Magnesium Research Articles

Performance Research of Magnesium Base Lanthanum Hexaaluminate Prepared by Co-Precipitation

Performance Research of Magnesium Base Lanthanum Hexaaluminate Prepared by Co-Precipitation

Magnesium alloy covered stent for the treatment of a direct carotid-cavernous fistula in the rabbit common carotid artery

Objective To introduce the carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) model, and evaluate the feasibility of a magnesium alloy covered stent (MACS) to treat a CCF model in the rabbit common carotid artery (CCA). Methods In 12 New Zealand rabbits, a CCF model was created with the right CCA and external jugular vein (EJV) using side-to-side anastomosis. A MACS was inserted into the CCF model under fluoroscopic guidance. CCF occlusion was studied through follow-up angiograms at 3, 6, and 12 months after stent placement. Results CCF models with pulsatile exophthalmos, conjunctival congestion, and extroversion of the eyes were successfully established in all 12 rabbits before stent placement. Stent placement was technically successful in all rabbits except two, giving a technique success rate of 83% (10/12). Complete CCF occlusion was achieved without endoleak in 10 rabbits by angiography immediate, and at 3rd, 6th and 12th month after operation. Conclusion The creation of the CCF model with the correct CCA and EJV by side-to-side anastomosis was successful and reproducible, and MACS was proved to be one of the feasible approaches for occlusion of a CCF. Key words: Carotid-cavernous fistula; Magnesium alloy; Covered stent; Rabbit

Recent developments and challenges in welding of magnesium to titanium alloys

Joining of Mg/Ti hybrid structures by welding for automotive and aerospace applications has attracted great attention in recent years due mainly to its potential benefit of energy saving and emission reduction. However, joining them has been hampered with many difficulties due to their physical and metallurgical incompatibilities. Different joining processes have been employed to join Mg/Ti, and in most cases in order to get a metallurgical bonding between them was the use of an intermediate element at the interface or mutual diffusion of alloying elements from the base materials. The formation of a reaction product (in the form of solid solution or intermetallic compound) along the interface between the Mg and Ti is responsible for formation of a metallurgical bond. However, the interfacial bonding achieved and the joints performance depend significantly on the newly formed reaction product(s). Thus, a thorough understanding of the interaction between the selected intermediate elements with the base metals along with the influence of the associated welding parameters are essential. This review is timely as it presents on the current paradigm and progress in welding and joining of Mg/Ti alloys. The factors governing the welding of several important techniques are deliberated along with their joining mechanisms. Some opportunities to improve the welding of Mg/Ti for different welding techniques are also identified.

Prediction and feature selection for fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital via machine learning

To propose a method of prediction for fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital and a method of feature selection via machine learning models. 728 digestive tract hemorrhage samples were extracted from the first aid database of PLA General Hospital, and 343 patients among them were diagnosed as fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital. A total of 64 physiological or laboratory indicators were extracted and screened. Based on the ten-fold cross-validation, Logistic regression, AdaBoost and XGBoost were used for classification prediction and comparison. XGBoost was used to search sequence features, and the key indicators for predicting fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital were screened out according to the importance of the indicators during training. Logistic regression, AdaBoost and XGBoost all get better F1.5 score under each feature input dimension, among which XGBoost had the best effect and the highest score, which was able to identify as many patients as possible who might have fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital. Through XGBoost iteration results, the Top 30 indicators with high importance for predicting fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital were ranked. The F1.5 scores of the first 12 key indicators peaked at iteration (0.893), including hemoglobin (Hb), calcium (CA), red blood cell count (RBC), mean platelet volume (MPV), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCH), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet count (PLT), magnesium (MG), lymphocyte (LYM), glucose (GLU, blood gas analysis), glucose (GLU, blood biochemistry) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Logistic regression, AdaBoost and XGBoost could achieve the purpose of early warning for predicting fatal gastrointestinal bleeding recurrence in hospital, and XGBoost is the most suitable. The 12 most important indicators were screened out by sequential forward selection.

Energy supply nutrients and mineral composition analysis in breast milk in Lanzhou urban

