Magadan Oblast Research Articles

Репродуктивное поведение и репродуктивные установки женщин среднего и позднего детородных возрастов в условиях Крайнего Севера (на примере Магаданской области)

Since the end of the last century, the northern and north-eastern regions of Russia have entered the final stage of demographic transition, in which the birth rate has fallen below the replacement level of generations, and the proportion of the elderly population has increased to its historical maximum against the background of a mass outflow of the working-age population to the central regions of the country. The demographic transition in this territory is heterogeneous and has its own specifics related to the structure of the economy and the nature of employment, migration flows, the historically established settlement pattern, unfavorable climatic and geographical conditions, and patterns of reproductive and consumer behavior. In order to study this specificity, 226 women aged 2544 were surveyed in Magadan Oblast. The subject of the study was women’s reproductive attitudes, their marital status, focus on having many children, few children or no children, identification of the expected, desired and actual number of children, factors leading to the refusal to have more children, as well as those stimulating childbearing, the problem of distribution of responsibilities in the family. The study has shown that family values are a priority for women of middle and late childbearing age, but they are associated with the demand for improved housing conditions and increased income.

Bacterial Communities within the Freshwater Lymnaeid Snail Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Middendorff, 1850) in Northeastern Siberia

This is the first report on microbial communities associated with the freshwater snail Kamtschaticana kamtschatica inhabiting diverse types of water basins in Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East. Using metabarcoding data based on the 16S rRNA gene fragments, taxonomic profiling of bacterial communities associated with snails from three basins of the Magadan Oblast was carried out. Predominant phyla in the studied bacterial communities were Pseudomonadota, Bacillota, Cyanobacteriota, Actinomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, Planctomycetota, and Bacteroidota. The highest alpha-diversity, according to the Chao1 index, was revealed in the mollusks from the Orotukan reservoir. The relative abundance of bacteria of the genera Snowella, Leptolyngbya, Nodosilinea, Arenimonas, and Polaromonas significantly distinguished the mollusks of this habitat from those of the other two. The greatest similarities in the composition of the microbiota in K. kamtschatica were found for the genus Pseudomonas, which was present in the majority of samples in the amount of more than 1% and was not found in the sediment samples. Obtained data on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with lymnaeid snails are of fundamental importance for the ecology of freshwater mollusks.

Morphological Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Placer Gold from the Kengeveem River Basin and First Data on Associated Platinum-Metal Mineralization (Magadan Oblast)

Morphological Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Placer Gold from the Kengeveem River Basin and First Data on Associated Platinum-Metal Mineralization (Magadan Oblast)

Обыкновенный дубонос (Coccothraustes сoccothraustes) в Магаданской области

The records and the status of Hawfinch, a rare bird in Magadan Oblast, are generalized. The issues of possible wintering status in the region are discussed.

Номенклатура коренных народов Магаданской области в историческом контексте

The author highlights the situation related to the lack of nominations for the Chukchi and Eskimos in the regional list of indigenous peoples of Magadan Oblast. This problem is historical in its nature, as it reflects the established practices of interaction between the governmental authorities and indigenous peoples. The process of the modern ethnic picture formation in the Far North-East is traced. The dynamics of the ethnic nomenclature of the region in the Soviet and the post-Soviet times are presented. It is demonstrated that the state authorities establish a nomenclature and its administrative-territorial correspondence as well as categorize ethnic entities according to the degree of traditionality of their outlook in connection with their place of residence. Contrary to this, the indigenous people themselves define their ethnic properties within broad historical and territorial boundaries, freely transferring the long-established characteristics of their ancestors behavior and mentality into the present.

Using the methodology of transformation of geophysical fields in the study of dike-type ore systems in the zone of influence of the Chai-Yurinsky deep fault

