Magic Word Research Articles

The Magic Word is Integration

To make a city truly smart it’s necessary to integrate the control of as many aspects of it as possible on a single platform

Problems in Teaching English in Indian Classrooms: Issues and Remedies

This paper examines the present status of English as a second language in India. It defines language and identifies the factors that affect second language learning. It discusses different problems faced by learners of English and what is the right way of language acquisition for second language learners in India. Language acts as an instrument to express effectively in various communicative situations. However, it is the very second language which requires a conscious and diligent, systematic efforts to acquire or master it. Second language acquisition is really a big challenge for all native speakers of that language who really deal with it. The majority of Indian students, particularly from rural pockets, especially in the states of Bihar, eastern U.P. and Maharashtra, consider this seven –letter word as a magical and mystical word. A feeling of uneasiness sets in, the moment they hear something in English. As a result of this, teachers who handle English classes face insurmountable difficulties. Students find it difficult to listen and to understand the English language. What are the reasons for this? What are the remedial measures to be taken to alleviate these problems? This paper is an attempt to discuss the nature of second language acquisition and the factors responsible for its slow acquisition. Appropriate and adequate remedial measures are cited for the successful rectification of these problems.

Gold lamella for ‘Blessed’ Abalala

This article examines a previously unpublished gold lamella of unknown provenance, datable on palaeographical grounds to the 1st century BCE, give-or-take a half century, either side. The tablet preserves three words written in Greek letters that may contain a GrecoPersian formula of protection in the afterlife for its bearer, Abalala, a name of pre-Islamic extraction. The study compares the formula with those on a number of shorter ‘Orphic’ gold lamellae to show that the tiny piece represents a ‘Totenpaß’ for the beneficent dead, rather than a protective charm (phylactery) with the usual voces magicae, although the distinction between magic words and meaningful text is not always clear in such instances.

A study on the characteristics of totalitarian propaganda in <Binghwa> of Seon-gyu Im

