Magadan Oblast Research Articles

Larval spirurids in a supralittoral amphipod in the north-east of Russia and the identification of the intermediate host of Antechiniella septentrionalis (Spirurida: Acuariidae), parasitic in a tundra vole.

The supralittoral amphipod Traskorchestia ditmari (Derzhavin, 1923) was identified as the intermediate host for Antechiniella septentrionalis Ivanova, Dokuchaev & Spiridonov, 2019, a parasite of the tundra vole Microtus oeconomus and Skrjabinocerca sp. (both Spirurida: Acuariidae) in Magadan Oblast in north-eastern Russia. Joint infection by both larval spirurids was not observed. The infective stage of A. septentrionalis was the encysted larvae, while larvae of Skrjabinocerca sp. were free in the amphipod's coelom. The identity of A. septentrionalis was confirmed using cox1 mtDNA gene analysis, performed on adult stages from a tundra vole and on larvae from amphipods. Possible transmission routes of A. septentrionalis are discussed.

Islam in the Gold Heart of Russia: Ingush Islamic Communities in Kolyma

This article analyzes evolving patterns of migration between traditionally Muslim parts of the post-Soviet region and the Russian Far East, with an emphasis on the migration of Ingush between rural Ingushetia and urban areas of Magadan Oblast. It shows how the initial isolation of Ingush migrants from their homeland has been overcome with the aid of more affordable travel and new communications technologies. It describes the emergence of new Islamic communities among migrants in the Far East, the relations between these communities and municipal authorities, the rivalry between Sufi brotherhoods, and the recent split between Sufi and Salafi Muslims.

Informative Markers of Cardiohemodynamic State in Young Men with Different Types of Autonomic Regulation during Submaximal Bicycle Exercise Test

We performed a comparative study of urgent adaptive changes in hemodynamic and heart rate variability parameters in the process of bicycle exercise test of submaximal power in young men from Magadan oblast with different initial types of autonomic nervous regulation. The subjects (n = 71) were considered healthy based on their health record and allowed to do physical exercises. On the basis of the heart rate variability indices at rest, we determined the initial type of autonomic regulation (normovagotonic or normosympathicotonic) in all subjects (the types differ in their heart rate structures). The subjects underwent a 150-W submaximal bicycle exercise test for 6 min with a pedaling rate of 60 rpm. It was found that the young men of the call-up age with normovagotonic regulation type have more functional reserves and less tension when performing a strenuous exercise. A more than 14- and 7-fold decrease in the total spectral power at the first 2 min of exercise (vs. the baselines) in normovagotonic and normosympathicotonic subjects, respectively, indicates that the former have higher cardiohemodynamic functional reserves and a higher tolerance to exercise.

Предыстория образования Магаданской области (1917-1953 гг.)

The article examines the history of the administrative–territorial division of the Russian Northeast in the first half of the twentieth century. The importance of this research stems from the need to analyze the historical experience information of administrative divisions against the background of developing modern federated relations. Chronology wise, the article deals with the period from the year 1917 until the establishment of the present-day boundaries of Magadan Oblast. The article analyses specific aspects of administration in the constituent territories of Magadan Oblast, based on their remoteness from the central authorities, and their economic value. Development of territorial public authorities in the Northeast during the said period was politically motivated. The Civil War saw territories being transferred to the jurisdiction of opposing forces, which affected the administrative division and the system of government authorities. The Institute of the administrative–territorial structure was aimed at the implementation of state functions in connection with certain goals and objectives of a specific historical period of development. The implementation of national policies mediated the creation of national districts. The need of the state for mineral raw materials during the period of industrialization and during the Great Patriotic War led to the creation of special extraterritorial education — Dalstroi. A special period in the history of the region was the Dalstroy era — so-called “Special Combine”, during which a two-level authority system was developed. The administrative–territorial structure was defined by functions of the state, and goals and objectives of the specific historical period. The territorial model of public authority in the Northeastern region fit within the historical context of the country’s contemporary situation.

