Magnesium Research Articles

Association between Lower Food Consumption and Body Mass Index in Young Japanese Women

Aim: For Japanese women, weight is an important issue since obesity and anorexia are increasing. Therefore, for establishing a dietary education program, we need to grasp the current situation to analyze dietary intake, body mass index, and complaints among young females. Methods: The survey included 439 female university students in Tokyo, Japan, who provided informed consent. The population included 423 students (mean age: 19.6 ± 1.4); 16 students did not complete a survey. The subjects were asked to complete a dietary intake questionnaire (i.e., food frequency questionnaire with 82-food items) and self-completed lifestyle questionnaires. The Sagami Women’s University Ethics Committee approved this study. Results: A total of 423 women were recruited with an average body mass index ± standard deviation of 20.7 ± 2.4. The distributions of the body mass index <18.5, 18.5 ≤ body mass index ≧ 19.9, and body mass index ≥ 25.0 were 15.6%, 26.6%, and 5.0%, respectively. The average number of complaints was 2.8 per subject. In the mentally alert group, consumption of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and dietary fiber at breakfast (p<0.01), energy intake at breakfast, iron intake at dinner, as well as consumption of potassium, calcium, and magnesium during the day (p<0.05) were significant. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study highlighted a population at risk of health impairment due to deficiencies in the body mass index, energy intake, and nutrient intake. The results also indicated the association between breakfast intake and complaints.

Multivariate Statistical Application for the Assessment of Surface Water Quality in Lower Zab River, Kirkuk

Spatiotemporal variation analysis of water quality in the river is very vital for water resources protection and sustainable consumption. In this study, Multivariate statistical methods, i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Multi Recreation Analysis (MRA) were used to interpret of data matrix in water quality over a period of five years (2015–2019) in the Lower Zab River. The results from PCA matrix showed high positive correlation between total hardness and sulphate (SO4) at 95% confidence level (0.934) indicating that non-carbonate hardness is a measure in the river. By using Varimax rotation and by extracting the eigenvalues greater than 1 from the correlation matrix, number of significant principal components (PCs) were extracted. Five and four latent factors respectively in Lower Zab station 3 (LZ3) and Lower Zab station 2 (LZ2) were identified as responsible for the data structure, explaining 86.8% of total variance in winter season in LZ3 station and it is strong positive related to the SO4, nitrate (NO3), chloride (CL) and pH. All these variables are related to the weathering of minerals component of the river. 87.5% of total variance for winter season in LZ2 station, which is strongly positive, related to the NO3, pH, sodium (NA) and magnesium (MG) related to the weathering of minerals component. The strong correlations between PC3 and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) as a result of CCA in LZ3 station during summer season, indicates that the high concentration of calcium (CA) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in water cause the low concentration of BOD5. Among 72 multiple regression model run, only eight dependent variables had statistically significant relationships with independent variables. These results provide may useful information for water quality in the Lower Zab River, which can mainly affected by weathering of minerals component of the river, soil structure and run-off.

Regulation of magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine and labetalol on disease-related molecules in serum and placenta in the treatment of preeclampsia.

To explore the regulatory effect of magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine and labetalol on disease-related molecules in serum and placenta in the treatment of preeclampsia. Altogether 100 patients with preeclampsia admitted to the Children & Women's Healthcare of Laiwu City were selected. They were divided into control group and experimental group according to different treatment methods. Among them, 51 patients in the control group were treated with magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine, and 49 patients in the experimental group were treated with labetalol on the basis of the treatment in the control group. The therapeutic effects of the two methods were compared. The levels of the following factors in the two groups were compared: kallikrein expression, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), pregnancy-specific β1 glycoprotein (SPI), placental growth factor (PLGF), human placental prolactin (HPL), transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in serum and placenta tissues. After treatment, the blood pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). The expression of kallikrein in serum and placental tissue of the patients in the experimental group was higher than that of the patients in the control group (p<0.05); PAPP-A level was lower than that in the control group (p<0.05); TGF-β1 level was higher than that in the control group (p<0.05); VCAM-1 and E-selectin were lower than those in the control group (p<0.05), and kallikrein and TGF-β1 in serum and placenta in the non-occurrence group were higher than those in the occurrence group (p<0.05). The serum and placenta PAPP-A, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in the non-occurrence group were lower than those in the occurrence group (p<0.05). Magnesium sulfate combined with nifedipine and labetalol has good efficacy in the treatment of preeclampsia. They can promote the expression of endogenous kallikrein, reduce the level of pregnancy-related hypertension predictors, and weaken the infiltration ability of cytotrophoblasts.

