb2+ from water.

Sustainable approach for the expulsion of metaldehyde: risk, interactions, and mitigation: a review.

All pests can be eliminated with the help of pesticides, which can be either natural or synthetic. Because of the excessive use of pesticides, it is harmful to both ecology and people's health. Pesticides are categorisedaccording to severalcriteria: their chemical composition, method of action, effects, timing of use, source of manufacture, and formulations. Many aquatic animals, birds, and critters live in danger owing to hazardous pesticides. Metaldehyde is available in various forms and causes significant impact even when small amounts are ingested.Metaldehyde can harm wildlife, including dogs, cats, and birds. This review discusses pesticides, their types and potential environmental issues, and metaldehyde's long-term effects. In addition, it examines ways to eliminate metaldehyde from the aquatic ecosystem before concluding by anticipating how pesticides may affect society. The metal-organic framework and other biosorbents have been appropriately synthesized and subsequently represent the amazing removal of pesticides from effluent as an enhanced adsorbent, such as magnetic nano adsorbents. A revision of the risk assessment for metaldehyde residuals in aqueous sources is also attempted.

Acetaminophen Adsorption on Carbon Materials from Citrus Waste

Biochar and carbon adsorbents from citrus waste have been prepared by thermal and chemical treatments; they have been used in the aqueous phase adsorption of acetaminophen (ACE) as a model emerging pollutant. These materials were fully characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), adsorption/desorption of nitrogen, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), point of zero charge (pHpzc), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA/DTG/DTA). A magnetic carbon adsorbent was obtained by FeCl3 activation under an inert atmosphere, giving rise to the best results in ACE adsorption. Adsorption equilibrium data were obtained at 298, 318, and 338 K and fitted to different models, corresponding to the best fitting to the Redlich–Peterson model. The maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium resulted in 45 mg ACE·g−1 carbon at 338 K. The free energy values were calculated, and values between −21.03 and −23.00 kJ·mol−1 were obtained; the negative values confirmed the spontaneity of the process. The enthalpy and entropy of the adsorption process were obtained, giving rise to −6.4 kJ·mol−1 and 49 J·mol−1·K−1, respectively, indicating a slightly exothermic process and an increase in the randomness at the solid–liquid interface upon adsorption, respectively. The adsorption kinetics were also studied, with the Elovich model being the one that gave rise to the best-fitting results.

Highly efficient adsorption and removal of Cd(II) from wastewater by mass synthesis of magnetically functionalized UiO-66 based on its high coordination advantage

The development of heavy metal adsorbent materials that combine high yield and high adsorption capacity is a challenging problem. In this study, we report a novel magnetic adsorbent (Fe3O4@UiO-66-Lcys) for the efficient removal of cadmium from wastewater. Among them, UiO-66 was loaded on the Fe3O4 core by solvothermal method, followed by loading a large amount of L-cysteine (Lcys) on its surface by amidation reaction. The material innovatively achieves a large and uniform loading of functionalized groups on the magnetic core, which is a strategy for targeted removal of heavy metals. The successful synthesis of the materials was confirmed by structural characterization such as FTIR, TGA, and XRD. Excitingly, the composite has excellent adsorption performance, with the maximum adsorption of Cd2+ by Fe3O4@UiO-66-Lcys of 430.89 mg/g at the temperature of 298 K, which is more than five times that of Fe3O4@UiO-66. According to the mechanism analysis, the large amount of –COOH on UiO-66 provided enough sites for the stable grafting of L-cysteine, which exposed a large number of –NH2, –COOH, and −SH groups on the surface of the material, and provided abundant adsorption sites for Cd2+ chelation. In addition, the structure of the adsorbed material remained stable, and the removal rate of Cd2+ was still above 90 % after five times of reuse. Therefore, Fe3O4@UiO-66-Lcys is a good adsorbent for the removal of Cd2+ from wastewater, which provides an idea for the development and creation of high-yield, high-efficiency, and reusable green adsorbents.

