Nano Magnesium Oxide Research Articles

Evaluation of mechanical properties of hybrid Al7009 nanocomposite

ABSTRACT Hybrid nanocomposites are prepared by Al7009 aluminum alloy as base material,graphite and nano magnesium oxide (MgO) as reinforcements. Stir casting processes are used for preparation of hybrid nanocomposite, the percentage of graphite is fixed at 1 wt.% and nano magnesium oxide is varied for 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight and the specimens are named as A (pure), B (1% graphite and 1% MgO), C (1% graphite and 2% MgO), and D (1% graphite and 3% MgO). Evaluation of mechanical properties such as compressive strength, hardness, density, and impact strength behavior of hybrid Al7009 nano aluminum composites are analyzed. From the experimental results, the compressive strength and hardness of hybrid nanocomposite increases up to 2% wt of nano MgO particles and then the value decreases for 3% wt of nano MgO particles. Density increases from the specimens A to C with an increase in percentage of reinforcement in the matrix phase and then it decreases for specimen D. With respect to toughness highest value of 4.4 Jis obtained for sample D and the increase in percentage was 62.9 when compared to sample A, it was 37.5% when compared to specimen B and 12.8% when compared to specimen C.

NMgO-incorporated PLLA bone scaffolds: Enhanced crystallinity and neutralized acidic products

Poly‑l‑lactic acid (PLLA) is a promising bone repair material because of its good biocompatibility and natural degradability. Nevertheless, the poor mechanical properties and local inflammatory response limits its further application in bone repair. In this research, nano magnesium oxide (nMgO) was incorporated into PLLA scaffold manufactured by selective laser sintering technique. Results shown that nMgO with good affinity to PLLA could act as nucleating agent during crystallization process and effectively enhance the crystallinity of PLLA, which was proved by the isothermal behavior and non-isothermal behavior analysis. The evolution of crystallization was also achieved by polarized optical microscopy. Mechanical tests confirmed that the tensile strength, young modulus and Vickers hardness of PLLA/3nMgO was enhanced by 38%, 24% and 11%, respectively, as compared with PLLA. On the other hand, the incorporated nMgO neutralized the acid degradation by-products of PLLA, forming a weak alkaline environment which might contribute to avoiding sever local inflammation after implantation. Moreover, in vitro cell culture revealed an improved biocompatibility of PLLA/nMgO scaffolds. All these positive results suggested that PLLA/3nMgO scaffold was a potential material for bone repair application.

Exploration on the behaviour pattern of a DI diesel engine using magnesium oxide nano additive with plastic pyrolysis oil as alternate fuel

To transform pollution to the solution, a trial was made to assess the change in physiochemical properties of plastic pyrolysis oil due to the addition of different dosage of magnesium oxide nano additive and use it to learn the burning, recital and discharge properties of a mono barrel compression ignition power train. Investigation reveals that the Brake thermal efficiency of plastic pyrolysis oil added with 75 ppm magnesium oxide nano additive enhanced the brake thermal efficiency by 2.5% and the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions reduced marginally and the smoke emission decreased by 5 opacity % and NOx emissions increased by 25 ppm when compared to pure plastic oil. It can be concluded that plastic oil added with 75 ppm magnesium oxide reveals good engine behaviour and minimised pollutants when compared with other combinations.

Prevent Intravenous Therapy (IV) Contamination by Addition of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles to Silicone Rubber

Antibacterial material nanocomposites are prepared to manufacture intravenous therapy (IV). These composites prepared by adding Magnesium oxide nano powder (MgO NPs) with a different percent (3, 6, and 9 wt %) to Silicone rubber (SR). The activity of this antibacterial material was inspected against S. aureus and E.coli microorganisms by using Agar Well Diffusion method.
 Results showed that the addition of MgO NPs to SiR causes the following enhancement the antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus by 7.1% and 27.1% respectively, increasing tensile strength by 65.5%, increasing the hardness by11.25%, increasing the wear resistance by 84.5%, increasing surface bearing index (Sbi) by 80.5% , increasing in core fluid retention (Sci) by 8.5%, decreasing surface roughness (Sa) by 65%, decreasing core roughness depth (Sk) by 67% and enhancement the wettability by decreases contact angle to minimum value.

Characterisation of nano magnesia–cement-reinforced seashore soft soil by direct-shear test

In this study, the mechanical behaviour of nano magnesia–cement-reinforced seashore soft soil (NmC3S) was evaluated and characterised by the direct-shear testing of seashore soft soil (3S), cement reinforced seashore soft soil (C3S) and NmC3S. The comparison among these three types of soils indicates that NmC3S has greater shear strength and deformation modulus than C3S and 3S. The shear stress of both C3S and NmC3S increase significantly prior to a shear displacement of 1.0 mm, followed by a sharp decline before reaching the critical state. The failure displacement increases as the applied normal stress increases. NmC3S demonstrated greater friction angle than both C3S and 3S; however, the magnitude of its cohesion lies between that of C3S and 3S. Moreover, a mathematical model that describes the shear stress–displacement curve was proposed, which can effectively model the strain-hardening and strain-softening curves of these three types of clays. Finally, a generalised formula for capturing the stress–displacement behaviour of these three materials is presented with the explanations for the physical meaning of each parameter.

