Magnesium Group Research Articles

Os efeitos da lidocaína e do sulfato de magnésio na atenuação da resposta hemodinâmica à intubação orotraqueal: estudo unicêntrico, prospectivo, duplamente encoberto e aleatorizado

Hemodynamic response to airway stimuli is a common phenomenon and its management is important to reduce the systemic repercussions. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate versus lidocaine on this reflex hemodynamics after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.This single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized study evaluated 56 patients ASA 1 or 2, aged 18 to 65 years, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia with intubation. The patients were allocated into two groups: Group F received 30mg·kg-1 of magnesium sulphate and Group L, 2mg·kg-1 of lidocaine, continuous infusion, immediately before the anesthetic induction. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and bispectral index (BIS) were measured in both groups at six different times related to administration of the study drugs.In both groups there was an increase in HR and BP after laryngoscopy and intubation, compared to baseline. Group M showed statistically significant increase in the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure after intubation, which was clinically unimportant. There was no difference in the BIS values between groups. Among patients receiving magnesium sulfate, three (12%) had high blood pressure versus only one among those receiving lidocaine (4%), with no statistical difference.Magnesium sulfate and lidocaine have good efficacy and safety for hemodynamic management in laryngoscopy and intubation.

Magnesium sulfate versus tramadol as adjuvants to local anesthetics in sciatic nerve block for lower extremities surgeries

Background The aim of this study was to compare the effect of addition of tramadol and magnesium sulfate as adjuvants to local anesthetics lidocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.5% in sciatic nerve block classic posterior approach. Patients and methods A total of 90 ASA I or II patients, aged 17–50 years, scheduled for lower extremities surgeries under sciatic nerve block classic posterior approach were randomized into three equal groups. All groups received 20 ml of local anesthetics, which consisted of 10 ml bupivacaine 0.5% and 8 ml lidocaine 2% mixed with 2 ml saline in the control (C) group, 2 ml of 150 mg magnesium sulfate made in saline in the magnesium (M) group, and 2 ml of 100 mg tramadol in the tramadol (T) group. The onset and duration of both sensory and motor blocks, the intraoperative pain assessment by visual analogue scale, intraoperative analgesic requirements, postoperative pain by visual analogue scale, time to first analgesic request after surgery, postoperative diclofinac consumption, and adverse effects were assessed. Results The onsets of sensory and motor blocks were rapid in the M group, then C group, and lastly, T group. Much more time was needed for group T until sensory and motor blocks faded away followed by group M and then group C. There was a significant delay in the time of first analgesic request in groups M and T when compared with group C. There was a significant decrease in the total dose of diclofinac consumption in groups T and M in comparison with group C, where the patients consumed more analgesia. Conclusion Magnesium sulfate and tramadol as adjuncts to local anesthetics increase the duration of sensory and motor sciatic nerve block. The time for first rescue analgesia was longer in groups M and T, and they both showed decreased postoperative analgesic consumption.

Magnesium Replacement Improves the Metabolic Profile in Obese and Pre-Diabetic Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease: A 3-Month, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Background/Aims: Magnesium is an essential mineral for many metabolic functions. There is very little information on the effect of magnesium supplementation on metabolic profiles of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of magnesium supplementation on metabolic profiles of pre-diabetic, obese and mild-to-moderate CKD patients with hypomagnesemia. Methods: A total of 128 hypomagnesemic, pre-diabetic and obese patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 90 and 30 ml/min/1.73m² were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients in the magnesium group received 365 mg of oral magnesium (n = 57) once daily for 3 months, while patients in the control group received a placebo (n = 61), also once daily for 3 months. Hypomagnesemia is defined by a serum magnesium level <1.8 mg/dl in males and <1.9 mg/dl in females; obesity is defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m²; and pre-diabetes is defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥100 but <126 mg/dl. The primary end point of the study was the change in insulin resistance measured by the homeostastic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: At the end of follow-up, insulin resistance (-24.5 vs. -8.2%, P = 0.007), HOMA-IR index (-31.9 vs. -3.3%, P < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (-6.6 vs. -0.16%, P < 0.001), insulin (-29.6 vs. -2.66%, P < 0.001), waist circumference (-4.8 vs. 0.55%, P < 0.001) and uric acid (-0.8 vs. 2.2%, P = 0.004) were significantly decreased in terms of mean changes; albumin (0.91 vs. -2.91%, P = 0.007) and magnesium (0.21 ± 0.18 vs. -0.04 ± 0.05 mg/dl, P < 0.001) were significantly increased in those taking magnesium compared with a placebo. The decrease in metabolic syndrome (-10.5 vs. -4.9%, P = 0.183), obesity (-15.7 vs. -8.2%, P = 0.131), pre-diabetes (-17.5 vs. -9.8%, P = 0.140), and systolic (-5.0 ± 14.8 vs. 0.22 ± 14.9 mm Hg, P = 0.053) and diastolic (-3.07 ± 9.7 vs. 0.07 ± 9.6 mm Hg, P = 0.071) blood pressure did not achieve to a significant level after study. Conclusion: Our data support the argument that magnesium supplementation improves the metabolic status in hypomagnesemic CKD patients with pre-diabetes and obesity.