본고는 2019년 한국 연극계에서 있었던, 임선규의 <빙화> 공연 취소 사건을 계기로 다시 수면 위로 떠오른 <빙화>의 친일성 논란에 대해 하나의 견해를 제출하고자 하였다. 이 논문은 <빙화>가 지닌 저항적 요소, 혹은 민족주의적 요소에 대한 긍정적 평가에 대해 반론을 제기하면서 이 작품이 어떻게 이런 평가를 이끌어낼 수 있었는지, 그 극적 전략에 대해 분석해보았다. 이를 위해서 쟈끄 엘륄의 저서, <선전>을 그 분석의 방법론으로 삼았다. 정리하면, 이 논문은 임선규의 <빙화>를 ‘선전’이라는 개념을 통해 분석함으로써 이 작품의 친일성 여부를 새롭게 짚어보고자 하였다. 첫째 이 작품은 증오를 활용한 전복적 선전의 성격을 지니고 있다. <빙화>는 조선인들에게 방화, 살인, 강간을 일삼은 러시아에 대한 증오를 불러일으켜 반공산주의 선전을 함으로써 조선인들의 내면에 잠복되어 있는 공산주의에 대한 호감 등을 전복시키고자 하였다. 둘째 이 작품은 역사적 사실을 활용한 합리적 선전의 성격을 지니고 있다. <빙화>는 1937년에 실시된 러시아의 조선인 강제이주 사건이라는 역사적 사실을 제재로 하여, 합리성의 외장을 한 채 제시되고 있다. 그러나 사실과 증거에 근거한 합리적인 선전을 통해서 선전자가 이끌어내고자 하는 것은 관객들의 비합리적 반응이었다. 그것은 곧 조선인들이 자유주의, 개인주의를 청산하고 내선일체를 수용하는 것이고, 제국의 전쟁에 동참할 것을 유도하기 위한 것이었다. 셋째 이 작품은 멜로드라마를 활용한 통합선전의 성격을 지니고 있다. 통합선전의 목적은 사람들을 사회활동에 동참하게 하는 것을 목표로 한다. 임선규는 당대 관객의 교양 수준을 생각하고 멜로드라마 형식을 통해 관객들의 감수성을 자극하여 그들에게 심리적 동조를 얻어내고, 지식인 주인공을 통해 감정이입을 하게 함으로써 관객들을 총력전에 동참케 하고자 하였다. 이때 운명 조국 형제 등과 같은 민족주의적 단어들은 선전을 위한 마술적 단어들로서 사용되었다. 이 논문은 임선규의 <빙화>가 선동 선전의 세 가지 차원을 고루 실현하고 있는, 그 어떤 작품보다도 강렬하고, 명백한 친일 작품임을 밝히고자 하였다. 소재로서의 러시아 강제 이주 사건은 ‘합리적 선전’을 위한 방법론일 뿐이며, 민족주의적인 의도와는 거리가 멀다는 사실을 제기하고자 한다. 이로써, 작년에 불현듯 제기된 바 있는 <빙화> 논란에 하나의 의견을 더하고자 한다.This paper attempted to submit a point of view on the controversy over the identity of Seon-gyu Im’s “Binghwa,” which resurfaced following the cancellation of its performance in Korean theater in 2019. This paper analyzed the dramatic strategy that pertains to how this work was able to elicit such an evaluation; the paper also puts forth a counter-argument to the positive evaluation of the play’s resistance or nationalist element. Jacques Ellul’s Propaganda was used as an analytical lens. In summary, this paper attempted to reconsider whether Seon-gyu Im’s “Binghwa” reflects pro-Japanese intentions by analyzing it through the concept of propaganda. Firstly, this work uses the emotion of hatred as subversive propaganda. “Binghwa” attempts to overthrow the crushing communism that is hidden within the Korean people by promoting anti-Communist propaganda through the arousal of hatred for Russia via arson, murder, and rape. Secondly, with its utilization of historical facts, the work has the characteristics of rational propaganda. Based on the historical fact of the forced migration of Russians in 1937, “Binghwa” presents a rational exterior ; however, the intention is to use rational propaganda, based on facts and evidence, to elicit an irrational reaction from the audience. This is intended to make Koreans abandon liberalism and individualism, accept internal unity, and participate in the empire’s war. Thirdly, through its use of melodrama, the work has the characteristics of integrated propaganda, which aims to engage people in social activities. Seon-gyu Im’s intention is to involve the audience in an all-out war, which he accomplishes by assessing the audience’s level of sophistication and exploiting audience members’ sensitivity using the melodramatic form in order to elicit their psychological sympathy and encourage them to empathize with the intellectual protagonist. At this point, nationalistic words, such as “destiny,” “nation,” “brothers,” are used as magical words for propaganda. This paper’s thesis attempted to reveal that Seon-gyu Im’s “Binghwa” is a more intense and more clearly pro-Japanese work than any other work that realizes the three dimensions of propaganda. Taking forced migration to Russia as a subject is just a “rational propaganda” method, and I would like to point out that it far from proves nationalistic intentions. Thus, I would like to add one opinion to last year’s unexpected “Binghwa” controversy.

The Digitalization of Socium: Its Side Effects on the Socialization of the Young People