Identification of prospecting geophysical signs of promising areas at the level of ore nodes and fields, deposits and ore structures (ore-localizing structures) has always been one of the main contents of geophysical research. However, especially at the deposit – ore structures level, very often the solution of these tasks becomes very difficult and difficult to implement. The problem is that, in general, rocks in the research area are quite contrasting in their physical properties; however, ore-bearing dike bodies represented by beresitized diorite-porphyrites do not always confidently differ in their physical characteristics from the sandy, carbonaceous, sulfidized and shale sedimentary rocks that contain them. The use of approaches based on statistical processing techniques in the interpretation of geophysical data made it possible to establish geological and geophysical signs of gold-quartz mineralization of the dike type within the study area and thus predict gold mineralization.The paper presents the results of processing geophysical materials in order to create a list of features characteristic of gold-quartz deposits of the dyke type in the Central-Kolyma region (Magadan Oblast).The geophysical research complex consisted of electrical profiling and magnetic exploration. MMPOS-2 magnetometers were used to measure the geomagnetic field. The coordinates of the measurement points were determined using a GPS receiver structurally connected to a magnetometer. The methodology of the work provided for the introduction of variations of the geomagnetic field. The variation of the Earth’s magnetic field was taken into account using the SURV software. The work by the electrical profiling method was carried out using an instrument complex: AIE-2 using the median gradient method in modification of induced polarization (SG-VP) at a frequency of 0.3 Hz. Supply line AB=800-900 m, receiving line MN=10 m.The presented set of works is capable of solving the problems of forecasting gold mineralization in the zone of influence of the Chai-Yurinsky fault of the Yana-Kolyma metallogenic system. Based on the interpretation of the geophysical data, prospecting geological and geophysical signs of gold-quartz mineralization within the ore field are outlined.One of the promising methodological methods of interpretation in determining the search signs of potentially ore zones is electrical exploration by the method of induced polarization.

Developing urban agglomerations in the Far North-East of Russia

Subject. This article discusses the issues of formation of agglomerations as a result of urbanization processes and effective element of spatial development, and the specifics of the northern resource economy. Objectives. The article aims to determine the role and prospects for the development of agglomerations in the Far North-East of Russia. Methods. For the study, I used historical, comparative, statistical, and systems analyses. Results. The article considers the basic conditions for the formation of agglomerations in the Magadan Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and proposes several variants of the spatial transformation of the Far North-East of Russia. As well, the article clarifies the definition of the Northern Agglomeration concept. Conclusions. The geostrategic importance of the territories, the observance of the interests of the indigenous peoples of the North, the prospects for the development of new deposits, and the improvement of living standards through the development of urban kernels are specific factors in the formation of northern agglomerations.

Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Communications and Mobility: Perspectives from the Kolyma Road, Northeast Russia

In northeast Russia, the famous historic Kolyma Road spans two thousand kilometers across two federal subjects of the Russian Federation: the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Magadan Oblast. Thousands of people live along and in close proximity to the road, depending on it for communication, mobility, goods, and life support. As the major transportation infrastructure in the entire region, it should be reliable and stable for local communities’ well-being. One strategic approach to ensure its reliability is to acknowledge the role of Indigenous knowledge, which has been neglected despite being established long before the emergence of existing formal systems of communication. Based on data collected through fieldwork, personal observations, and conversations, this paper aims to demonstrate that Indigenous knowledge regarding ways of living, moving, and communicating along and on the road is the key to sustainability in the region. As a result, we claim that this realization should be manifested in designing and implementing communication and mobility systems based on the principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion. In the long term, it is necessary to develop a sustainable road management system for the Kolyma Road to ensure the security and well-being of local communities and for everyone visiting and working on the road.

Научный вклад А. Г. Козлова в изучение истории Северо-Востока России

The article presents the main results of the scientific activities of A. G. Kozlov (1951-2006), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of History and Archeology of the North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute of the FEB RAS, local historian, and populiser of science. In 1997-2006, he was involved with various problems of Magadan оblast history, peculiarities in the industrial development of Russia's North-East, the Dalstroy economic activities, correctional labour policy in the area in the 1930s-1950s, as well as the foundation and development of the city of Magadan. A. G. Kozlov made a significant contribution to studying the history of Magadan oblast.

Дополнение к биоте макромицетов острова Завьялова (Северное Охотоморье)

Under the "Nature of Zavyalov Island and Ecotourism" program, mycobiota was additionally studied. The article presents the new data on the diversity of Zavyalov Island macroscopic fungi. 74 species, not previously listed for the island biota, have been identified. New locations of three protected species (Amanita regalis, Clavariadelphus truncatus and Leccinum arctoi), included in the Red Data Book of Magadan Oblast (2019), have been discovered. Currently, 173 species of macroscopic fungi are known for Zavyalov Island.