The Standards of Living of a Northern Region and Ways of Their Improvement (by the Example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya))

The Object of the Study is a northern territory (the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya).The Subject of the Study the living standards of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya).The Purpose of the Study is to identify the most important problems of the standards of living of a northern region (by the example of the Republic in Sakha (Yakutiya)) and finding ways of their improvement.Methods of Investigation: analysis of the statistics and the data of the public bodies of the State administration on the issues of demographic development, changes in the dynamics of incomes of the population, subsistence minimum, life expectancy, etc. It is found that sustainable development of northern regions can be achieved by raising the standards of living of the population and this is one of the conditions for ensuring national security of Russia. More than half of the total area of the country belongs to the northern territories. The regions of the North give 60% of all foreign exchange earnings of the Russian Federation. The transition to market relations significantly affected the deterioration of the quality of the social infrastructure of the North. Over the past 15 years, all subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, except for the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya), have lost their population. The reasons for the migration outflow are the reduction of material incentives for work in the Far North. There is a limited access to quality medical, educational and cultural services.Thanks to the measures taken, in the period of 2002-2016 life expectancy increased by 7 years in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya), Khabarovskiy Kray, Amur and Magadan Oblast’s. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya) has a number of unresolved problems that are deterrent factors in raising the living standards of the population of the northern region which are a high cost of travel on vacation during summer season, a significant proportion of old and dilapidated housing in the general housing stock and poor quality of drinking water. To solve these problems it is necessary a support of the federal bodies of the state power

Assessment of placer mining performance based on specific diesel fuel consumption

The need for prompt reduction of mining cost for development of placer deposits was substantiated. The cost structure for mining and processing of minerals was analyzed. A high share of the diesel fuel consumption cost (about 40%) in the total cost was identified. A share of fuel consumption cost for various mining machines (bulldozers, excavators, loaders, dump trucks) is rather stable. Results of photo-chasing fuel consumption observations for a placer deposit in Magadan oblast were compared with reference data. Based on the comparison data, it was recommended to account for an adjustment factor depending on the type of mining machines. Due to high complexity of machine-hour calculation, it was recommended to assess performance of mining operations with regard to diesel fuel consumption. The article compares two options for sand transportation to a washing plant. Their performance was assessed based on a diesel fuel consumption criterion.

Primorskoe Epithermal Ag-Au Deposit (Northeastern Russia): Geological Setting, Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Ore Formation Conditions

The potentially large Primorskoe epithermal Au-Ag deposit is represented by three areas: the Kholodnyi, Spiridonych, and Teplyi. It is located in the Omsukchan district of Magadan oblast, where mining is carried out at the largely similar Dukat, Lunnoe, Gol’tsovoe, Arylakh, Tidit, Pereval’noe, and other deposits. The deposit under review is located in the Kalalaga volcano-tectonic depression, where ore has been emplaced in a gently dipping sequence of Late Cretaceous ignimbrites and rhyolites more than 700 m in thickness crosscut by numerous intermediate and mafic dykes. According to drilling data, there is a leucocratic granite massif 400–500 m beneath the deposit, which is exposed on the surface in the northeastern part of the ore field. The presence of Bi-bearing galena and matildite, as well as medium- to high-temperature metasomatic facies (epidote and actinolite) and the specific physicochemical conditions of epithermal Ag-Au ore emplacement, attests to the above-intrusion position and the role of granitoids as high-temperature magmatic fluid generators responsible for supplying Bi and heating the host rock. The ore chemistry is quite consistent with its mineral composition. High Mn and Ag; elevated Au; low Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, As, Bi, and Te; and low total REE concentrations were established, along with negative Eu and positive Ce anomalies. The high Te/Se, Sr/Ba, Y/Ho, and U/Th ratios in the ores are due to their location in the area influenced by the granitoid pluton. The physicochemical parameters of ore emplacement in the Teplyi area are unusual: high temperatures, low salt concentrations, and fluid densities typical of a “dry vapor” environment. The obtained data allow the Primorskoe to be classified as an intermediate sulfidation epithermal deposit. The data discussed below are of practical use for regional metallogenic forecasting, exploration, and economic assessment of epithermal Ag-Au deposits.

Evolution of debris flow basins on the slopes of marine terraces of the coast of Magadan oblast and Sakhalin Island.

Evolution of debris flow basins on the slopes of marine terraces of the coast of Magadan oblast and Sakhalin Island.