The digitalization of socium has traumatic consequences – affects the consciousness and behavior of the young people which is specifically manifested in their disembedding from the context of social bonds. This presupposes the departure from the historically prescribed social forms and attachments which are parts of the process of the youth’s socialization and education. On the one hand, the youth as a social group is being subjected to the process of fragmentation of society caused by the fact that the educational institutions designed to act as mediators for the interests of the young people lose touch with them leading to an increase in uncertainty in the understanding of basic values. On the other hand – this fragmentation of the society is also promoted by the “digital risk” and “digital metamorphosis of society” which, according to U. Beck, causes a “radical type of individualization”: the young people tend to get rid of institutional relations, attachments to the local cultural context and begin to depend on the consequences of their own risks. The concrete factors of these processes are as follows. The digitalization of society radically changes the socialization of the young people. They have become addicted to “googling”. They rely more not on parents and teachers but on the opinions available from their mobile computers. As a result, the young people, being exposed to the codes of signification of Good and Evil taken from “googling”, become dependent on digital realities that determine the nature of their behavior in which the values of novelty begin to prevail. At the same time, their way of thinking is especially deformed, likened to the functioning of computers. Historically, the younger generation was socially and financially dependent on the older generation which actually caused a conflict between fathers and children. However, the circumstances of life in one socio-cultural space and time settled these contradictions quite successfully. Today the socialization takes on a digital character that is not directly related to the specific socio-cultural worlds of people, their previous status and roles. If socialization usually means the transfer of the values and norms from the older generation to the younger generation that are necessary for entering the existing social and political order, making young people actually social beings, now, according to U. Beck, with socialization there is a metamorphosis: “the young generations, on the contrary, were already born as ‘digital being’. What has been packed into the magic word ‘digital’ has become part of their ‘genetic outfit’” (Beck, 2016: 189). The digitalization of socium that has come into our lives brought social and cultural changes, radically transformed the nature of society and the young people. In my view, the adoption by scientists and then politicians of the integralism of digital and humanistic turns can ensure the transition of civilizations and societies to a fundamentally different trend of development. Our optimistic forecast regarding these opportunities is based on the following assumption: the existing very deep intergenerational conflict is not eternal – it may be forecasted that in a generation it will exhaust itself in the current forms because practically the socialization of all people will assume the mastery of values and norms necessary for the management of becoming socio-techno-natural realities in the humane interests of the mankind.

Implementation of Resilience Engineering for Operating Room. Unveiling the Hidden Interactions among Multi-Professionals in a Surgical Team

Background: The implementation of resilience engineering for an operating room is difficult; however, its study would become important for the surgeon’s personal and surgical team in order to develop a new surgical safety management. An expert operator must perform an operation with his surgical team that includes an anesthetist, scrub nurse, and young assistant. However, there exist some gaps among these multi-professionals. Objective: From the viewpoint of an expert operator, to have an operation go well, we would describe how to reconcile their gaps. We will explain the gaps among the multi-professionals in a surgical team, such as hidden interactions between the operator and anesthetist, surgeon and scrub nurse, and expert operator and young assistant. Material and Methods: We assumed three types of interactions among the multi-professionals in the operating theater and we clarified how to bridge the gaps by revealing what the operator thinks, what the anesthetist thinks, what the scrub nurse thinks, and what the young assistant thinks in the surgical team, and by understanding how they perform during surgery. Outcomes: What the expert operator thinks and how he performs in surgery is summarized by the following three items: 1) safety is first, 2) achieving the operative purpose, and 3) fast surgery. We interviewed the surgical team members. In order for the surgery to go well, what the important thing is “safety first” for any surgical professionals. The sentence, “safety is first” is the magic words, such as “open sesame”. They can communicate with each other on the spot and build the team and system. To develop a strong and resilient surgical team, these four behaviors are important to improve the performance as a system: 1) sharing the same goal and same priority, 2) understanding gaps with clear verbal communication. Coming out from own professional boundaries (takotsubo), speaking in words, 3) all of us, having a strong will (iron heart), and learning anger management, and 4) improvising even in difficult situations. Conclusion: We would like to summarize the items learned from my three described scenes, which are 1) to develop a strong and resilient surgical team, 2) what we have to do, and how we have to perform, and 3) how we can develop a team and system.