Антропометрические индексы и биоимпедансометрические показатели как онтогенетические индикаторы риска формирования ожирения

The body mass index does not distinguish body fat mass from fat-free mass and does not capture changes in these parameters. The aim of this study was to establish an association between anthropometric indexes and bioimpedance indicators with age-specific obesity on the example of male population in the Magadan oblast. To achieve it, we examined 586 males who lived in the Magadan oblast by using conventional methods for assessment of physical development. The ROC analysis was performed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured. The analysis of the obtained research data established a significant decrease in FFMI values with age (from young males to elderly ones) together with growing FMI, FMI/FFMI ratio, total body fat and the waist-to-hip ratio. To determine an optimal BMI value as an indicator eligible to diagnose obesity, a ROC-curve was built to describe a relationship between BMI and FMI/FFMI value < 0.4 cu. It showed that when BMI ranged between 22 kg/m2 and 25.0 kg/m2 in young males, bioimpedance values corresponded to the physiological norm; in the early maturity group, the optimal BMI cut-off point for diagnosing obesity was 26.5 kg/m2; the optimal BMI range in the 2nd maturity group was 24.0–27.5 kg/m2. It is noteworthy that the ROC-analysis turned out to have no predictive significance among elderly men; this indicates that BMI is hardly eligible for being used as an indicator of obesity risk in this period of ontogenesis. Classical BMI ranges cannot be considered a clear indicator to diagnose obesity among males in the Magadan oblast whereas indicators obtained by bioimpedance analysis (FMI/FFMI ratios) can be used as relevant indicators when assessing risks of obesity and sarcopenia in the analyzed population.

Anthropometric indices and bioimpedance body composition as ontogenetic indicators to describe risk of obesity

The body mass index does not distinguish body fat mass from fat-free mass and does not capture changes in these parameters. The aim of this study was to establish an association between anthropometric indexes and bioimpedance indicators with age-specific obesity on the example of male population in the Magadan oblast. To achieve it, we examined 586 males who lived in the Magadan oblast by using conventional methods for assessment of physical development. The ROC analysis was performed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured. The analysis of the obtained research data established a significant decrease in FFMI values with age (from young males to elderly ones) together with growing FMI, FMI/FFMI ratio, total body fat and the waist-to-hip ratio. To determine an optimal BMI value as an indicator eligible to diagnose obesity, a ROC-curve was built to describe a relationship between BMI and FMI/FFMI value < 0.4 cu. It showed that when BMI ranged between 22 kg/m2 and 25.0 kg/m2 in young males, bioimpedance values corresponded to the physiological norm; in the early maturity group, the optimal BMI cut-off point for diagnosing obesity was 26.5 kg/m2; the optimal BMI range in the 2nd maturity group was 24.0–27.5 kg/m2. It is noteworthy that the ROC-analysis turned out to have no predictive significance among elderly men; this indicates that BMI is hardly eligible for being used as an indicator of obesity risk in this period of ontogenesis. Classical BMI ranges cannot be considered a clear indicator to diagnose obesity among males in the Magadan oblast whereas indicators obtained by bioimpedance analysis (FMI/FFMI ratios) can be used as relevant indicators when assessing risks of obesity and sarcopenia in the analyzed population.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ОСВЕДОМЛЕННОСТИ МОЛОДЕЖИ МАГАДАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ О ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ И ВИРУСНЫХ ГЕПАТИТАХ ДЛЯ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО МЕДИКО-САНИТАРНОГО ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЯ

Preservation of younger generation health is an up-to date issue and a matter of primary importance since it determines the future of the country, preservation of the nation's gene pool as well as scientific and economic potential of the society.In order to evaluate the levels of awareness regarding HIV-infection and viral hepatitis among Magadan oblast youth an anonymous survey was performed by the means of Internet telecommunication system for planning awareness-raising work. The survey involved 417 youth respondents whose average age was 19.54 years.Overall levels of awareness among youth was relatively satisfactory however there were false claims and myths regarding routes of transmission as well as certain stigmatizing behavior towards people living with these infections. The results of the study can be used for planing educational work regarding youth health preservation and prevention of HIV infection and viral hepatitis spread.