Nano-magnesium oxide as hard template synthesis of lignin carbonbased solid acids and its application for cellulose hydrolysis

In comparison with templates of zeolites and silica, a template of nano-magnesium oxide (nano-MgO) has some unique advantages. Namely, it is easily removed by dilute noncorrosive acid solution, is recyclable for nano-MgO precursors, and has tunable pore size by selecting various nano-MgO precursors. In this study, the nano-MgO as a hard template synthesis of lignin carbon-based solid acids catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After using nano-MgO as a hard template, the resulting nano-MgO mesoporous carbon-based solid acids (MLCSAs) presented a uniform porous morphology and the smooth surface became rough. When the carbonization temperature was 400°C, the catalytic activity of MLCSAs for the hydrolytic reaction of cellulose was greater than lignin carbon-based solid acids (LCSAs) without nano-MgO as a hard template.

Synthesis of (Polymer blend-MgO) Nanocomposites and Studying Electrical Properties for Piezoelectric Application

Nanocomposites prepared by casting method with different percentages of nano magnesium oxide (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6) wt%.The structural and electrical properties of (PAA-CMC-MgO) nanocomposites were studied.The experimental results of Scanning electron microscopy shows the surface morphology of the (PAA-CMC-MgO) nanocomposites where many aggregates or chunks randomly distributed on the top surface, homogeneous and coherent.The D.C electrical conductivity for (PAA-CMC-MgO) nanocomposites increased with increasing of temperature and magnesium oxid nanoparticles concentration, while activation energy decreases with increasing of the magnesium oxid nanoparticles concentration.The A.C electrical properties show that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the nanocomposites decrease with increasing the frequency of applied electrical field and they increase with the increase of the concentration of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with increasing the concentration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and also increases with the increase frequency, as well as almost constant at high frequency.The results of sensor application showed that the electrical resistance of (PAA-CMC-MgO) nanocomposite decreases with increases in pressure.

Synthesis of (Polymer blend-MgO) Nanocomposites and Studying Electrical Properties for Piezoelectric Application

Nanocomposites prepared by casting method with different percentages of nano magnesium oxide (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6) wt%.The structural and electrical properties of (PAA-CMC-MgO) nanocomposites were studied.The experimental results of Scanning electron microscopy shows the surface morphology of the (PAA-CMC-MgO) nanocomposites where many aggregates or chunks randomly distributed on the top surface, homogeneous and coherent.The D.C electrical conductivity for (PAA-CMC-MgO) nanocomposites increased with increasing of temperature and magnesium oxid nanoparticles concentration, while activation energy decreases with increasing of the magnesium oxid nanoparticles concentration.The A.C electrical properties show that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the nanocomposites decrease with increasing the frequency of applied electrical field and they increase with the increase of the concentration of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with increasing the concentration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and also increases with the increase frequency, as well as almost constant at high frequency.The results of sensor application showed that the electrical resistance of (PAA-CMC-MgO) nanocomposite decreases with increases in pressure.

Green engineered nano MgO and ZnO doped with Sm3+: Synthesis and a comparison study on their characterization, PC activity and electrochemical properties

Structural, photocatalytic, photoluminescence and electrochemical activities of rare earth (RE) metal ions (Samarium (Sm3+)) doped Magnesium oxide (MgO) and Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by using Cicer artinum powder as a fuel via green solution combustion method were discussed in detail. The synthesized NPs were found to have an average crystal size of around 25 nm as established by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The semiconductor behavior has been confirmed by the study of energy band gap via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The conductivity of the samples was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was observed that on 378 and 398 nm excitation of both the samples, it emits yellow and white radiation resonating with the ideal white light. The Rare Earth (RE) doped NPs have been applied as a novel photocatalyst for removal of rodhamin-B (rh-B) and malachite green (MG) dyes. The release of OH radicals played a crucial role in dye degradation; its extent depending on the chemical structure and photocatalyst dosage. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) was found to be maximum for MgO:Sm3+ (0.1 mol %) under UV light and ZnO:Sm3+ (1 mol %) under sunlight.