The Making of a Marine Biologist: Ed Ricketts

The Making of a Marine Biologist: Ed Ricketts Richard C. Brusca (bio) and T. Lindsey Haskin (bio) Edward F. Ricketts (1897–1948) transformed marine biology on the west coast of North America. And, remarkably, he propelled the emergence of important new perspectives on coastal biology and ecology without ever publishing a professional academic research paper. He played an important role in the emergence of marine ecology as a scientific discipline and a career option for young biologists. Environmentalism, as we know it today, did not exist in the 1930s and 1940s, and the field of ecology itself was still a fairly obscure scientific discipline (Hedgpeth 1978a; Lannoo 2010). Ricketts was engaging with both ecology (the science) and environmentalism (the personal philosophy) at a pivotal point in time. He was a pioneer who explored ecology’s many facets and implications in remarkable ways. His life was a web of interconnectedness and it reflected his view that everyone and everything is inextricably linked to everything else. Ricketts’s impact stems largely from his two landmark books, Between Pacific Tides and Sea of Cortez: A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research, but he and his ideas powerfully influenced many others—including Nobel laureate John Steinbeck and renowned mythologist Joseph Campbell— and his ideas continue to influence scientists, writers, artists, and musicians today. Ed loved teaching, and his ideas and writing continue to teach us, even 72 years after his death. His legacy is inextricably intertwined with that of celebrated author John Steinbeck, with whom he forged a deep friendship and intellectual collaboration grounded in shared ideas about science, art, nature, and humanity that were groundbreaking for their time. An understanding of the intellectual and professional development of either of these great men cannot be achieved without reflecting on their close friendship. [End Page 335] Early Years Ricketts was fascinated by natural history from an early age (Rodger 2002, 2015; Kohrs, this volume). Katharine Rodger (2002) notes that he was, “from birth, a child of intelligence and rare charm…. He began speaking very young and began using whole but simple sentences before he was a year old.” His family lived in Mitchell, South Dakota, during his formative years and he spent much of his time outdoors exploring nature (Rodger 2006). In a letter to D. M. Clay, Ricketts once said, “At the age of six, I was ruined for any ordinary activities when an uncle….gave me some natural history curios and an old zoology textbook. There I saw for the first time those magical and incorrect words, ‘coral insects’ ” (Ricketts, undated, in Rodger 2002). Ricketts’s college education proceeded in fits and starts. He did not consider formal (school) learning a necessity and never graduated from a university. Learning seems to have been his university goal, not degree-getting. Even so, he placed high value on knowledge and learning in general, and passionately drove himself in that direction. His university studies began at Illinois State Normal School in 1915, where he took three courses in zoology before dropping out to “explore the country” and try his hand at various jobs in Texas and New Mexico. According to Joel Hedgpeth (1978b), he left school to “escape” an affair with an older, married woman. In September 1917, the army drafted Ed and he clerked in the Medical Corps at Camp Grant, Illinois. The World War I armistice prompted his March 1919 discharge and he enrolled at the University of Chicago. Like all new college students, Ricketts spent the next two years satisfying academic prerequisites. Then, he dropped out again to “take a walk.” He passed November and December of 1920 strolling from Indianapolis, Indiana, to Savannah, Georgia—a distance of nearly 800 miles—to escape from what John McCosker (1995) claimed was another dalliance with an older, married woman (Hedgpeth 1978a; Rodger 2002). Four years later, Ricketts published an account of that trip in the June 1925 issue of Travel magazine (“Vagabonding through Dixie,” Ricketts 1925). Ricketts returned to the University of Chicago in 1921, taking courses in biology and psychology (Hedgpeth 1995). In the fall of 1922 he took a course from pioneering animal ecologist Warder Clyde Allee, who imbued Ed with...