Phylogeography of a west-Beringian endemic plant: An ancient seed of Stellaria jacutica Schischk. detected in permafrost deposits of the last interglacial

Beringia, the landmass connecting Eurasia and North America during Pleistocene sea level low stands, played a crucial part in the phylogeographic history of northern plants, animals and humans. Beringia was not only route for migration between both continents but, as the only unglaciated sector of the Arctic, it was also an important refugial area for northern biota during the Pleistocene. The finding of a fossil seed of Stellaria jacutica Schischk., endemic in Yakutia and the Russian Far Eastern Magadan Oblast, in permafrost deposits near Batagay demonstrates the existence of that species in the Yakutian Yana Highlands already during the last Pleistocene interglacial, about 125 ka ago. The biogeographical, ecological and seed morphological characters of S. jacutica allow for conclusions on its phylogenetic relationships. Stellaria jacutica is the only large seeded Stellaria species occurring in northeast Siberia today. According to carpological characters, S. jacutica is closely related to south Siberian large-seeded Stellaria species, which have a centre of diversity in the Altai-Sayan mountain range. This kinship is also suggested by corresponding ecological preferences and occurrence in mountain steppes and rock steppe communities mainly in the alpine belt of mountains. The spread of S. jacutica's ancestor north-eastwards assumedly happened during a Pleistocene cold stage, when the climate in Siberia was cooler, drier and more continental than during warm stages. Spread and following allopatric speciation hence occurred prior to the last interglacial, i.e. during or prior to the middle Pleistocene.

The age dynamics of characteristics of metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates in male youths of the North-East of Russia.

The purpose of study is to evaluate age dynamics of biochemical indices in male youths permanently residing in the Magadan oblast. Material and methods. The study was carried out concerning indices of lipids and glucose in blood of 174 male youths aged from 17 to 20-21 years in the Magadan oblast. The detection of main indices of lipid and carbohydrate profiles was implemented using portable biochemical and carbohydrate express-analyzer CardioChek PA (USA) by analyzing capillary blood sampled from finger on an empty stomach after 10-12 hours after last food intake. The mathematical models of age alterations of main indices of lipid carbohydrate profile were made on the basis of implemented analysis. It resulted in regression equations describing relationships between indices of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, level of glycemia and age characteristics of the examined. Conclusion. The character of alterations of most of analyzed indices of biochemical profile indicates availability of aged shifts to area of their increasing already in youth period of ontogenesis. It is established that values of indices of lipid profile in examined groups were within limits of accepted reference values, approaching the lower limit of the norm. The evaluation of metabolism of carbohydrates in male youths of Magadan established that in representatives of all age groups the given indicator is at the higher limit of reference range normoglycemia with increasing in the elder age group. At that, the study revealed a rather significant percentage of male youths with hyperglycemia manifestations in condition of carbohydrate metabolism (25%-29% in total sampling of the examined). The developed regression models indicate occurrence of a significant age conditionality of increasing of content of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, concentration of glucose in blood. The values of high density lipoproteins have no effect of age criteria.

Polymorphism of Chloroplast DNA and Phylogeography of Green Alder (Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch s. l.) in Asiatic Russia

This paper studies the phylogeography of Alnus alnobetula s. l. in the Asian part of the Russian range with the use of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences (intergenic spacers trnH-psbA, trnS-trnG, and psaA-trnS). Nine haplotypes were identified as a result of a combination of polymorphism of all sites in 241 plants in 20 populations of A. alnobetula. High interpopulation differentiation (GST = 0.914, NST = 0.928) and a significant phylogeographic structure (NST > GST, p < 0.05) were found. Reconstruction of genealogical relationships of green alder haplotypes revealed five highly divergent genetic lineages: one geographically widespread throughout Siberia and the Urals and several allopatric lines in the Far East of Russia, namely, the Chukotka Peninsula and the mouth of the Yana River, Magadan oblast, Primorye and the central part of Sakhalin Island, and the southern part of Sakhalin Island. Our data confirm that in the past the range of this species in the Far East was fragmented in several refugia that were isolated for a long time in various ice-free regions. This could have contributed to a high level of intraspecific polymorphism of green alder as a result of the divergence of endemic haplotypes, with almost non-overlapping distribution. However, the level of their molecular divergence does not correspond to the level of morphological differences.