Postoperative Sore Throat Prevention in Ambulatory Surgery: A Comparison between Preoperative Aspirin and Magnesium Sulfate Gargle - A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study.

Background:Postoperative sore throat (POST) frequently hampers the positive feedback of ambulatory surgery in spite of so many measures. This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of preoperative magnesium sulfate and aspirin gargle in preventing POST after ambulatory surgery.Materials and Methods:It was a prospective, randomized, and double-blinded study. Fifty-six adult patients of either sex, aged 25–50, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II, scheduled for day care surgery, were randomly allocated to Group A ([n = 28] receiving aspirin gargle [325 mg tablet]) and Group M ([n = 28] receiving magnesium sulfate [20 mg/kg] gargle). In both groups, the medications were made into 20 mL of (5% dextrose) solution. Patients were asked to gargle with this mixture for 30 s, 15 min before induction of anesthesia. Episodes of POST were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 16 h postoperatively with a four-point scale.Results:Both groups had a similar demographic profile with comparable oxygen saturation, hemodynamics, and consciousness status at immediate postoperative period. Number of patients with sore throat was significantly lower in magnesium group compared to aspirin group at 0 h (P = 0.0376), 2 h (P = 0.0429), 4 h (P = 0.0394) after the operation. POST pain score (visual analog scale) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in magnesium group compared to aspirin group after the operation at 0, 2, 4 h after operation.Conclusion:It is evident that preoperative magnesium sulfate gargle significantly attenuated the incidence and severity of POST, especially in the early postoperative period, with no adverse effects in patients undergoing day care surgery under general anesthesia.

Experience of low dose magnesium Sulphate for the management of Eclampsia and its comparison with Pritchard regime

Objectives: To study the effectiveness, side effects, maternal and perinatal outcome, using low dose Magnesium sulphate and to compare the results with Pritchard regime. Methods: Thirty women with eclampsia aged between 25 to 35 years were prospectively studied over two years at M.G.M hospital &amp; research center, Patna, Bihar. Study was designed into Group A who received low dose magnesium sulphate regime (n=15) and Group B who received standard Pritchard regime (n=15). Results: Groups were compared with respect to type of eclampsia, amount of dose of Magnesium sulphate and Signs of Toxicity of Magnesium sulphate. Magnesium sulphate received was 23gm in Group A and 44 gms in Group B and dose related toxicity was less in Group A. Perinatal morbidity and mortality was higher with Pritchard regime compared to low dose Magnesium sulphate regime. Conclusion: Low dose Magnesium sulphate is as effective as conventional full dose Pritchard regime with lesser side effects with equally good perinatal outcome.

Serum Magnesium and Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Background and Aim: The study aimed to investigate the potential contributing effect of serum magnesium on mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: The patients receiving regular MHD in March 2013 were involved. Baseline data including clinical data, anthropometrics and biochemical measurement were collected. After being followed for 36 months, the time of death and reason were recorded. Results: One hundred and thirty-five MHD patients were enrolled in the study and analyzed, with mean serum magnesium of 1.11 ± 0.15 mmol/l. The level of serum magnesium in 64 patients was normal (47.4%), and it was elevated in 71 of the 135 patients (52.6%). And none of MHD patients had hypomagnesemia. The levels of serum albumin (Alb), urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), uric acid and phosphorus were significantly higher, but high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and lipoprotein A were significantly lower in hypermagnesemia group compared to the normal serum magnesium group (p < 0.05). Serum Alb, serum Cr, serum phosphorus and Hs-CRP were related factors of hypermagnesemia by multivariate logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). During the 36 months of follow-up, 27 patients died (20.0%), of whom 55.6% died of cardiovascular (CV) events. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that cumulative incidence of CV mortality were significantly higher in the normal serum magnesium group than in the hypermagnesemia group (p = 0.027); however, there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Serum magnesium was elevated, which was related with nutrition and inflammation markers including serum Alb, serum Cr, serum phosphorus and Hs-CRP. Lower serum magnesium is a risk factor of CV mortality in MHD patients. Intervention studies are needed to clarify whether magnesium supplementation is beneficial for improving patient prognosis, when MHD patients had inflammatory and malnutrition.