Новые находки редких и охраняемых видов лишайников в Магаданской области

New data on rare lichens in Magadan Oblast, included in the Red Data Books, are presented. Six species (Fuscopannaria ahlneri, Solorina saccata, Lobaria scrobiculata, L. pulmonaria, Asahinea scholanderi, Masonhalea richardsonii) were found in new localities; the last three species have the conservation status in the Red Data Book of Russia. For the first time, three species are presented for the Susuman District of Magadan Oblast, and one, for the Srednekan District. The calciphilous lichen Solorina saccata is recorded for the first time for the Magadansky Nature Reserve (Seymchan site). Photographs and maps with locations marked are provided for all types of lichens.

Первая регистрация стерха (Grus leucogeranus) в Магаданской области

The first case of meeting a Siberian White Crane in Magadan Oblast has been documented. Observations of a single bird were made outside the nesting range, during the breeding season.

Development of Agriculture, Hunting, Fishing and Reindeer Herding in Magadan Region in 1954–1957

The article, based on archival materials, examines the development of agriculture and commercial sectors in the Magadan Region during the crucial transitional period of 1954–1957, when the region coexisted with Dalstroy after the establishment of the Magadan Oblast. It analyzes measures taken by authorities to stimulate, modernize technologically and support financially the agricultural sector and commercial sectors in the region, as well as dynamics of key production, economic and social indicators in such vital areas of rural economy as reindeer herding, fur farming, crop production, animal husbandry, fur trapping, marine and river fishing and sea mammal hunting. Despite undertaken efforts and achievements, the development of the industry was hampered by insufficient financing, lack of equipment and infrastructure, and shortage of qualified personnel. The leading sector remained reindeer herding, which provided up to a third of all cash income of collective farms. However, this sphere also saw declining productivity and performance indicators. The volumes of fur trapping and sea mammal hunting decreased substantially. Problems in many areas of agriculture and commercial sectors were associated with the elimination of Dalstroy's organizational units. The transitional period was characterized by stagnation in the development of agricultural and commercial sectors in the region.

Comparison of the Use of a Hydrogen–Air Gas Turbine Energy Storage System of a Wind Farm and a Power Supply System Based on Diesel Generator Units in Magadan Oblast

Comparison of the Use of a Hydrogen–Air Gas Turbine Energy Storage System of a Wind Farm and a Power Supply System Based on Diesel Generator Units in Magadan Oblast

Response of Diatoms from Gryazevoe Lake (Magadan Oblast) to Environmental Changes in the Northern Coast of the Sea of Okhotsk in the Late Pleistocene–Holocene

Response of Diatoms from Gryazevoe Lake (Magadan Oblast) to Environmental Changes in the Northern Coast of the Sea of Okhotsk in the Late Pleistocene–Holocene

Satellite-Based Mapping of the Negative Impact of Gold Mining Enterprises on the Natural Environment of the Cryolithozone (Using the Example of Magadan Oblast)

Satellite-Based Mapping of the Negative Impact of Gold Mining Enterprises on the Natural Environment of the Cryolithozone (Using the Example of Magadan Oblast)

Approaches to assessing the scientific potential of the region from the point of view of ensuring economic security

Aim. To assess the state of the scientific potential of the Magadan Oblast from the point of view of its influence on the formation of economic security of the region.Objectives. To define the concept of “scientific potential of the region” and reveal its structure; to consider the existing approaches to assessing the scientific potential of the region; to conduct a comparative analysis of the scientific potential of the Magadan Oblast and the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD).Methods. The scientific potential of the region is considered in the plane and component aspects from the position of three components: technological, innovative, educational. The assessment of each component is based on three interrelated planes: formation, development and utilization.Results. The tendency to decrease the scientific potential of the Magadan Oblast in all three components both in absolute terms and in comparison with the indicators of the Far Eastern Federal District has been revealed. The greatest reduction of indicators is revealed in the sphere of scientific and technological potential.Conclusions. There is a growing threat to the economic security of the region due to the lag of the Magadan Oblast from other regions of the Far Eastern Federal District both on the level of innovation and technological development and on the formation of scientific personnel for the needs of the regional economy. It is recommended to concentrate efforts in the sphere of development of scientific and educational potential, since it is the sphere that determines the strategic development of the region and long-term economic security.