Morphofunctional indicators demonstrated by young students resident in Russia’s Northeast

The specific climatic and geographical conditions of the northern territories of Russia, the relatively small workforce, as well as intensive migration processes require a specific approach with regard to northern regions and, particularly, to the healthcare of the young generation residing in the territory. This study was aimed at exploring the body functionality of the young inhabitants of Russia’s Northeast considered as a human rescource for the future in relation to their period of residence in Magadan oblast. Based on the study of cardiovascular, biochemical, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, psychophysiological characteristics, as well as respiratory system and gas exchange parameters, a comparative examination was carried which involved 1,560 male students aged 17–21. Depending on their period of residence in Magadan oblast, the examined subjects were divided into three groups. Group 1 was presented by newcoming settlers, whites by origin (adaptants), who had migrated from the Central-European or Asian areas of Russia and lived in the northern region for at least 5 years (the zero generation). Group 2 was made up of those young males born and living in Magadan oblast (the 1st generation), whites by origin, who were children of immigrants to the area. Finally, group 3 was representatives of the 2nd generation born and living in Magadan oblast, whose parents were representatives of the 1st generation. We found that people with a longer term of residency in the north had become more optimized in cardiovascular functioning (demonstrate decrease in arterial pressure and more effective myocardial performance), less stressed in external respiration with simultaneous decrease in exhaled heat loss, had normalised lipid metabolism shown through a reduced percentage of deviations in lipidograms as well as the index of atherogenicity and higher functioning of the central nervous system. Besides, having experienced severe climatic conditions they have formed their specific region-related metabolic profile featuring lowered lipid metabolism values and high blood glucose which can be caused by changes in nutrition of city residents. It should be concluded that discovered tendency of adaptive changes demonstrated by north-born young white males enables us to consider it as formation of a new population of inhabitants of the North having the best functional abilities for optimal adaptation to the specific ecological and climatic conditions.

Genetic features and the putative sources of formation of isolated populations of the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771 in Magadan oblast

The striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius is an invasive species new for Magadan oblast; however, the adaptation of the animals to the conditions of the habitats north of the Sea of Okhotsk has been successful. The full nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene from the mtDNA has been determined for mice from four local populations in the region (settlements of Snezhnaya Dolina, Snezhnyi, Solnechnyi, and Talon), and five cytb-haplotypes have been detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the similarity of cytb nucleotide sequences in the mice from the habitats north of the Sea of Okhotsk and the conspecifics from the Far East-Chinese part of the range. The invasion of A. agrarius into Talon is likely to have started from Primorsky krai, whereas the animals captured in Snezhnaya Dolina had ancestors from both Primorsky krai and from China, and the animals captured in Snezhnyi and Solnechnyi were exclusively of Chinese ancestry. The striped field mice from Snezhnyi and Solnechnyi were of a single monophyletic origin. The origin of mice captured in Snezhnaya Dolina was apparently polyphyletic, and the origin of the animals from Talon was monophyletic and different from the origin of other populations of the enclave located north of the Sea of Okhotsk. Investigation of 16 allozyme loci revealed highly significant differences between the samples of striped field mice of Snezhnyi, Solnechnyi, and Talon. The variability parameters in the set of biochemical gene markers used for the analysis showed a trend to a decrease in striped field mouse samples from the habitats north of the Sea of Okhotsk. Genetic analysis revealed that the local settlements of A. agrarius in Magadan oblast are currently represented by small isolated populations.

Results of Remote Sensing of Disturbed Lands State and Ways of Solution of Environmental Issues on Coal Mines of Magadan Oblast

In the territory of the Russian Federation in the Magadan Oblast since the late of 1980 has been carried out by open-pit mining of coal deposits. Currently, coal is produced by open-pit mining at coal deposits. on 11 coal cuts with production capacity from 0.3 to 0.5 million tons per year. According to the satellite images, it is established that the natural landscape and ecosystems have been significantly altered at the sites of deposits. It was concluded that is necessary to carry out special works on disturbed lands on all existing coal mines, as well as inclusion of a complex measures for mining and biological reclamation into projects for the development of promising and developed coal deposits.