The degree of Bowen factors and injective codings of diffeomorphisms

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We show that symbolic finite-to-one extensions of the type constructed by O. Sarig for surface diffeomorphisms induce Hölder-continuous <i>conjugacies</i> on large sets. We deduce this from their <i>Bowen property</i>. This notion, introduced in a joint work with M. Boyle, generalizes a fact first observed by R. Bowen for Markov partitions. We rely on the notion of degree from finite equivalence theory and magic word isomorphisms. <p style='text-indent:20px;'>As an application, we give lower bounds on the number of periodic points first for surface diffeomorphisms (improving a result of Sarig) and for Sinaï billiards maps (building on a result of Baladi and Demers). Finally we characterize surface diffeomorphisms admitting a Hölder-continuous coding of all their aperiodic hyperbolic measures and give a slightly weaker construction preserving local compactness.

The Regressive Magic of Words in Psychoanalytic Treatment

Abstract The clinical vignettes evoked in this text open up, I hope, new lines of thinking and reflection, necessary in approaching the following fundamental issue: what does the archaic aspect of the analytic relationship consist of, considered a determining element for the changes and transformations induced by the psychoanalytical protocol? An indispensable question for the deepening of means of evolution for the psychoanalytical technique, directly determined by the diversity of personality structures and defence mechanisms which the method has been confronted with the past years. All the more so that what can be brought to light from the past never represents a faithful witness of the prehistoric age, but rather a heterogeneous product to the extent that every stage of life traversed by the human subject modifies in its turn « primitive » experiences. This is also the reason for which states of pathogenic regression do not allow an exact reconstitution of original situations. Especially since there is not much said about origin. Only the paradox can be noticed, that the origin is different from the archaic. An archaic that continues to produce meaning in the present, forcing psychoanalytical practice and its practitioners to adapt to modernity, thorough the strangest and most unexpected clinical forms thus convoked.

Forms and Projections of Word Magic as a Cultural Value in Folk Prose

Forms and Projections of Word Magic as a Cultural Value in Folk Prose

The Politics of the ‘Civilized War’ in the Meiji period Japan : Ariga Nagao's Political Thought during the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars

It is the subject which has been researched in various fields that, during the Meiji period, Japan succeeded to emerge into full membership in the international society which was controlled by western powers at the time. This paper takes the approach of the study of the history of political thought to understand the rise of Japan during the Meiji period. In order to do that, this paper will focus on Ariga Nagao who was one of the pioneers of the study of international law and history of diplomacy. Ariga argued a war, even without a declaration, is a fully legitimate act, since it is the expression of the ‘free will’ of independent states. Ariga’s pro-war theory of international law was affected by Lorenzo von Stein who was a scholar of Staatswissenschaft which means the sciences of the state in German. In Ariga’s theory, military intervention by a powerful nation to a weaker one is justified with this magic word of the ‘free will’. At the same time, Ariga strongly states that, if Japan is to become one of the ‘civilized countries’, it is required to follow the diplomatic custom of them: And there was no exception during the war time. He rather considers the war as the most effective way to prove how ‘civilized’ Japan is. During the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars, he accompanied a army for the purpose of proving that the Japanese army is conducting a war in accordance with the ‘civilized custom . In conclusion, Ariga shows two different seemingly contradictory arguments: One is the absolutization of national sovereignty, which even justifies ‘imperialism’, and the other is the observance of the ‘civilized custom’ of the international community. A ‘civilized empire’ would be an appropriate definition to describe Japan s diplomatic ideals of the time.

Kentlerde Modernite İdealine Doğu-Batı Ekseninde Eleştirel Bir Bakış

The rational image of the West appears better if mentioned in the contrast to the East. For instance, Weber explains Islamic cities by linking them to the dynamics of Western ones such as religion, social class relationship and economic behaviour. In this context, the studies of western sociologists to consolidate the perception of city and the modernity with the magic word ‘western’ as a starting entity and a point of departure or the base of existence. From geographical discoveries to the present, most of the urban structures address on this ideology to undertake the task of judgements for other non-Western urban configurations. On the basis of Modernity's basic claim, cities are accepted as areas carrying codes and symbols of culture of societies in the everyday life and becoming representatives of all citizens in the urban space. While considering the East-Eest dilemma, the reality proves in many subjects exhibiting differences in the West and East parts of urban developments with its own spatial, social, cultural, economical and essentially on human parameters. Thus, itis aimed to make a philosophical evaluation on the modernity thought in relation to the East-West idealization of cities in accordance to their characteristics in this study.