Effects of lidocaine and magnesium sulfate in attenuating hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation: single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized study

Background and objectivesHemodynamic response to airway stimuli is a common phenomenon and its management is important to reduce the systemic repercussions. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate versus lidocaine on this reflex hemodynamics after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. MethodsThis single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized study evaluated 56 patients ASA 1 or 2, aged 18–65 years, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia with intubation. The patients were allocated into two groups: Group F received 30mg·kg−1 of magnesium sulphate and Group L, 2mg·kg−1 of lidocaine, continuous infusion, immediately before the anesthetic induction. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and bispectral index (BIS) were measured in both groups at six different times related to administration of the study drugs. ResultsIn both groups there was an increase in HR and BP after laryngoscopy and intubation, compared to baseline. Group M showed statistically significant increase in the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure after intubation, which was clinically unimportant. There was no difference in the BIS values between groups. Among patients receiving magnesium sulfate, three (12%) had high blood pressure versus only one among those receiving lidocaine (4%), with no statistical difference. ConclusionMagnesium sulfate and lidocaine have good efficacy and safety for hemodynamic management in laryngoscopy and intubation.

Status of serum magnesium in Egyptian children with type 1 diabetes and its correlation to glycemic control and lipid profile.

Diabetes mellitus has been suggested to be the most common metabolic disorder associated with magnesium deficiency, having 25% to 39% prevalence. This deficit could be associated with the development of late diabetic complications, especially macroangiopathy.We aimed to evaluate the status of serum Mg in children with type 1 diabetes and assess its relation to glycemic control and lipid profile.We included 71 Egyptian children with type 1diabetes having their follow-up at Pediatric Endocrinology outpatient clinic, Zagazig University Hospital and 71 age- and sex-matched control. We measured Serum magnesium, HbA1c, and lipid profile in all study subjects.Diabetic children had significantly lower serum magnesium level compared to control children (1.83 ± .27 mg/dL in diabetic children versus 2.00 ± .16 mg/dL in control children). Taking cut-off level of serum magnesium <1.7 mg/dL for definition of hypomagnesemia, hypomagnesemia was detected in 28.2% of diabetic children compared to 9.9% of control children. In diabetic patients, there was statistically significant difference in HbA1c between hypomagnesemic and normomagnesemic group being higher in the low magnesium group, as it is mean ± SD was 11.93 ± 3.17 mg/dL in group I versus 8.92 ± 0.93 mg/dL in the normomagnesemic group. Serum magnesium was found to be positively correlated with HDL (P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with age, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and duration of diabetes (P < 0.001).We concluded that total serum magnesium was frequently low in Egyptian children with type 1 diabetes and it is correlated with HbA1c and with lipid profile. Hypomagnesemia was more evident in patients with poor diabetic control and those with higher atherogenic lipid parameters. We suggest that low serum magnesium may be included in pathogenesis of poor glycemic control and abnormal lipid profile in children with type 1 diabetes. We need to perform further studies on giving magnesium supplements in diabetic children with hypomagnesemia to observe the effect of correction of serum magnesium on glycemic control, lipid profile, and the risk of diabetic complications.