Nano MgO catalyst for chemical depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

This paper focuses firstly on the production of monomers bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and oligomers by using two different form of MgO light active and Nano Magnesium oxide with different weight ratio (0.15, 0.25 and 0.5) by using chemical recycling glass condenser at 190 ˚C. The second purpose is to study the effect of catalyst ratio, time of reaction and yield of products of the product. Elemental analysis for Carbon –Hydrogen and Nitrogen (CHN), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been investigated. Results indicated the catalytic activity was found to correlate with surface area; however, LA MgO has shown an exceptional activity, still it is higher than Nano MgO in order to reduce the reaction time till 30 minutes instead of 7 hours without catalyst. The analysis of the thermograms has indicated the presence of various kinds of monomer, dimer and oligomers that are formed during the recycling; this is particularly evident due to new peaks indicating the formation of BHET monomer and oligomer of lower molecular masses.

Protection of 18th century paper using antimicrobial nano-magnesium oxide

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have attracted considerable interest as antimicrobial agents in a wide variety of applications. We report a simple synthetic route towards MgO NPs (average diameter 10 nm) possessing potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Detailed electron microscopy studies show how these particles induce oxidative stress, cell membrane leakage and cell death in bacteria at low NP concentrations, but remain non-toxic to eukaryotic cells. Applying a homogeneous dispersion of these nanoparticles on 18th century paper proved to be a highly effective means of preventing bacterial colonisation without altering the appearance of the paper samples, thus opening the doors to the use of these colourless, low-cost, and scalable nanoparticles for preventing biodeterioration in a range of paper-based objects and surfaces.

Surface modification of Fe2O3 and MgO nanoparticles with agrowastes for the treatment of chlorosis in Glycine max

Surface modification of nanoparticles for biological applications is receiving enormous interest among the research community due to the ability to alchemy the toxic nanoparticles into biocompatible compounds. In this study, the agrowastes of Moringa oleifera and Coriandrum sativum were used to surface modify the magnesium oxide nanoparticles and ferric oxide nanoparticles respectively. The agrowaste amended magnesium oxide nano particles (AMNP) and agrowaste amended ferric oxide nanoparticles (AFNP) were characterized using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transformed-infra red spectroscope to justify the formation and surface modification of nanoparticles with the organic functional groups from the agro wastes. The surface modified nano particles were tested for their biocompatibility and ability to treat the chlorosis in Glycine max. On comparison between the two metal based nanoparticles, AMNP exhibited better chlorosis treating ability than the AFNP. Both the nano particles showed increased potency at minimal amount, 30 μg and the higher concentrations till 125 μg exhibited down run of the potency which was again enhanced from 250 μg of nanoparticle treatment to plants. Further the surface modified nanoparticles were assessed for biocompatibility on human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell line which proved that the cell lines are non-toxic to normal human cells. The size of the particles and the concentration is suggested to be responsible for the effective chlorosis treatment and the organic functional groups responsible for the reduction of toxicity of the particles to the plants.

Mechanical properties and microstructural investigation of polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets/ nano-magnesium oxide composites

Polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets composites reinforced with a low concentration of nano-magnesia have been successfully fabricated, using injection molding machine. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the composites were investigated, in the present study. The XRD patterns of the composites showed the peaks of xGnP and n-MgO, where the intensity of the xGnP peaks became stronger with increasing the concentration of xGnP added into polypropylene matrix. In addition, the SEM micrographs revealed a good dispersion of fillers within the matrix. The results showed that increasing the amount of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets up to 10 wt. % resulted in increasing the composite flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness up to 35% and 91%, 6.7%, respectively, compared to the monolithic polypropylene.

Optical, biological and catalytic properties of ZnO/MgO nanocomposites derived via Musa paradisiaca bract extract

In this work, magnesium oxide (MgO) nano rice and ZnO/MgO nanocomposite was fabricated using hybrid phytochemical assisted hydrothermal route. The MgO nano rice was obtained using the phytoconstituents extracted from the Musa paradisiaca bract extract (MPBE). Then the similar strategy was used to incorporate ZnO nanospheres on the surface of MgO nanorice. The UV–visible absorption spectra of the synthesized MgO and ZnO/MgO nanocomposite exhibit the absorption spectrum at 270 and 363 nm, respectively. The functional biomolecules responsible for the reduction of nanostructures have been probed using Fourier transform-infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and the surface topographical images revealed the successful inclusion of ZnO on the surface of MgO nanoparticles. The fabricated nanostructures have been evaluated for their free radical quenching effect and catalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and O-nitrophenol (O-Nip). The ZnO/MgO nanocomposite has higher free radicals trapping efficacy than the pure MgO (69%) nanoparticles with maximum inhibition of 82%. In all cases, the catalytic activity of ZnO/MgO nanocomposite was found to be higher than the pure MgO owing to the combined effect of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles with degradation efficiency of 96%, 91%, and 93% for MO, MB, and O-Nip at 14, 12, and 9 min. Hence this study highlights the use of M. paradisiaca bract for effective fabrication of multifaceted ZnO/MgO nanocomposite that acts as a potential candidate to resolve the diverse problem.