Medizin zwischen Mythos und Magie

Abstract The tzaddik, a central figure in Hasidism, is revered as a »mysterious Rabbi« and acts as an adviser and particularly also as a healer. While both worldly medicine and its state agencies are rejected, he works with methods rooted in Practical Kabbalah. They focus on the use of magical words such as the names of God or of angels to which the Baal Shem, the Master of the Name, has access. Under the influence of their power he not only inscribes amulets and speaks prayers, but also tells, or becomes the protagonist of, stories with which he also mobilizes the divine forces. This contribution concentrates on the therapeutic function of story-telling, using examples both from the traditional Hasidic literature, the Shivhei ha-Besht for instance, and modern Jewish stories that draw on Hasidic literature, such as the work of Georg Langer and Joseph Roth.

‘Where Men and Gods Command’: the monument, the crypt, and the magic word

This paper examines the relationships between monumental commemoration and memory, placing Rachel Whiteread's Memorial to the Austrian Jewish Victims of the Shoah (2000) as the physical manifestation of Derrida's archive as a place where memory, power, writing and representation intersect. I consider the context and characteristics of Whiteread's memorial alongside the concept of the crypt, formulated by Derrida in his ‘Fors’ to Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok's The Wolf Man's Magic Word (1976). I propose that the archive, formed as it as around the crypt, is a place where death and desire co-habit, and that the Holocaust, the subject of Whiteread's sculpture, is itself an archive that has been constructed around what Maria Torok terms the ‘exquisite corpse’. This exquisite corpse of the Holocaust encrypts, even in its own commemoration, the erotics and desires of the ‘Nazi father’ or ‘Hitler in uns’, what Derrida terms ‘the tombstone of the illicit’. This paper poses the question that we are, even as we remember the Jewish dead, simultaneously re-encrypting the forgetful, murderous Nazi father, and advocates that we maintain a watchfulness on the threshold of the archive, the monument, the text, in order to resist total resolution, complete meaning, the forgetful re-inscription of acts of atrocity.

Is Brandenburg’s Spirit Still Alive? A Perspective of the Greek Anti-Racist Law

This Article analyzes the issue of hate speech limitations under the scope of both the Brandenburg Test and the Greek anti-racist Law. Although the Brandenburg doctrine has been criticized, especially with regard to its being applied to the phenomena of racism or xenophobia, its standards can also be detected in the Greek anti-racist Law, which has been recently amended. This Article examines the magic words “imminence”, “public order”, and “incitement to actions” and concludes that mere utterance of racist rhetoric is not punishable. Greek jurisprudence seems to be in line with the Brandenburg principles, tolerating inflammatory words that are harmless to social harmony and peace. This Article further suggests that, for public order to be endangered by hate speech, an in concreto analysis of the surrounding circumstances is necessary. In sum, Brandenburg helps Greek legal thought to understand the dynamic of the disturbance of public order through the “clear and present danger” perspective, while the Greek anti-racist Law offers an example of when and how hate speech may be deemed as an incitement not only to lawless action, but also to actions of hatred and discrimination.

Beyond Magic Words and Symbols: Rethinking Common Practices in Quantitative Research

One of the keystones of scientific disciplines is the production and dissemination of quality, valid research. Within the Journal of Agricultural Education, traditions passed down from mentor to mentee have led to the establishment of magic words and symbols that, while used to meet criteria for acceptance for publication, actually obscure and obfuscate the research process. When used inappropriately, these terms can suggest appropriate methodology to the uninformed reader or reviewer, perpetuating the publication and dissemination of invalid research. Using the theory of planned behavior as a framework, this research note seeks to highlight some of the more common magic words and symbols used in manuscripts within the Journal of Agricultural Education and offers information to enable researchers to cease inappropriate use of these terms in an effort to enhance the validity of research published within the journal. This research note was an invited presentation at the 2019 American Association for Agricultural Education Conference and was approved for publication by the Chair of the Journal of Agricultural Education’s Editing Managing Board.