Magnesium sulphate attenuates acute postoperative pain and increased pain intensity after surgical injury in staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundWe evaluated the effect of magnesium sulphate on increased pain in 44 patients undergoing staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MethodsThe magnesium group (n=22) and the control group (n=22) received magnesium sulphate and isotonic saline, respectively, throughout the surgery. Postoperative pain (visual analogue scale, VAS) at rest and the amounts of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA, fentanyl) and rescue analgesia (ketoprofen) administered during the first 48 h were compared between the two groups and within each group between the first and second TKA. ResultsThe VAS scores were significantly higher in the control group than in the magnesium group not only after the first TKA [29 (11) vs 19 (9) at 24 h and 33 (8) vs 24 (10) at 48 h; P=0.001] but also after the second TKA [44 (17) vs 20 (10) at 24 h and 43 (14) vs 25 (10) at 48 h; P<0.001]. In the control group, VAS scores were significantly higher for the second than for the first operated knee [44 (17) vs 29 (11) at 24 h and 43 (14) vs 33 (8) at 48 h; P<0.001 and P=0.006, respectively]. In the magnesium group, there were no significant differences in VAS scores between the first and second TKA. Magnesium significantly reduced the amounts of rescue analgesics and fentanyl administered over the first 48 h postoperatively. ConclusionsMagnesium sulphate administration significantly reduced postoperative pain and minimized the difference in pain intensity between the first and second operations. Clinical trial registrationKCT0001361.

Effects of Intraoperative Magnesium Sulfate Administration on Postoperative Tramadol Requirement in Liver Transplantation: A Prospective, Double-Blind Study.

Magnesium is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blocker and is known to have analgesic effect. Hypomagnesemia can often be seen in liver transplantation and may be associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of intraoperative magnesium sulfate administration on postoperative tramadol requirement in liver transplant patients. Liver transplant patients >18 years of age were screened prospectively from October 2014 to April 2015. Of these, 35 randomly selected patients with normal blood magnesium level (≥1.8 mmol/L) were included in a control group and another 35 randomly selected patients with low magnesium level (<1.8 mmol/L) were given 50 mg/kg intravenous magnesium sulfate replacement in the last 30 minutes of the operation. All patients received standard anesthesia induction and maintenance. Patient's age, sex, body mass index, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, 24-hour tramadol requirement, mechanical ventilation duration, and time of 1st tramadol need were recorded. In the magnesium group, mean 24-hour total tramadol requirement (3.7 mg/kg/d) and duration of mechanical ventilation (6.3 h) were significantly lower and time of 1st tramadol need (17.5 h) was significantly higher than in the control group (P< .001 for each). In the multivariate analysis, duration of mechanical ventilation was decreased by the usage of magnesium sulfate (P< .001). Intraoperative use of magnesium sulfate in liver transplantation reduces the need for postoperative tramadol and duration of mechanical ventilation and therefore it is a candidate to be adjuvant agent.

Effect of magnesium and selenium on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-20 and kallikrein 4 in fluorosis mice

To study the effect of magnesium/selenium on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-20(MMP-20) and kallikrein 4(KLK4) during fluorosis in mice and to explore the formation mechanism of dental fluorosis. Eighty SPF male ICR mice were randomly divided into 8 groups according to body weight: control group, magnesium group, selenium group, magnesium-selenium group, fluoride group, magnesium-fluorine group, selenium-fluorine group and magnesium-selenium-fluorine group. Mice in control, magnesium, selenium and magnesium-selenium groups were fed double steamed water, and mice in the other four groups were feddouble steamed water with 50 mg/L F(-). Mice in control and fluoride groups were fed conventionally. Mice in magnesium and magnesium-fluorine groups were fed conventionally by adding MgSO4·7H2O 162.5 mg/kg. Mice in selenium and selenium-fluorine groups were fed conventionally by adding Na2SeO3·5H2O 2 mg/kg. Mice in magnesium-selenium and magnesium-selenium-fluorine groups were fed conventionally by adding MgSO4·7 H2O 162.5 mg/kg + Na2SeO3·5H2O 2 mg/kg. Incisor specimens were obtained after the mice were put into death when they were 42 days. The expressions of MMP-20 and KLK4 were observed by using immunohisto-chemicalstain. The meangray value of MMP-20 of fluoride group(133.1±10.3) was significantly higher than that of control group(116.8±10.0), magnesium group (113.6 ± 9.6), magnesium-selenium group(108.2 ± 15.2), magnesium-fluorine group(111.1 ± 8.1) and magnesium-selenium-fluorine group(108.2 ± 11.0), respectively(F=3.864, P<0.05). The mean gray value of MMP-20 of magnesium-selenium-fluorine group(108.2±11.0) was significantly lower than that of selenium group(125.4 ± 7.9), fluoride group (133.1 ± 10.3) and selenium-fluorine group(126.2 ± 2.8), respectively(F= 3.864, P<0.05). The mean gray value of KLK4 of magnesium-selenium group(117.2±11.7) was significantly lower than others(137.3±7.9 of control group, 144.2±7.7 of magnesium group, 138.9±13.3 of selenium group, 149.7 ± 12.4 of fluoride group, 148.9 ± 7.5 of magnesium-fluorine group, 140.6 ± 17.0 of selenium-fluorine group and 140.7 ± 7.3 of magnesium-selenium-fluorine group, F=3.668, P<0.05). In factorial analysis of fluorosis mice, magnesium had effect on the expression of MMP-20(F=42.613, P<0.05), selenium had effect on the expression of KLK4(F=6.649, P<0.05). The excessive fluoride could inhibit the expressions of MMP-20. The excessive fluoride hadno significant influence on the expression of KLK4. Magnesium and selenium had antagonistic effect on the dental fluorosis.