Objective To analyze the energy supply nutrients (protein, fat and lactose) and mineral elements (calcium, copper, iron, zinc, magnesium, sodium, potassium) supplied in breast milk from the resident of Lanzhou, and investigate the problems of those energy supply nutrients and mineral elements in breast milk of this population so that to provide basis for breast feeding. Methods Breast milk from 1 215 mothers whose babies were fed totally by the breast milk and grew well was collected and assayed for the contents of protein, fat, lactose, calcium, copper, iron, zinc, magnesium, sodium and potassium in Lanzhou region. The optimal range for breast feeding was set by normal distribution method. The results were compared with the breast milk from other internal region in order to clarify the contents difference. Results The prevalence of mother-milk-fed in this region was 48.5%. The normal ranges (unit: g/100 g) of fat, lactose and protein were 1.57-5.11, 6.58-7.16 and 0.79-1.35, and the normal ranges of calcium, copper, iron, zinc, magnesium, sodium and potassium were 5.25-7.83 mmol/L, 5.66-8.28 mmol/L, 0.14-0.3 mmol/L, 15-64.48 μmol/L, 0.98-1.62 mmol/L, 1.92-18.82 mmol/L, 7.95~17.31 mmol/L in the high quality breast milk. Compared with the other internal region, the normal ranges of the protein, fat and lactose in Lanzhou were lower. The contents of protein, fat, lactose, calories, calcium, copper, zinc and sodium in the breast milk from the whole investigated population were significantly lower compared with breast milk of high quality (P<0.01). Conclusion The quality of breast milk in Lanzhou is not so good. The contents of various nutrients in breast milk should be improved to a proper level by appropriate ways so that to improve the growth and development of the baby. Key words: Breast milk; Protein; Fat; Lactose; Constant trace element

Magnesium and the blood-brain barrier in vitro: effects on permeability and magnesium transport.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates the homeostasis of the central nervous system, and its dysfunction has been described in several neurological disorders. Since magnesium exerts a protective effect in the brain, we assessed whether supraphysiological concentrations of different magnesium salts modulate the permeability and magnesium transport in in vitro models of rat and human BBB. Among various formulations tested, magnesium pidolate was the most efficient in reducing the permeability and in enhancing magnesium transport through the barrier. We then compared magnesium pidolate and magnesium sulfate, a widely used salt in experimental models and in clinical practice. Magnesium pidolate performs better than sulfate also in preventing lipopolysaccharide-induced damage to in vitro generated BBB. We conclude that magnesium pidolate emerges as an interesting alternative to sulfate to protect BBB and maintain correct intracerebral concentrations of magnesium.

Magnesium and elderly patient: the explored paths and the ones to be explored: a review.

Magnesium is an essential bivalent cation. Its fine balance in human organism is extremely important and is involved in a wide range of functions. We need to maintain its amount in human organism within range considered as physiological. This is particularly true for elderly people, and especially for "frail" elderly people, whose systems and apparatuses are in a state of serious homeostatic precariousness. In fact, hypomagnesemia is involved in a very large range of pathological conditions (requiring multiple therapies) that could compromise elderly's autonomy. The aim of this review has been to go through the most important trials, in order to understand the direction taken by research during the last years and to detect the room for improvement in this field. We have tried to understand when magnesium content is truly physiological or pathological, and how we could prevent an inappropriately low magnesium intake in elderly people. First of all, we have remarked the absolute need of an adequate evaluation method for magnesium content in human organism. Current literature appropriately encourages the use of a synoptic assessment of magnesium serum concentration, urinary excretion, and dietary intake. We have also discussed the most important trials relating hypomagnesaemia with human pathology. Specific studies conducted on elderly patients have extensively demonstrated its decisive role in maintaining bone health, adequate glyco-metabolic compensation, a correct cardiac and vascular functional profile, and probably also a physiological psycho-cognitive profile. From the implications discussed above, therefore, it is essential to ensure physiological levels of magnesium in body, particularly in geriatric patient, itself more prone to a reduction in the level of cation. We have concluded, according to the literature, that the best way to prevent hypomagnesemia and its clinical implications in elderly subjects is represented by a proper diet (more fiber and complex carbohydrates, more vegetable proteins, less sugars and fats), which ensures an adequate supply of cation. If with diet alone (due to comorbidity or other concomitant factors) it has not been possible to guarantee suitable serum levels of cation, or in the case of a patient defined as "frail elderly", a reintegration therapy (per os) will be undertaken, after a careful analysis of renal function.

Removal of Phosphorus in Rubber Wastewater – Design of Experiment for the Struvite Crystallization Reaction

Recovering struvite crystal is one of the most interesting methods for removing phosphorus from wastewater to produce fertilizer. Phosphorus is removed from wastewater streams to prevent the ecologically harmful effects of eutrophication in receiving natural, so the recovery and reuse of phosphorus in rubber wastewater by struvite precipitation not only reduces the effects of phosphorus for the environment where the product MAP (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate) is also a slow release fertilizer is very useful for agriculture. During the reaction process taking place, the parameters of pH, Mg2+/PO43- ratio and NH4+/PO43- ratio gate the large influence on the formation of struvite. The design of experiment had been carried out using three factors based, multi-factorized experimental equation was. From the experimental equation, the experimental had been optimized for three factors. The optimization level of the parameters were determined as 9.0 for the pH, 1.25 for ratio of Mg2+/PO43- and 4.35 for ratio of NH4+/PO43-. The obtained precipitation volume with optimum parameters was 0.3401 g/300 mL of rubber waste