Nano-magnesium oxide reinforced polylactic acid biofilms for food packaging applications

This study is aimed at producing biofilms by reinforcement of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) nanoparticles in polylactic acid (PLA) biopolymer using the solvent casting method. In this study MgO nanoparticles (up to 4wt%) were reinforced in PLA biopolymer and their key mechanical, barrier, thermal and antibacterial properties were investigated for food packaging applications. Among the prepared biocomposite films, the 2wt% reinforced PLA films showed the maximum improvement in tensile strength and oxygen barrier properties (up to 29% and 25% respectively) in comparison to pristine PLA films. However, the water vapor barrier properties decreased by nearly 25% due to interfacial behavior and presence of free volumes near MgO nanoparticles. PLA/MgO films also exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy. The 2wt% biofilms caused progressive damage and death of nearly 46% of E. coli bacterial culture after 12h treatment. The produced films are transparent, capable of screening UV radiations and exhibit superior antibacterial efficacy making them an excellent food packaging material.

Investigation of organic solvents assisted nano magnesium oxide nanoparticles and their structural, morphological, optical and antimicrobial performance

Investigation on the structural, morphological, optical studies and antimicrobial performance of organic solvent assisted magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are in 16–18 nm of grain size prepared by sol–gel method. The XRD studies shows as synthesized products are in cubic phase with periclase structurer. The well disperesd spherical morphology were obtained in SEM and TEM. The organic solvent methanol had profound effects on the size of the nano particles. The optical absorption edge energy was present in UV region and the corresponding band gap energy values are 4.5 and 4.9 eV for water with ethanol and methanol mediated MgO sample respectively. The PL emission spectrum has a emission peak at 340 and 353 nm which is due to surface defects. The obtained MgO nanoparticles showed superior antimicrobial activities for the gram positive, gram negative and fungus strains using the ELISA reader at 450 nm.

Efficiency of sono-nano-catalytic process of magnesium oxide nano particle in removal of penicillin G from aqueous solution

Efficiency of sono-nano-catalytic process of magnesium oxide nano particle in removal of penicillin G from aqueous solution

Analysis of MgO Nano Particles and Its Deposition on Steel by Cold Spray Process

In the present scenario, steel has become an important part of industry due to its extensive applications in automotive, household appliances, business machine and heavy construction such as marine and chemical industries. Magnesium oxide nano particles are odourless and nontoxic. They possess high hardness, high purity and a high melting point. It is the popular material used in the applications automotive, aerospace, sports equipment, and electronics industries. Heat treated mild steel at 800˚C shows rough surface roughness and shows fine surface when compared with 600˚C. Surface roughness is higher after deposition of MgO nano particles on mild steel at 800˚C when compared with 600˚C. Surface roughness is low after deposition of MgO nano particles on mild steel at 600˚ C when compared with base metal. The hardness of the base metal is low when compared with heat treated mild steel at 600˚C. Heat treated mild steel at 800˚C shows high hardness when compared with base metal. The hardness of the coated sample at 600˚C is moderate when compared with base metal due to deposition of MgO nano particles on mild steel. When compared with base metal the coated sample at 800˚C shows high hardness because of maximum deposition of MgO nano particles on mild steel. The hardness is high after coating nano particles on mild steel at 800˚C.

Synthesis of magnesium oxide nanopowder via plasma processing route

We describe a less time consuming and scalable thermal plasma process for the synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. In this process, argon is used as the plasmagen gas to form argon plasma. In the presence of argon plasma magnesite powder was decomposed to form nano magnesia within ten minutes. This as-synthesised magnesia has been analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) for phase, morphology and presence of surface functional groups, respectively. The phase and average crystallite size of the as-synthesised powder was determined from XRD pattern. Further, Raman spectroscopy was used to observe the phase and phase purity. Finally, the spherical shape of the as-formed magnesia powder was observed using TEM.

Genotoxicity, biochemical, and biodistribution studies of magnesium oxide nano and microparticles in albino wistar rats after 28-day repeated oral exposure.

Increased utilization and exposure levels of Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) to humans and environment may raise unexpected consequences. The goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicological implications of MgO NPs and MPs after 28 day repeated oral administration in Wistar rats with three different doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). The MgO particles were characterised systematically in order to get more insights of the toxicological behaviour. MgO NPs induced significant DNA damage and aberrations in chromosomes. Moreover, hepatic enzymes released into the systemic circulation caused significant elevated levels of physiological enzymes in blood. NPs could interfere with proteins and enzymes and alter the redox balance in cell environment. Significant accumulation of Mg in all tissues and clearance via urine and faeces was noted in size dependent kinetics. Oral administration of MgO NPs altered the biochemical and genotoxic parameters in dose dependent and gender independent manner.