Abstract PR315

Background & Objectives: Background: Magnesium (Mg) is a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with antinociceptive effects. At high doses, perioperative intravenous magnesium sulfate has been reported to potentiate muscle relaxation and to reduce postoperative morphine consumption. When magnesium sulfate is co-administered with propofol, it potentiates the anesthetic effect and NMDA antagonism of propofol. These characteristics of magnesium (anesthetic- and analgesic-sparing effect) enable anesthesiologists to reduce the use of anesthetics during surgery and the use of analgesics after surgery. Thus Effective postoperative analgesia may facilitate recovery and reduce morbidity in surgical patients by blunting autonomic, somatic, and endocrine reflexes.Objective: double-blind prospective study to evaluate the effects of magnesium sulphate on anaesthetic requirements and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing urologic surgery. Materials & Methods: 28 patients who underwent urologyc surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Before induction of anaesthesia, the magnesium group (Group M) received magnesium sulphate 30 mg /kg i.v. as a bolus and then 15 mg/kg/h i.v. by continuous infusion. The control group (Group S) received the same amount of isotonic saline. After operation, patient-controlled analgesia with a solution of ketorolac and morphine was used and the consumption of this solution was recorded. Pain scores at rest and upon movement were evaluated 30 min, 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery. All patients were induced by fentanyl (2 μg/kg), propofol (1.5-2 mg/kg) and rocuronium in a dose of (0.6 mg/kg) to facilitate tracheal intubation. This was followed by continuous infusion of propofol (6-10mg/kg/h) and fentanyl (1-2 μg/kg/h). Results: Results showed that total consumptions of fentanyl, propofol and rocuronium were significantly less (P < 0.05) in magnesium group when compared to control group. Postoperative pain score as well as total analgesic requirement of morphine was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in magnesium group compared to control group. Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate reduces the total anesthetic and analgesic requirements and improved the quality of postoperative analgesia. Disclosure of Interest: None declared