Investigating the Relationship between Magnesium levels and Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as one of the three main types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is established that GDM is associated with exceeding nutrient losses owing to glycosuria. Magnesium (Mg), as one of the essential micronutrients for fetus development, acts as the main cofactor in most enzymatic processes. The aim of this study was to measure serum and cellular levels of Mg, albumin, creatinine, and total protein to further clarify the relationship between these components and DM in pregnant women. Blood samples were obtained from 387 pregnant women. The participants were classified into four groups based on their type of diabetes, namely GDM (n=96), DM (n=44), at high-risk of DM (n=122), and healthy controls (n=125). All participants' fasting blood sugar (FBS), creatinine, albumin, Mg, and total protein in the serum levels and red blood cell Mg (RBC-Mg) were measured during 24-28 weeks of gestation. Groups were compared for possible association between DM and abortion, gravidity, and parity. The serum levels of creatinine, FBS, albumin, Mg, and RBC-Mg were statistically different among four groups (P =0.001). Significant lower levels of RBC- Mg was observed in all studied groups in comparison with controls. Given a positive correlation between DM and abortion, it seems that decreased levels of RBC-Mg and serum albumin can increase the risk of abortion in pregnant women. Our data demonstrated significant alterations in albumin, Mg, and creatinine concentrations in women with DM or those at high risk of DM during their gestational age. It seems that the measurement of these biochemical parameters might be helpful for preventing the complications, and improving pregnancy outcomes complicated with DM.

Applications of Bioactive Ions in Bone Regeneration.

The repair of large bone defects remains a huge challenge for bone regenerative medicine. To meet this challenge, a number of bone substitutes have been developed over recent years to overcome the drawbacks of traditional autograft and allograft therapies. Thus, the improvement of the osteoinductive ability of these substitutes has become a major focus for research in the field of bone tissue engineering. It has been reported that some metallic ions play an important role in bone metabolism in the human body, and that bone repair could be enhanced by incorporating these ions into bone substitutes. Moreover, it is well documented that ions released from these substitutes such as magnesium, zinc, and strontium can increase the osteogenic and angiogenic properties of bone repair scaffolds. However, the mechanisms of action of these ions on cellular bioactivity are currently unclear. Therefore, in the present article, we highlight the recent use of bioactive ions in bone tissue engineering and discuss the effects of these ions on osteogenesis and neovascularisation.

Some peculiarities of chips oxidation, containing magnesium

Some peculiarities of chips oxidation, containing magnesium

Comparison of the Magnesium Alterations after Erythropoietin and U-74389G Process

Comparison of the Magnesium Alterations after Erythropoietin and U-74389G Process

Mechanical properties of magnesium potassium phosphate cement

Mechanical properties of magnesium potassium phosphate cement

Coping with stress using magnesium

Coping with stress using magnesium

Magnesium and Health

Magnesium and Health

Effects of foliar application of glycine and glutamine amino acids on growth and quality of sweet basil

Amino acids have diverse roles in plant metabolism, and recently amino acid based fertilizers have been used largely in crop production systems. Despite most of these new fertilizers are formulated for foliar application; however, morphophysiological responses of crops to amino acids application have not yet been well documented. In the present study, foliar application of glycine or glutamine in different concentrations of 0 (distilled water), 250, 500, 1000 mg·L-1, as well as a treatment of 250 mg·L-1 glycine + 250 mg·L-1 glutamine were evaluated on growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. The results showed that foliar application of glycine or glutamine at 1000 mg·L-1 showed no improvement in comparison with control for all traits except for leaf L-ascorbic acid concentration that showed the highest value under these amino acids treatments. However, foliar application of these amino acids at 250 and particularly 500 mg·L-1 showed promising effect on sweet basil growth. Plant shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, and leaf chlorophyll content were improved by foliar application of 500 mg·L-1 glycine or glutamine in comparison with control plants. Foliar application of amino acids increased leaf nitrogen (glutamine 250 and 500 mg·L-1), potassium (glycine 250 mg·L-1), magnesium (glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1, glycine 250 mg·L-1, glycine + glutamine; 250 + 250 mg·L-1), iron (glycine and glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 and glutamine at 250 mg·L-1), and zinc (glycine and glutamine at 250 or 500 mg·L-1), whereas the increase in leaf nutrients caused by other treatments was not significantly different from control plants. Leaf calcium concentration was not changed by amino acid treatments. The results indicate that foliar application of moderate to low concentrations of glutamine or glycine can improve sweet basil growth.