Upsetting of cylinder magnesium blanks in copper casing without compression

Upsetting of cylinder magnesium blanks in copper casing without compression

Effects of NaCl Concentration and Solution Temperature on the Galvanic Corrosion between CFRP and AA7075T6

To reduce structural weight, light metals, including aluminum and magnesium alloys, have been widely used in various industries such as aircraft, transportation and automobiles. Recently, composite materials such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) and Graphite Epoxy Composite Material (GECM) have also been applied. However, aluminum and its alloys suffer corrosion from various factors, which include aggressive ions, pH, solution temperature and galvanic contact by potential difference. Moreover, carbon fiber in CFRP and GECM is a very efficient cathode, and very noble in the galvanic series. Galvanic contact between carbon fiber composites and metals in electrolytes such as rain or seawater, is highly undesirable. Notwithstanding the potentially dangerous effects of chloride and temperature, there is little research on galvanic corrosion according to chloride concentration and temperature. This work focused on the effects of chloride concentration and solution temperature on AA7075T6. The increased galvanic corrosion between CRFP and AA7075T6 was evaluated by electrochemical experiments, and these effects were elucidated.

Prediction of preterm labor by the level of serum magnesium using an optimized linear classifier.

Background: This study investigates the possibility of predicting preterm labor by utilizing serum Magnesium level, BMI, and muscular cramp. Methods: In this case-control study, 75 preterm and 75 term labor women are included. Different factors such as serum magnesium level, mother’s age, infant’s sex, mother’s Body Mass Index (BMI), infant’s weight, gravid, and muscular cramp experience are measured. Preterm labor is predicted by developing a linear discriminant model using Matlab, and the prediction accuracy is also computed. Results: The results show that each of the studied variables has a significant correlation with preterm labor. The p-value between BMI and preterm labor is 0.005, and by including the muscular cramp, it becomes less than 0.001. The correlation between serum magnesium level and the preterm labor is less than 0.0001. Using these three significant variables, a linear discriminant function is developed, which improves the accuracy of predicting preterm labor. Conclusion: The prediction error of preterm labor decreases from 31% (using only serum magnesium level) to 24% using the new proposed discriminant function. Based on this, it is suggested to use the optimized linear discriminant function to enhance the prediction of preterm labor, since the serum magnesium level cannot predict the preterm labor accurately.

New Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis Following Magnesium Replacement

A 29-year-old female G2P2 with a past medical history of hyperthyroidism and depression was admitted for 2-months of progressively worsening weakness of her bilateral upper and lower extremities. Initial investigations were unremarkable, and the patient’s weakness improve the next morning. The patient was thought to have a Somatoform Disorder and was planned for home discharge, however on the day of discharge her magnesium was 1.2 mg/dL. After repletion, she developed seizure-like activity and respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation and transfer to the ICU. In ICU, patient received another dose of replacement magnesium that caused another seizure, code blue and re-intubation. Subsequent lab work revealed reactive Acetylcholine receptor antibodies and subsequent chest imaging demonstrated thymoma, confirming a diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis in Crisis. The patient improved following plasma exchange and was discharged home with outpatient follow up.

Evaluation of the Medium Fermentative Parameters for the Production of Biosurfactant Using the Candida Gloebosa

The environmental pollution issue related to the widespread use of synthetic surfactants in detergents since 1960s has worried both the scientific community and regulatory agencies, in view of the foaming in rivers and lakes that makes the aquatic environment visually polluted. In this context, biological surfactants have stood out over synthetics due to their biodegradability and biological origin, since they are naturally produced by the microorganisms’ metabolism. However, the production usually requires expensive fermentative media and still demands more efficient methodologies to make the process economically advantageous. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies in the literature reporting the use of Candida gloebosa, which was collected in Antartica, for producing of biological surfactants. Faced with this, the present study aimed to evaluate some fermentative medium parameters in order to obtain ideal conditions for biosurfactant production using Candida gloebosa. For this purpose, the fermentation time (24, 48, 72 and 96 h), the concentration of residual potato frying oil (40, 60 and 90 g.L-1), the concentration of hydrated magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O) (0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3 g.L-1), and cells concentration (1 ± 0.2, 2 ± 0.3, 3 ± 0.2 e 4 ± 0.3 g.L-1) were evaluated. According to the results, all the four parameters investigated revealed similar production yields at their best condition with a biosurfactant production of about 4 g/L when were employed 72 h of fermentation time, 0.2 g.L-1 of MgSO4, 60 g.L-1 of residual potato frying oil and a cell concentration of 3 g.L-1. Finally, the obtained results were comparable to those already reported in the literature for the yeast of the same genus known as Candida lipolytica, which is used for biosurfactant production. These findings can be used as basis for future studies involving the modeling through neural networks, for instance, in order to obtain an optimized condition or even for biosurfactant production in larger scales.