Study of coenzyme Q10 in the liver of preeclampsia pregnant rats

To investigate the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the liver of preeclampsiapregnant rats and the potential etiology. Fifty pregnant SD rats were equally divided into the normal pregnant (NP) group (n=10) and the preeclampsia (PE) group (n=40) randomly. The PE rats (n=40) were equally divided into four groups randomly, distilled water (DW) group, CoQ10 group, CoQ10 combined magnesium(CM) group and magnesium (Mg) group were established by treating the preeclampsia rats on day 15 to 21 of gestation with different measures. As for all the 50 rats, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of rat tail was detected on day 10, 15 and 21 of gestation respectively, 24 hours proteinuria analysis were detected on day 10, 15 and 21 of gestation respectively, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in blood andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malondialdehyde (MDA), caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression in liver tissue were detected by western blot assay on day 21 of gestation. (1) SBP and 24 hours proteinuria analysis: there was no statistic difference among all the five groups on day 10 of gestation (P>0.05). Whereas, SBP and 24 hours proteinuria analysis were significantly higher in CoQ10 group, CoQ10 combined CM group, CM group and DW group than that in NP group on day 15, 21 of gestation (P<0.05). And SBP and 24 hours proteinuria analysis were significantly lower in CoQ10 group, CoQ10 combined CM group and CM group than that in DW group on day 21 of gestation (P<0.05). (2) Liver function: among CoQ10 group, CoQ10 combined CM group, CM group, DW group and NP group, serum levels of ALT were respectively (52±7) , (34±9) , (49±10) , (70±19) , (30±7) U/L; and serum levels of AST were respectively (169±25) , (84±11) , (159±20) , (281±26) and (78±18) U/L. ALT and AST serum levels were significantly higher in CoQ10 group, CM group and DW group than that in NP group (P<0.05). ALT and AST serum levels were significant lower in CoQ10 combined CM group than those in CoQ10 group, CM group and DW group, respectively (P<0.05). ALT and AST serum levels were significant lower in CoQ10 group and CM group than that in DW group, respectively (P<0.05). (3) SOD, GSH-PX, MDA, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax expression in liver tissue of rats: SOD expression was significant higher in CoQ10 group, CoQ10 combined CM group than thoes in CM group, DW group and NP group (P<0.05) ; SOD expression was significant lower in CM group, DW grouo than thoes in NP group (P<0.05) ; and SOD expression was significant higher in CM group than that in DW group (P<0.05) . Compared with CoQ10 group, CoQ10 combined CM group, CW group and DW group respectively, the GSH-PX and Bcl-2 protein expressions were significant higher in NP group (P<0.05) , while MDA, caspase-3 and Bax protein expressions were significant lower in NP group (P<0.05) ; compared with CoQ10 group, CoQ10 combined CM group and CW group respectively, the GSH-PX and Bcl-2 protein expressions were significant lower in DW group (P<0.05) , while MDA, caspase-3 and Bax protein expressions were significant higher in DW group (P<0.05) . Oxidative stress and apoptosis levles were upregulated in PE pregnant liver tissues. CoQ10 could effectively protect the liver by improving the liver functions and decreasing the apoptosis of liver cells in PE pregnant rats, and markedly decrease the oxidative stress and apoptosis in the livers. The protective roles of CoQ10 in liver might through its function of anti-oxidative stress and inhibiting cell apoptosis by regulating the balance of Bcl-2/Bax.

Magnesium sulfate improves postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Study objectiveThe aim of this study is to compare the analgesic effect of intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate to ketorolac during laparoscopic surgeries. DesignDouble-blind randomized controlled trial. SettingUniversity-affiliated teaching hospital. PatientsSixty women submitted to laparoscopic gynecologic oncology surgeries. InterventionsIntravenous ketorolac 30 mg in bolus followed by saline infusion (group K), intravenous magnesium sulfate 20 mg/kg in bolus followed by magnesium 2 mg kg−1 h−1 (group M) or intravenous saline solution 20 mL in bolus followed by saline infusion during the entire procedure (group S). MeasurementsPostoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, sedation, opioid consumption, time to first dose of analgesic. Main resultsMagnesium sulfate reduced opioid consumption compared with placebo in the postoperative, but not in the intraoperative, period. Nausea, not vomiting, was reduced in ketorolac but not in the magnesium group. Pain intensity was higher in placebo than in the other 2 groups during all periods of observation. In the first 60 minutes, pain intensity was lower in the magnesium than in the ketorolac or the placebo group. ConclusionIntraoperative magnesium sulfate improves postoperative pain control, acting as an opioid-sparing adjuvant, and is similar to ketorolac 30 mg administered in the beginning of surgery.

Magnesium sulfate for postoperative analgesia after surgery under spinal anesthesia

BackgroundMagnesium has been proven to have antinociceptive effects in animal and human models of pain. Its effect is primarily based on the regulation of calcium influx into the cell, which is natural physiological calcium antagonism and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism. MethodsOne hundred and eight patients undergoing surgery with spinal anesthesia received either 250 mg of intravenous magnesium sulfate followed by an infusion of 500 mg magnesium sulfate (25 mg/mL) at the rate of 20 mL/hour; or the same volume of normal saline (control group) as bolus and infusion. The primary end-points in the study were to evaluate the analgesic effect and duration of sensory and motor blockade. The secondary end-points included assessment of hemodynamic effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate and rescue analgesia requirement. ResultsSensory and motor blockade, respectively, were 25 minutes and 34 minutes shorter in the control group. Less patients in the magnesium group (33% vs. 53.7%) than in control group required rescue analgesia in the postoperative period. The control group required rescue analgesia nearly 3 hours earlier than the magnesium group. Only one patient in the control group experienced bradycardia. There was no event of intraoperative hypotension in either of the groups. ConclusionIntravenous magnesium sulfate when given as a bolus, followed by an infusion, delayed and decreased the need of rescue analgesics after spinal anesthesia.