The Traveler's Gift by Danielle Davison

Reviewed by: The Traveler's Gift by Danielle Davison Fiona Hartley-Kroeger Davison, Danielle The Traveler's Gift; illus. by Anne Lambelet. Page Street, 2019 [40p] Trade ed. ISBN 978-1-62414-765-4 $17.99 Reviewed from galleys Ad 5-8 yrs When Liam's seafaring storytelling father dies, Liam's joy in the magic of words disappears. A colorful stranger named Enzo rekindles Liam's love of stories, and Liam joins him in his travels until Enzo, at the end of his life, bestows a magical gift that helps Liam's own storytelling powers flourish. The love of storytelling is palpable in the text, but there's more style than substance in the airy tale and adventures, and Liam and Enzo's visits to exoticized, friendly brown people smack of white tourism. Lambelet's stylized figures, textured with digital hatching, are pleasantly off-kilter, almost doll-like in their stylized poses. There's drama as the curving, water-borne lines of storytelling wind with abandon through the cozy, orderly harbor town or across stark white space, but the swirls sometimes drown the narrative elements of the art. The themes of grief and recovery through the power of words are potent ones, though, and the book could certainly be used to initiate conversations about storytelling and about loss. Copyright © 2019 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

My Mother's Last Days

My Mother's Last Days Stephen D. Gutierrez (bio) "Hello, Mom?" I knock on the door at her house in heaven, my mother dead a few hours, a day or two, a lifetime. "Are you home? Are you alive in there?" "What do you want? Go away. I'm busy." "I'm just here to say hi. I wanted to see how you're doing." "I'm doing just fine. God, ese big man, God—he's a piece of work. How did you get in? Are you dead, too?" "No, I'm still alive and kicking, Mom. I'm standing on your porch. It looks like your old porch in City of Commerce, the old house." "Did they paint it at least, for my … enshrinement? Is that right? Do they treat us special here? Qué está pasando? What the hell is going on here? Am I dead, or what?" "Very." "What am I going to do with all my time, Stephen, what?" She starts crying behind the door. "I'm lonely, very lonely," she wails. "You're going to do the same things you did when you were alive." "Tell me what, what? What am I going to do? Háblame!" [End Page 93] "Pass the time. See friends. Read." "Reading. Reading. I need some books. Go get me some good ones." "I brought an armful, Mom. Let me in." "No! I'm lonely, very lonely." She starts with the wailing again. "I'm so lo-onely." She stretches it out. I want to bash down the door and save her. But I wouldn't know what to do if I were standing in front of her. We're not a hugging family. We've never been demonstrative except in our anger, our joy, our laughter. Never in the deep, abiding ways to express real love. We're love-challenged. As soon as you walk in the house, there's a row of crutches lined up against the wall with everybody's name on one. It's how we manage our missing love limbs. So much comes to me now that she's dead. I'm on the other side of the door, waiting, with my ear cocked expectantly. "What am I going to do, Stephen? What am I going to do?" "I don't know. Move?" "No, I can't go anywhere. How does the neighborhood look, here in heaven?" "The same as in hell." "Good one, my son. Good one." "It's a trim neighborhood, you know. Everybody is keeping up their lawn. Nobody needs to paint the house. Henry could use some tar on the driveway, whatever you call it. But he's still got his damn Cadillac, ha? It's looking spic and span as ever, Mom." "What are the Lozanos driving?" "A Buick. I see the top over the fence." "Should I come out, Stephen? Is it time?" "Are you dressed for a public appearance, Mom? There might be angels and who knows what floating around us." "Are you dead too, Stephen? Are you sure you're not dead?" "I'm positive, Mom." "We were all dead, weren't we? For our whole lives," she says. "Me more than you, Mom. I've been dead since my teen years. You know, other stuff made me a corpse before my time. Oh, don't sound so worried, sighing back there." [End Page 94] "Well, I can't help it. I know you're not exaggerating." "Don't worry about it, Mom. Look at me now. I'm alive, visiting you in heaven!" "How'd you get in?" "Mumbled the magic words." "Ah, hell! Dead! Shit with this!" She walks out of the house. It's midafternoon. She's descending the porch steps in a pair of jeans and a sweatshirt with the sleeves rolled up, ready to do some yard work. She'll pull out some easy weeds from the plot of dirt under each bedroom window, where the rose bushes grow. She'll spend most of her time sweeping up. She'll make sure the sidewalk and walkway are clean. She'll wave to neighbors who come out. "Yoo-hoo, Molly! I saw your...

