Madurai District Of Tamil Nadu Research Articles

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CHALLENGES OF WOMEN CONSTRUCTION WORKERS: A CASE STUDY IN MADURAI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

The construction sector plays an important role in the livelihoods of rural poor populations, contributing significantly to their economic sustenance. This study focuses on the status and significance of women construction workers in the Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. More than 3 lakh construction workers are employed in Tamil Nadu facing various challenges on a daily basis. Women in this sector encounter numerous issues including socio-economic hardships, environmental risks and health problems at the worksite. The present study investigates the socio-economic conditions and occupational health problems faced by women in Madurai’s construction industry. The construction sector a key employer in developing countries like India predominantly hires unskilled and semi-skilled labour. Women workers in construction industry endure long working hours, wage discrimination and adverse working conditions often with limited access to social security or healthcare. Data collected from 60 respondents through purposive sampling reveals that most of the women workers are between 30 and 50 years old and have only a primary level of education. Despite their significant contributions these women face a multitude of challenges such as health issues like neck and shoulder pain, anaemia and asthma with minimal awareness of medical insurance. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at improving economic security, health awareness, and working conditions for women in the construction sector. KEYWORDS: construction women workers, marginalized, health problems, wage discrimination, livelihood.

IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE ON INCOME THROUGH SHGs IN MADURAI DISTRICT

This study examines the responsibility of microfinance institutions towards changes in the livelihood practices of the borrowers. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from the women Self Help Group members in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu by using interview schedules. Considering a total of 120 borrowers of Madurai, the impact of microfinance on their lives has been observed empirically by applying different statistical tools. In this study, impact of micro finance on income. For this the impact analysis of pre and post SHG members’ situation has been taken. This study contributes to the extant literature on microfinance by comparing pre-loan and post-loan phases and identified. Gini co-efficient of concentration ratio was used to measure the extent of inequalities in the distribution of income in the households of SHG members before and after joining SHGs. The upward shift in the Lorence curve towards the diagonal line for after joining SHGs, clearly shows that there is an improvement in the income inequality among the SHG members after joining SHGs. By considering the appropriate framework and approach, this study is explicable towards policymakers for designing further policies in this context and helps identify resources that need to flourish the current state in the future.

A study on impact of demography factor on consumer awareness on solar energy product

Solar power is a clean and green energy source produced from the sun’s light or heat. Unless fossil fuels are finite, solar energy can be sustained and is completely inexhaustible. It is also a non-polluting source of energy that produces no greenhouse emissions when it generates electricity. Electricity vendors and the government actively promote the use of solar products to meet rising demand and complete the transition to a sustainable economy. Consumers must be aware of the various solar products in order to be motivated to purchase them. As a result, the current study investigates consumer’s awareness of solar products in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu. The study is descriptive in nature, including both primary and secondary data for analysis. The respondents were proportionately chosen as a sample and the information of 300 respondents was accepted and used for analysis and interpretation. To determine the level of consumers awareness of solar products the study employed statistical techniques are simple percentage analysis and Chi-Square analysis. The level of consumers awareness has been examined in this study, and appropriate recommendations have been made to increase consumers awareness of solar products.

Investigation of sheep anthrax outbreak in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu, India

Investigation of sheep anthrax outbreak in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu, India

Gender Inequality and Discrimination: A Special Case of Local Community, with Reference to Local Commons in Madurai District of Tamilnadu

The present study focuses on gender inequality and discrimination within a local rural community, with special reference to common property resources. The rural population faces numerous challenges in collecting raw materials from these Common Property Resources (CPRs). Local inhabitants heavily rely on these common property land resources due to the cost-free and convenient access they provide for their daily sustenance and livelihood maintenance. However, in the area of concern, the majority or dominant community often controls or encroaches upon these common property resources. Gender inequality significantly impacts the livelihood and survival of the rural poor. This research was conducted in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, and involved over three hundred sample respondents. The study employed the simple percentage method and chi-square test for analytical purposes. The findings revealed that common property resources are highly available and accessible but are in poor condition in the study area. Additionally, caste and economic discrimination are prevalent issues within the local community.

A Systematic Tri-level Demand-driven Supply-side Management Approach on Enhancing Building Energy Performance in an Educational Institution

The concept of demand-side management (DSM) is a ceaseless research topic craving an advanced, superior, and qualitative strategy for improving customers’ level of satisfaction with energy utilization. It encourages the active participation of prosumers and paves the way for sufficient energy proficiency. However, less attention is paid to accounting for consumers’ comfort and priorities. This paper presents a tri-level systematic approach for implementing demand-side and supply-side management at the consumer end. The proposed Tri-level Demand-Driven Supply-Side Management (TDD-SSM) framework commences with gathering knowledge on available loads in the department building block of a higher educational institution situated in the Madurai district of Tamil Nadu, India. The incorporated DSM technique follows strategic load categorization and load scheduling. Following that, a feasibility study on optimal sources is accomplished with Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources software. The simulation is done to have a clear comparison in rendering a techno-enviro-economically feasible configuration of energy source to loads (with and without DSM). Ultimately, the framework concludes by picking the most promising energy configuration through the ideal computational multi-criteria decision-making–Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation II approach, which highlights the energy configuration of photovoltaic solar generation supply along with grid feeding loads after DSM incorporation and is found to be the best energy configuration under techno-enviro-economic criteria.