Modelling variable dropout in randomised controlled trials with longitudinal outcomes: application to the MAGNETIC study.

BackgroundClinical trials with longitudinally measured outcomes are often plagued by missing data due to patients withdrawing or dropping out from the trial before completing the measurement schedule. The reasons for dropout are sometimes clearly known and recorded during the trial, but in many instances these reasons are unknown or unclear. Often such reasons for dropout are non-ignorable. However, the standard methods for analysing longitudinal outcome data assume that missingness is non-informative and ignore the reasons for dropout, which could result in a biased comparison between the treatment groups.MethodsIn this article, as a post hoc analysis, we explore the impact of informative dropout due to competing reasons on the evaluation of treatment effect in the MAGNETIC trial, the largest randomised placebo-controlled study to date comparing the addition of nebulised magnesium sulphate to standard treatment in acute severe asthma in children. We jointly model longitudinal outcome and informative dropout process to incorporate the information regarding the reasons for dropout by treatment group.ResultsThe effect of nebulised magnesium sulphate compared with standard treatment is evaluated more accurately using a joint longitudinal-competing risk model by taking account of such complexities. The corresponding estimates indicate that the rate of dropout due to good prognosis is about twice as high in the magnesium group compared with standard treatment.ConclusionsWe emphasise the importance of identifying reasons for dropout and undertaking an appropriate statistical analysis accounting for such dropout. The joint modelling approach accounting for competing reasons for dropout is proposed as a general approach for evaluating the sensitivity of conclusions to assumptions regarding missing data in clinical trials with longitudinal outcomes.Trial registrationEudraCT number 2007-006227-12. Registration date 18 Mar 2008.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1342-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Hypomagnesemia Is Associated with Increased Mortality among Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

ObjectiveHypomagnesemia has been associated with an increase in mortality among the general population as well as patients with chronic kidney disease or those on hemodialysis. However, this association has not been thoroughly studied in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum magnesium concentrations and all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in peritoneal dialysis patients.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study included 253 incident peritoneal dialysis patients enrolled between July 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014 and followed to June 30, 2015. Patient’s demographic characteristics as well as clinical and laboratory measurements were collected.ResultsOf 253 patients evaluated, 36 patients (14.2%) suffered from hypomagnesemia. During a median follow-up of 29 months (range: 4–120 months), 60 patients (23.7%) died, and 35 (58.3%) of these deaths were attributed to cardiovascular causes. Low serum magnesium was positively associated with peritoneal dialysis duration (r = 0.303, p < 0.001) as well as serum concentrations of albumin (r = 0.220, p < 0.001), triglycerides (r = 0.160, p = 0.011), potassium (r = 0.156, p = 0.013), calcium(r = 0.299, p < 0.001)and phosphate (r = 0.191, p = 0.002). Patients in the hypomagnesemia group had a lower survival rate than those in the normal magnesium groups (p < 0.001). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, serum magnesium was an independent negative predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.075, p = 0.011) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.003, p < 0.001), especially in female patients. However, in univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, △Mg(difference between 1-year magnesium and baseline magnesium) was not an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionHypomagnesemia was common among peritoneal dialysis patients and was independently associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.

Prevention of reperfusion tachyarrhythmia after CABG: magnesium versus lidocaine

Background Reperfusion tachyarrhythmia after aortic cross-clamp (ACC) release is one of the most commonly encountered complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, and its control may save these patients. Materials and methods Ninety patients who had undergone CABG surgery were enrolled in this study. Patients were assigned randomly to three groups (30 patients each). The lidocaine group (LIDO) group received lidocaine (2 mg/kg) in 100 ml isotonic saline, the magnesium group (MAGN) group received magnesium (30 mg/kg) diluted in 100 ml of an isotonic saline 0.9% solution, and the control group received 100 ml normal saline by a pump circuit 3-5 min before ACC release. Anesthetic management, weaning protocol from cardiopulmonary bypass, was standardized. All the patients were monitored after the release of ACC and electrical rhythms (including ventricular fibrillation and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia) were recorded. Results Incidences of postrelease of ACC and ventricular fibrillation were lower in the lidocaine and magnesium groups compared with the control group [7 (23%), 4 (13%) vs. 11 (36%)] ( P = 0.042). Also, the incidence of an atrioventricular block postrelease ACC was higher in the lidocaine group compared with the magnesium and control groups [7 (23%) vs. 2 (6%) and 3 (10%), respectively] ( P = 0.039). The need for a temporary pace maker was higher in the lidocaine group compared with the magnesium and control groups [7 (23%) vs. 2 (6%) and 1 (3%), respectively] ( P = 0.044). Also, the total duration of ICU stay was shorter in the magnesium group compared with the lidocaine and control groups. Conclusion The administration of lidocaine and magnesium sulfate before the release of ACC reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation. The administration of magnesium shortened the ICU stay in adult patients undergoing CABG surgery by cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the administration of Lidocaine was associated with more transient atrioventricular block.