Nutritive and Anti-Nutritive Evaluation of Cocoyam (Colocasia Esculenta L. Schott) Inflorescence

Levels of some nutrients and anti-nutrients of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta (L.)Schott) inflorescence was determined using standard analytical methods. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and moisture contents were 3.10%, 1.78%, 1.17%, 2.83%, 11.61% and 70.33% respectively. The vitamin composition was found to be at the levels of 348.91µg/dl for vitamin A and 27.21mg/100g for vitamin C. The elemental analysis of the inflorescence (in percentage) indicated that it contained appreciable levels of calcium (1.14), magnesium (4.80), manganese (5.49), zinc (60.70), iron (0.003), copper (0.04), sodium (22.92), potassium, (152.43), phosphorus (1.60) and iodine (18.13). The anti-nutrient composition (in percentages) for phytate, cyanide, oxalate and saponin were 32.27, trace, 36.07, 85.72 and tannin 17.15mg/100g respectively. These results revealed that cocoyam inflorescence can serve as good sources of nutrients, vitamins and mineral elements and contained low levels of toxicants and therefore, should be included in diets to supplement our daily allowance needed by the body.

Comparative analysis of bile components in patients with different types of gallstones

Objective To study the relationship among bile components and different gallstone types through comparing and analyzing gallbladder bile contents in patients with different types of gallstones. Methods A retrospective study of 542 consecutive patients with gallstones or gallbladder polyps was conducted. The stone composition type and 14 kinds of bile components from these patients were analyzed. The bile parameters consisted of potassium (K+ ), sodium (Na+ ), chlorine (Cl-), calcium (Ca2+ ), bicarbonate (HCO3-), magnesium (Mg2+ ), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), total bile acid (TBA), cholesterol (CHO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pH. Finally, the content of these bile components among the different types of stones and gallbladder polyps were compared. According to the composition determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the gallstone patients were divided into five groups. Results Compared with other groups, the content of K+ , GGT, ALP, TBIL, TBA and CHO in the calcium carbonate stone group were lower (P 0.05). In addition, there was no difference in bile contents among the pigment gallstone group, mixed stone group and polyp group (P>0.05). Conclusions In gallstone patients, the bile components of patients with calcium carbonate stones is significantly different. The high cholesterol content in bile is the main feature of cholesterol stone patients, and there is no significant difference in bile composition between patients with pigment stones and mixed stones. Key words: Cholecystolithiasis; Bile; Gallbladder polyps; Cholesterol; Bile acid; Calcium carbonate stones

A new therapeutic approach for the Dry Eye Syndrome in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux: first data.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common disorder. Pepsin has been detected also at eye level, this was a starting point for newest theories about LPR impact on Dry Eye Syndrome. The current preliminary study compared two treatments in patients with Dry Eye Syndrome and LPR. Patients were treated with Gastroftal eye drops and Gastroftal tablets or hyaluronic acid eye drops for 3 months. The following parameters were evaluated: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), OSDI categories, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Reflux Finding Score (RFS), Fluorescein Tear Breakup Time (B-TUT), and Schirmer test before and after treatment. On the whole, 21 patients were enrolled: 10 were treated with hyaluronic acid Atlantis (Group A) and 11 with Gastroftal eye drops and tablets (Group B). After treatment, in Group A only OSDI significantly diminished (p=0.029); in Group B there were significant reductions concerning OSDI (p=0.0277), OSDI categories (p=0.0211), RSI (p=0.0172), Schirmer test (p=0.0172), T-BUT (p=0.0265), and RFS (p=0.0205). The current preliminary demonstrated that the combined ocular and systemic therapy with hyaluronic acid, Magnesium alginate, Simethicone, and Camelia sinensis may be considered a promising treatment in patients with Dry Eye Syndrome due to LPR. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Kshara (Alkali) in the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019: An ayurvedic specialized pharmacotherapy w.s.r. to the traditional diet of Northeast India

Objective: At present, the entire world is fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite all the possible efforts, there is no proven and effective medicine or vaccine discovered till date. There are strong reasons for demanding alternative therapies that could be used in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Data Source and Review methods: An extensive literary and multiple database (Science Direct, PubMed, Springer, and Google Scholar) search was carried out for related published works on kshara and alkali in the domains of Ayurvedic, traditional, and modern knowledge. Kshara (alkali) made of aswagandha, tulasi, and pippali is used as a medicine and a dietetic adjuvant in respiratory diseases in Ayurveda. “Khar” is one of the popular traditional food items of Northeast India, well known for different therapeutics. Kshara (alkaline water), prepared from banana and black gram, contains a rich amount of potassium (K), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe), with pH of 10.22–13.00 and 10.02, respectively. Kolakhar (alkali made of banana) has been found to inhibit the growth of different pathogens in in vitro studies. Result and Discussion: Alkaline environment within the normal range of blood pH positively influences the inflammatory, immune, and antiviral mechanisms of the body, which is said to be one of the reasons to keep the body healthy and immune to disease. There is scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of kshara in treating viral respiratory infections. In vitro studies have demonstrated the inactivation effect of alkaline medium on respiratory viruses. Conclusion: Kshara could be a potential pharmacotherapy and food adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Investigation of Protective Surface Film Behavior of Fluorine Containing Cover Gas Parameters on Molten Magnesium Alloy