Survey on the Changes of Potassium and Magnesium Concentration according to the Retention Time After Rinse of Sucrose and Glucose in Oral

Survey on the Changes of Potassium and Magnesium Concentration according to the Retention Time After Rinse of Sucrose and Glucose in Oral

Spectroscopy of Galaxies: Evolution of Escape Fractions, Metallicity Gradients and Stellar Metallicity

We use spectroscopic observations to investigate galaxies from the age of reionization to the peak of star formation, and the local universe. This thesis presents three projects to better understand characteristics of galactic feedback, i.e., how it regulates galactic gas flows. We used deep absorption line spectroscopy to estimate the escape fractions fesc of star-forming gravitationally-lensed galaxies at z ≃ 5. The approach is to measure the covering fraction of neutral hydrogen in a galaxy from the amount of non-ionizing UV radiation absorbed by low-ionization metal species. With the boost of signal by gravitational lensing, we observed four 4 Spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of galaxies at the peak era of star-formation activities are effective in providing insight into the primitive disks. Specifically, we used metallicity gradients to provide constraints on the amount and extent of feedback produced in star-forming galaxies. We observed 15 star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2 with OSIRIS to obtain their kinematic properties and gas-phase metallicity gradients. With helps from AO correction and gravitational lensing, the typical spatial resolution in our study is less than a half-light radius of a typical L* galaxies at z ≃ 2. Combining with the sample in Jones et al., 2013, we approximately tripled the existing metallicity gradient measurements. We found a lower fraction of rotationally-supported systems than reported from larger kinematic surveys with coarser spatial resolution, which might be partially due to a our improved spatial resolution. We demonstrated that a high spatial resolution is crucial for an accurate diagnosis of the kinematic properties and dynamical maturity of z ≃ 2 galaxies. As for metallicity gradients, we found a much higher fraction of z ≃ 2 galaxies having weak or flat metallicity gradients than in previous studies. We correlated the metallicity gradient with the total metallicity and found that all galaxies with low total metallicities have flat gradients ( 0.1), there is a divergence between isolated or rotationally-supported and dynamically-immature systems with the latter showing zero gradients irrespective of the integrated metallicity. The results indicate that relatively strong feedback (e.g. high mass loading factors or high SN energy output) is required in order to explain the majority of the observed flat gradients. In the second part of the thesis, we observed quiescent galaxies at z Lastly, we measured magnesium (Mg) abundances and extended the observed redshift to z ~ 0.55. We found that while the mass-[Fe/H] relation evolves significantly over the observed redshift range, the mass-[Mg/H] relation does not. This is due to the shorter star formation histories of quiescent galaxies at higher redshifts. Fe is mainly produced in Type Ia SN. It has a longer recycling time than Mg, which is mainly produced in core-collapse SN. Using core-collapse SN elements as a metal indicator lessens the complication of delayed recycling time and allows us to effectively use galactic chemical models with instantaneous recycling to quantify average outflows that these galaxies experience over their lifetime. We found that the average mass-loading factor η is a power-law function of galaxy stellar mass, η ∝ M*-0.21±0.09, consistent with the results of other observational methods and with the predictions where outflow is caused by star formation feedback in turbulent disks.

Temporal variation in ground water quality due to urbanization. Case study: District Peshawar, Pakistan

Groundwater is a significant source of water for both domestic and agricultural use. The main objective of this study was to identify temporal variations in groundwater quality of Peshawar by developing GIS based physio-chemical parameters contour maps, comparative graphs and analyse results in light of Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority (PSQCA). In 2005, same study for district Peshawar was carried out jointly by PCSIR Peshawar and Kyungpook National University. In order to assess the effects of urbanization on ground water quality in district Peshawar, another study was undertaken in 2014-15 by collecting samples from the same locations. Standard procedures were adopted to determine the selected parameters and results of both the studies were compared. Comparative analysis of both the studies showed that some of the chemical parameters values gained an increase while other got decreased. Results also showed that electrical conductivity (EC), Cl-, SO4-2, NO3-1 were increased by 119.11%, 29.98%, 469.60%, and 59.47% respectively, while total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium (Ca++), HCO3-1 and Magnesium (Mg++) were decreased by 6%, 10.51%, 37.39% and 11.52%, 22.21%, 37.56% and 21.19% respectively. Results revealed that changes in water quality have occurred due to over population of Peshawar and remedial measures are needed in future.

Compatibility Testing of Nateglinide with Different Grades of Cellulose Ethers and Excipients Used in Sustained Release Formulations

Compatibility testing was done to assess interaction between Nateglinide (NTG) and different pharmaceutical excipients and polymers, which are used in a sustained release formulation to manufacture tablet. To evaluate the compatibility between drug, excipients and polymers, different techniques such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Infrared Spectroscopic study (IR) and Isothermal stress testing (IST) study were employed. The results of DSC curves showed that, all excipients and polymers are compatible with the NTG. Except DSC curves of magnesium stearate, which shows certain interaction with the NTG, however, it overcome in the results of IR and IST studies, which showed that all the excipients, polymers used in this study are compatible with the NTG.