Effects of epidural magnesium sulphate on intraoperative sufentanil and postoperative analgesic requirements in thoracic surgery patients

Introduction. Thoracic surgery is associated with high levels of pain.Magnesium has antinociceptive effects in animal and human models of pain.Objectives. The aim of this randomized prospective study was to assess the effects of continuous epidural magnesium infusion during thoracic surgery on intraoperative sufentanil consumption and postoperative analgesic requirements during the first 48 hours after surgery.Materials and methods. Seventy patients were randomized into two groups of 35 patients: Group 1 (magnesium group) received an epidural with 10% magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) along with anesthetic drugs(midazolam, propofol, rocuronium, sufentanil, levobupivacain), and group 2 (control group) received an epidural with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution along with anesthetic drugs intraoperatively. Postoperatively, group 1 patients were administered the 10% magnesium sulfate epidural in addition to a local anesthetic and opioid, whereas group 2 patients were administered the local anesthetic and opioid alone. Primary outcomes of the study were to determine the cumulative doses of intraoperatively administered sufentanil and cumulative doses of sufentanil and levobupivacaine administered during the first 48 h postoperatively.Secondary outcomes were a visual analog scale (VAS) score for rest and movement every 4 hours, level of sedation, cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological complications, incidence of postoperative shivering, nausea and vomiting and global patient satisfaction.Results. The cumulative sufentanil dose required intraoperatively was significantly lower in the magnesium group: 43.00 µg vs 56.3 µg ( p = 0.001). VAS scores measured every 4 hours at rest and movement during the first 48 hours postoperatively, cumulative analgesic consumption, incidence of shivering, nausea and vomiting were significantly lower in the magnesium group. The global satisfaction score was significantly higher in the magnesium group (4.3 vs 3.7; p = 0.005).Conclusion. The addition of magnesium in the epidural mixture of sufentanil and levobupivacaine led to more efficient intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, lower sufentanil and levobupivacaine consumption, lower incidence of postoperative shivering, nausea and vomiting. Epidural with magnesium appears to be a useful adjunct to anesthetic drugs, which can exert positive effects on the course and outcome of thoracic surgery patients.

Effect of postnatal magnesium therapy on neonatal seizure in infants with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: a post- hoc subgroup analysis

Background: Magnesium has got both neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effect on developing human brain. A post hoc subgroup analysis was done to determine the effect of magnesium on neonatal seizures in infants with moderate-severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) who received postnatal magnesium therapy for perinatal asphyxia. Methods: Term asphyxiated infants were randomly assigned to receive either magnesium sulphate infusion or placebo within 48 hours of life to maintain serum magnesium levels in neuroprotective range. Short term neurological outcome at discharge was evaluated. The post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of magnesium on neonatal seizures in infants with moderate-severe HIE. All statistical analysis was done through SPSS (version 19.0) for windows and p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Sixty infants were included in magnesium and 60 in placebo group. Both groups were similar in baseline characteristics. Of 36 infants in magnesium group with moderate to severe HIE, 25 (69%) had neonatal seizures vs 27 (82%) of 33 infants in placebo group (p value 0.23). Among those with seizures, seizure control was achieved with single anticonvulsant in 24 infants (96%) in magnesium group vs 20 (74%) in placebo (p value 0.02). Seizures got controlled early in magnesium group compared to placebo, 36.5 hours vs 55 hours (p value 0.02). At discharge, anticonvulsant was required for 2 infants in magnesium group and 3 in placebo group. Conclusions: Postnatal magnesium therapy as a neuroprotective agent in moderate-severe HIE may decrease the duration of clinical seizures and need for multiple anticonvulsants during the critical period of neuronal damage.