Новинки лихенофлоры Магаданской области

In 2007–2016 the author of the article was studying lichen flora from the Ola (valley of the Taui R. and the Ola R., Talan Island, Atargan, Yamsk, Ola and Kava-Chelomdzha areas of the Magadan nature reserve), Magadan (surroundings of Magadan and Snezhnaya Dolina settlement), Severo-Evensk (valley of the Gizhiga R. and Nayakhan R.), Srednekansky (surroundings of Ezop mountain) and Khasynsky (Yablonevy pass and 86th km of the main highway) regions of Magadan Oblast. Certain samples were collected by the institute workers: by E. A. Andriyanova, N. A. Sazanova, M. G. Khoreva and O. A. Mochalova. Processing of lichen collections resulted in discovery of new locations for 20 species of lichens. Three of them (Peltigera continentalis, P. ponojensis, and P. scabrosella) are reported for first time for the Far East. Another 17 (Brodoa oroarctica, Cetraria aculata, Cladonia stygia, Flavocetraria minuscula, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Lecanora bicincta, Nephroma bellum, Peltigera collina, P. neckeri, P. praetextata, Physciella chloantha, Placopsis cribellans, Porpidia cinereoatra, Psora decipiens, Solorina bispora var. bispora, S. saccata, and Xanthoria candelaria) are newly reported to Magadan Oblast of Russia. The information about general distribution of all mentioned species is also presented.

The late Cretaceous Arman flora of Magadan oblast, Northeastern Russia

The Arman flora from the volcanogenic-sedimentary beds of the Arman Formation is systematically studied using materials from the Arman River basin and the Nelkandya-Khasyn interfluve (Magadan oblast, Northeastern Russia). Seventy-three species of fossil plants belonging to 49 genera are described. They consist of liverworts, horsetails, ferns, seed ferns, cycadaleans, bennettitaleans, ginkgoaleans, czekanowskialeans, conifers, gymnosperms of uncertain systematic affinity, and angiosperms. The Arman flora shows a unique combination, with relatively ancient Early Cretaceous ferns and gymnosperms occurring alongside younger Late Cretaceous plants, primarily angiosperms. The similarity of the Arman flora to the Penzhina and Kaivayam floras of northwestern Kamchatka and the Tylpegyrgynai flora of the Pekul’nei Ridge allows the Arman flora to be dated as Turonian and Coniacian (Late Cretaceous), which is corroborated by isotopic (U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar) age determination for the plant-bearing layers.

Metacoleroa dickiei . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Metacoleroa dickiei , a plant parasite, apparently obligately associated with members of the plant genus Linnaea , occurring on living and later wilting leaves and stems. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Yukon)), USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Washington, Wisconsin), Asia (North Korea, Russia (Magadan oblast)), Europe (Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Russia (Murmansk oblast), Sweden, Switzerland, UK)) and hosts ( Linnaea spp.). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.

Variability of allozyme and cpSSR markers in the populations of Siberian spruce

The variability of 21 allozyme and three microsatellite loci of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was studied in the populations of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) from Irkutsk oblast, Magadan oblast, Buryatia, and Mongolia. It was demonstrated that the highest level of genetic diversity among the examined populations at both allozyme and microsatellite loci was observed in the Tulyushka population from Irkutsk oblast. The lowest level of genetic diversity was observed in marginal isolated populations of Bogd Uul and Magadan. In the relict spruce population from Olkhon Island, differing from the other populations in the lowest allelic diversity of both types of markers, no expected decline of expected heterozygosity and haplotype diversity was observed. In this population, the variability parameters mentioned were close to the population mean. The obtained intrapopulation and intraspecific variability parameters of allozyme and microsatellite loci of chloroplast DNA and the data on the population differentiation at these loci indicate that the given markers can be used for the analysis of the population structure of Siberian spruce.

Parameters of cardiac hemodynamics and physical development in indigenous inhabitants and caucasoids of military age born in different Northeastern Regions of Russia

Comparative analysis of the basic parameters of physical development and cardiovascular system in indigenous inhabitants and north-born Caucasoids of different northeastern regions of Russia (the Chukotka Autonomous District, Magadan oblast) has been performed. No significant differences in most of morphological and functional parameters have been found between the groups of subjects, which proves that convergent adaptation processes occur under the current social conditions in both ethnic groups regardless of the region.

Dynamics of seasonal parameters of external respiration and gas exchange in the population of Northeast Russia

Within the framework of the Mars-500 project, a monthly monitoring of several morphofunctional parameters was performed over the period of 18 months in 19 Caucasoid volunteers born in the Magadan oblast. Somatometric parameters and functional parameters of the respiratory and cardiovascular system were determined in volunteers using standard procedures. It was established that the highest strain in the functioning of these body systems is recorded in winter. However, during summer, both systolic and diastolic arterial pressure was also higher than the respective parameters in people living in midland and European northeast Russia, which may indicate a significant effect of the natural and climatic seasonal factors of Magadan oblast on volunteers throughout the year.