Ergimis magnezyumun korunmasi, mevcut ve potansiyel magnezyum kullanicilari icin en onemli konulardan biridir. Pahali metal kayiplarinin en az seviyeye indirilmesinin yani sira guvenlik gibi nedenlerinden de oturu, etkili bir ergiyik koruma sistemi gereklidir. SF6, son derece yuksek bir kuresel isinma potansiyeline sahip oldugundan, HFC-134a bircok uygulamada etkili bir cozumdur. Bu calismada, HFC-134a/N2 atmosferi altinda ergimis AZ91A alasiminda olusan yuzey filmleri, farkli ergimis metal sicakliklari, temas sureleri, konsantrasyonlari ve koruyucu gaz debileri gibi cesitli parametrelerde incelenmektedir. Optimum islem parametrelerinin belirlenmesi icin Taguchi deneysel tasarim yontemi kullanilmistir. Deneyler neticesinde elde edilen yuzey filmleri optik mikroskop ile analiz edilmistir. Proses parametrelerinin ergiyik uzerinde en iyi koruyucu tabaka saglayanlari; 60 dakikalik temas suresi, 660 °C ergimis magnezyum sicakligi, % 0.30 hacimsel gaz konsantrasyon ve 600 l/h'lik koruyucu gaz karisim debisi olarak belirlenmistir.

Erratum: Improving a Mg/S Battery with YCl3 Additive and Magnesium Polysulfide.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800981.].

Magnezijeve zlitine: pregled uporabe

Magnezijeve zlitine: pregled uporabe

Chronic dietary Mg2+ deficiency induces cardiac apoptosis in the rat heart.

Severe Mg2+ deficiency provokes pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory changes, and also has been shown to be pro-apoptotic in thymus and certain cell cultures. In this study we examined the extent that chronic severe dietary Mg2+ deficiency induces apoptosis in the heart. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during three weeks with normal (25 mM, Mg-control) or magnesium deficient (2.25 mM, Mg-deficient) diets, after which, hearts were harvested and frozen. DNA fragmentation was examined in heart tissue sections, and while < 1% of nuclei were positive for apoptosis in Mg-control rat tissue, over 32% of nuclei gave positive for Klenow fragments in hearts from Mg-deficient rats. Caspase 3 activity measurements in heart homogenates showed a 3.9-fold increase in enzyme activity in Mg-deficient rat hearts compared to Mg-controls (p < 0.002); and furthermore, western blot analysis of cleaved PARP (caspase 3 substrate), showed a 4.6-fold increase of cleaved PARP in Mg-deficient rat hearts (p < 0.002). In summary, our data indicate that chronic Mg2+ deficiency induces apoptosis of myocardium in vivo.

Microstructure and Hardness Evaluation of Magnesium Samples Processed by a New Design of Spread Extrusion Method

Microstructure and Hardness Evaluation of Magnesium Samples Processed by a New Design of Spread Extrusion Method

Study on the effect and mechanism of total flavonoids from Mosla for rats with calcium oxalate stone in kidney

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of total flavonoids on calcium oxalate stones in SD male rats, and to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of calcium oxalate stones. Methods The model of 1% ammonium chloride+ 1% ethylene glycol was used.The patients were treated with placebo, low dose of total flavones and high dose of total flavones.The content and concentration of oxalic acid in rats' 24-hour urine were measured.The contents of calcium and magnesium in urine were determined, and the levels of blood urea, creatinine and serum calcium were determined, HE staining was performed on the kidney sections of rats, and the pathological changes and calcium oxalate crystals were observed and graded under 100-fold microscope. Results The contents of calcium ions in renal tissues, 24-hour urinary calcium ions, calcium oxalate crystals in renal tissues and renal tubular dilatation in rats treated with different doses of flavonoids from comfrey's flower were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusions The total flavonoids could prevent the formation of calcium oxalate in kidney of SD male rats. Key words: Urinary Calculi; Calcium Oxalate; Medicago sativa; FLAVONE

Electrochemical Deposition and Characterization of Layered Double Hydroxide Film on Magnesium Alloys

Electrochemical Deposition and Characterization of Layered Double Hydroxide Film on Magnesium Alloys

The permeability of magnesium across the skin is enhanced by menthol cream

The permeability of magnesium across the skin is enhanced by menthol cream