ON ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD arvış IN OLD UIGHUR

<p class="ql-align-justify">Studies on the vocabulary of Old Turkic have increased since the discovery of runic inscriptions and Old Uighur texts. However, there are many words and annexes that have not been analyzed or solved until today. Examples of such words and suffixes are arvıš &lt; arva- words and {-(X)š} suffix derived from verbs. In Old Turkic, when they are be added the AA suffix to the verbs ending with the open-unrounded vowels, the last vowels of verbs turns into unrounded vowels: alka- ‘praise, extoll’ &gt; alkıš ‘praising, prayer, praise, sanctification’; arka(-š)- ‘help, assist’ &gt; arkış ‘caravan; courier; messenger’; busa(-n)- ‘regret, grieve, sorrow’ &gt; busuš ‘sadness, sorrow, grief’; karga- ‘anathemize, beshrew’ &gt; kargıš ‘imprecation, curse’; küse- ‘wish, intreat’ &gt; küsüš ‘claim, wish’; suvsa- ‘be thirsty’ &gt; suvsuš ‘drink, elixir’; tirkiš ‘caravan; courier’ &lt; tirke- (?); ula- ‘prolong, continue’ &gt; uluš ‘city, country, state’; üle- ‘split up’ &gt; ülüš ‘lot, share, part’. The verb of arva- used in ‘witch, do magic, say magic’ meanings and the word of arvıš used ‘magic, spell, magical words’ meanings in Old Uighur are samples for this problem. In this study, the etymology of arvıš and arva-(mak) words, which have not yet been discussed in detail, will be made. Firstly, the phonetic, morphological, semantic and lexical aspects of the diachronic and synchronic use in various periods of Turkic language will be examined. The etymology of arvıš / arvaš and arva- (mak) words in Old Uighur will be examined by taking into account all aspects of the use of {-(X)š} suffix in the Turkish language. Furthermore, the origin of arvıš and arva- (mak) words will be discussed based on the findings, shamanism, abracadabra and ‘treatment with magic’.

Magic words or talking point? The framing of ‘radical Islam’ in news coverage and its effects

This study examines the use of the term ‘radical Islam’ as a framing device from two perspectives. First, a content analysis of The New York Times and Washington Post suggested that ‘radical Islam’ is a recent addition to the public lexicon and is rapidly rising in use. The term is more recently associated with negatively charged language and linked to terrorism. Second, an experiment showed that reading about a perpetrator associated with ‘radical Islam’ (as opposed to ‘terrorism’) led to an increase in Islamophobia among all participants – indicated through fear of Muslims and Islam. An interaction effect emerged such that self-identified conservatives did not differentiate between ‘radical Islam’ and ‘terrorism’ when determining culpability, but self-identified liberals did. These results indicate that the US news media has increasingly linked ‘radical Islam’ with terrorism and other negative ideas, while some sectors of the American public struggle to disentangle the two concepts.