Carbon and metal based magnetic porous materials - Role in drug removal: A Comprehensive review

Development of effective adsorbents for the removal of contaminants from wastewater is indispensable due to increasing water scarcity and a lack of pure drinking water, which are prevailing as a result of rapid industrialization and population growth. Recently, the development of new adsorbents and their effective use without generating secondary waste is receiving huge consideration. In order to protect the environment from primary and secondary pollution, the development of adsorbents from wastes and their recycling have become conventional practices aimed at waste management. As a result, significant progress has been made in the synthesis of new porous carbon and metal-organic frameworks as adsorbents, with the objective of using them for the removal of pollutants. While many different kinds of pollutants are produced in the environment, drug pollutants are the most vicious because of their tendency to undergo significant structural changes, producing metabolites and residues with entirely different properties compared to their parent compounds. Chemical reactions involving oxidation, hydrolysis, and photolysis transform drugs. The resulting compounds can have detrimental effects on living beings that are present in soil and water. This review stresses the development of adsorbents with adjustable porosities for the broad removal of primary drug pollutants and their metabolites, which are formed as a result of drug transformations in environmental matrices. This keeps adsorbents from building up in the environment and prevents them from becoming significant pollutants in the future. Additionally, it stops secondary pollution caused by the deterioration of the used adsorbents. Focus on the development of effective adsorbents with flexible porosities allows for the complete removal of coexisting contaminants and makes a substantial contribution to wastewater management. In order to concentrate more on the development of flexible pore adsorbents, it is crucial to comprehend the milestones reached in the research and applications of porous magnetic adsorbents based on metal and carbon, which are discussed here.

Magnetic solid phase adsorption of ceftiofur sodium in water by deep eutectic solvent modified banana peel‐MnFe2O4 biochar

AbstractMagnetic solid phase adsorption separation (MSPA) technology is an efficient and convenient separation method, which can simplify the separation step and shorten the separation time. It has wide application value in the purification of antibiotic pollutants in water. In this study, a novel magnetic biochar adsorbent (DES1@MnFe2O4‐BBC) with strong selectivity and high adsorption capacity was synthesized. It was composed of banana peel as the biochar source, Mn/Fe bimetallic oxide as the magnetic source and deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the functional monomer. The physicochemical properties of DES1@MnFe2O4‐BBC were systematically characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption, synchronous thermal analyzer, vibrating sample magnetometer, X‐ray diffractometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission electron microscopy. The adsorption conditions were optimized by the single‐factor optimization method. Also, under the optimal adsorption conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of DES1@MnFe2O4‐BBC for ceftiofur sodium was 75.01 mg·g−1. The test of adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics illustrated that the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation were suitable well with the adsorption system established in this article. Adsorbent regeneration cycle experiment revealed that the DES1@MnFe2O4‐BBC was an efficient and reusable adsorbent. In the end, all research proves the novel magnetic adsorbent synthesized in this study can provide a new idea for the removal of antibiotics in water.

Chitosan/polyvinyl acetate/manganese ferrite as a eco-friendly adsorbent for separation of methyl orange dye from aqueous solution

This study presents a novel approach in the field of wastewater treatment, focusing on the development of an eco-friendly magnetic adsorbent, CS/PVAc/MnFe2O4, for the efficient removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. The combination of chitosan, polyvinyl acetate, and manganese ferrite demonstrated a remarkable MO removal efficiency of 96.7% in just 75 min at a pH = 3, utilizing only 0.03 g of adsorbent and 50 mg/L of MO. The material was thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and VSM techniques, confirming its effectiveness. The study successfully applied the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics models to describe the adsorption isotherms and kinetics, revealing a maximum adsorption capacity of 80.58 mg/g. The findings underscore the potential of CS/PVAc/MnFe2O4 as a cost-effective and efficient solution for wastewater treatment, particularly in the removal of organic contaminants. This research contributes to the advancement of adsorbent materials and recommends further exploration for industrial applications and development.

Advanced magnetic adsorbents for enhanced phosphorus and fluoride removal from wastewater: Mechanistic insights and applications

A novel mesoporous magnetic nanoparticle adsorbent, Fe3O4@CSH-AAO, was synthesized using the atomization-precipitation method, effectively removing phosphorus (P) and fluoride (F) from wastewater, particularly from the recirculating water of wet-process phosphoric acid. The adsorbent achieved removal efficiencies of 99.6 % for P and 73.5 % for F under conditions of 20 g/L adsorbent dosage, pH ≈ 4, with initial P and F concentrations at 115 mg/L and 38 mg/L, respectively. Equilibrium adsorption data indicated that the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model for F and the pseudo-first-order model for P. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model for P and the Freundlich model for F, with maximum adsorption capacities of 37.86 mg P/g and 6.764 mg F/g at pH 4 and 298 K. The surface properties, functionality, and crystallinity were analyzed using BET, SEM, TEM, XRD, and XRF. Furthermore, XPS analyses and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations elucidated that surface Ca in CSH and the exposed Al atoms on the γ-Al2O3 (110) surface serve as optimal adsorption sites for P and F. The steric hindrance imposed by phosphorus contributes to its preferentially higher adsorption capacity over fluoride. This study not only presents an effective method for the removal of phosphorus and fluoride suitable for practical applications but also provides deep insights into the adsorption mechanism, highlighting the pivotal role of steric hindrance in facilitating ion adsorption.

Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using inorganic clays modified magnetic chitosan adsorbent: Kinetic and thermodynamic study

Inorganic clays modified magnetic chitosan adsorbent (ICMMCA) was successfully prepared and systematically characterized in chemical structure and morphology. Effect of variables including initial pH and concentration of Cr(VI) in the solution, adsorption time, adsorption temperature and coexisting ions on the performance of ICMMCA in Cr(VI) removal from water were evaluated. Furthermore, the kinetic and thermodynamic studies were conducted to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms and thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption process. The results demonstrated that the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 94.67 mg/g could be achieved when the adsorbent loading was 1 g/L, the initial concentration of Cr(VI) was 100 mg/L, the adsorption time was 60 min and solution pH was at 5. The adsorption data could be well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorption process could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

Effective removal of toxic dye from wastewater via advanced modified magnetic sepiolite using combined surfactants SDS/CTAB/Fe3O4@Sep: Empirical and computational analysis studies

In the present era, the elimination of hazardous dyes from wastewater has emerged as a paramount concern, captivating the interest of scientists globally because their detrimental effect on human health. Adsorption, a well-established and effective separation process, is commonly employed for eliminating various harmful organic pollutants from water, particularly toxic dyes. In this study, a novel magnetic organo-composite was synthesized through an environmentally friendly and easily implementable approach. Subsequently, various analytical techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDX, were utilized to scrutinize the structure and morphology of the adsorbent. The as-prepared adsorbent demonstrated remarkable efficiency in rapidly removing malachite green dye from aqueous solutions, attaining a peak adsorption capacity of 227.40 mg g−1. Furthermore, several factors affecting the adsorption process were investigated, including adsorbent dosage, medium pH, initial dye concentration, and contact time. The examination of adsorption kinetics data indicated that the process adhered to a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.97), implying that chemisorption constituted the controlling step in the reaction. Additionally, the experimental adsorption isotherms exhibited a close fit to the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.98). Crucially, the SDS/CTAB/Fe3O4@Sep magnetic organo-nanocomposite adsorbent exhibited the capacity for multiple reuses, maintaining its effectiveness over five cycles without notable activity decline. Consequently, the synthesized organo-composite appears to show potential as an effective adsorbent for eliminating harmful cationic dyes present in wastewater. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, employing Monte Carlo adsorption locator simulation (MCL) calculations, further supported the elevated adsorption of SDS/CTAB on Sep, Fe3O4 on SDS/CTAB@Sep, and MG molecules on SDS/CTAB/Fe3O4@Sep due to their negative adsorptions.

Preparation and Application of Responsive Nanocellulose Composites.

Cellulose nanofibrils/poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) semi-interpenetrating networks (MMCNF-PNAs) were synthesized using an in situ fabrication (semi-IPN). The polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) (free radical) was conducted in the presence of magnetic modified cellulose nanofibrils (MMCNFs). The adsorption behaviors and surface morphology of the synthesized adsorbents were investigated systematically. The adsorption behaviors of the as-prepared MMCNF-PNA towards methylene blue (MB, as the model contaminant) dye was studied, and the optimal adsorption conditions were also studied. The adsorption processes could be well fitted using pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models. Meanwhile, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the adsorption which occurred at 25, 37 and 65 °C. The corresponding results showed that the Freundlich isotherm model fitted the adsorption process better, indicating that the dye's adsorption happened via heterogeneous adsorptive energies on the prepared MMCNF-PNAs. Their desorption and reusability were also studied to verify magnetic responsivity. To sum up, MMCNF-PNAs are promising magnetic and thermal stimuli-responsive adsorbents, showing a controlled adsorption/desorption process.