Effectiveness of different Extension Methods in Transfer of Green Technologies for Agriculture: A Conceptual Framework

The present study was conducted in Trichy and Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. From each district two blocks were selected. The total sample size of 240 were selected for the present investigation. More than half (59.58%) of the respondents perceived that farm and home visit by NGO as the most effective method in transferring the green technology. It was clear that more than half (53.33%) of the respondents reported that farm and home visit as the most effective method in individual contact method in transfer of green technology by KVK. It was ostensible that 62.08 per cent of the farmers reported that farm and home visit as the most effective method in the category of individual contact method in transfer of green technology by State Department of Agriculture. It could be observed that F= 37.22 is significant at one per cent level of probability. It indicates that there is significant difference in effectiveness among the NGO’s, KVK’s and State Department. KVK’s (53.54) had a highest mean value.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Livelihood Index among Millet Farmers Associated with Farmers Producer Organizations (FPOs) in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu

This study conducted in 2022 across the Sedapatti, Thirumangalam, and Usilampatti Blocks of Madurai District in Tamil Nadu, aimed to explore the Livelihood Index among Millet Farmers associated with Farmers Producer Organizations (FPOs). Employing a sample size of 120 respondents through a proportionate random selection procedure, data collection was facilitated via structured personal interviews. The study unveiled that a majority of respondents (68.33%) exhibited a medium level of livelihood, characterized by access to all five capitals - Natural Capital, Physical Capital, Human Capital, Social Capital, and Financial Capital. Moreover, 19.16% reported a high level of livelihood, while 12.05% experienced a low level, This distribution underscores the varying degrees of resource accessibility among the surveyed individuals, shedding light on the diversity of livelihood conditions within the studied population. The study's findings emphasize that the elevated livelihoods of millet farmers and members of Farmers Producer Organizations (FPOs) are strongly linked to their access to natural capital resources. It becomes evident that there is a notable requirement for improvement, particularly concerning financial capital, followed by social capital and human capital. The enhancement of these aspects holds the potential to empower respondents to efficiently harness the available capitals, thus fostering sustainable livelihoods. This suggests that strategic efforts towards bolstering financial resources, social networks, and individual capabilities are key to optimizing livelihood outcomes in the context of millet farming and FPO engagement.

Changing Scenario of Agricultural Production in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu

India has a lengthy history of agriculture that dates back ten thousand years. Indian agriculture was developed about 9000 BC as a result of early plant domestication and crop and animal domestication. With the advancement of agricultural tools and methods, life quickly began. Indian economy was renowned for centuries for self-contained village communities prior to the introduction of British Rule. Agriculturists, cottage industrialists, village craftsmen, artisan professions, unskilled labourers, and village administrators made up village communities.In addition to supplying the requirements of the village economy, these communities were able to create and export a variety of goods to other nations. Agriculture was a way of life at the time, and farmers only produced for their own consumption. Food crops like wheat and rice were the most significant ones. People began to revere and respect plants and animals since they were seen as necessary to their survival.In India, farmers often cultivate crops on a small plot of land with the help of their families. The farmer and his family consume the majority of the crops produced by this method; there is very little extra to be sold on the market. For more than 700 years, this kind of agriculture has dominated the nation and continues to do so in many regions of India.

Determinants of Participation of Members in Farmer Producer Organization in Madurai District

Aims: The study aimed to identify the factors influencing the participation of members in FPO.
 Study Design: The study has utilized random sampling method to identify sample districts, sample blocks, sample villages and sample respondents for interview.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu in the month of May 2023.
 Methodology: Primary data was used in the study. Logit regression model was used to identify the factors influencing the participation of members in FPO. A well-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the sample respondents. A sample of 60 members and 60 non-members of FPO were chosen at random and relevant data were collected.
 Results: The estimates of the logit regression function revealed that family size, annual income, landholding, distance to market, extension service, marketing facilities and input availability were found to be the major factors influencing the participation of members in FPO and found significant. Of these variables, family size, annual income, distance to market, extension service, marketing facilities storage facilities and input availability were positively influencing the probability of participation of members in FPO programme. However, farm size was negatively influencing the probability of participation of members in FPO.
 Conclusion: Based on the analysis, it is evident that the variables such as family size, annual income, distance to market, extension service, marketing facilities and storage facilities were found significant and positively influencing the probability of participation of sample respondents in FPO programme. However, the variable namely farm size was found to be significant but negatively influencing the probability of participation of sample respondents in FPO programme. It is also evident that the probability of participation of small and marginal farmers in FPO is found high. It is concluded that provision of services by FPOs such as training and capacity building programme, marketing facility, supply of inputs, transport arrangements to the farmer may increase their participation in FPO.

A Study on Analysis of Factors Responsible for Adoption and Non-adoption of Green Technologies in Rice Based Ecosystem

The present study was conducted in Trichy and Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. From each district two blocks were selected. Thus, the total sample size of 240 were selected for the present investigation. Nature of technology (RBQ = 89.29) was the foremost factor governing the adoption of green technologies in technology and cultivation factor, social recognition (RBQ= 75.46) was the primary factor in social factors. Premium price (RBQ=72.58) was the foremost marketing factor followed by subsidies and schemes (RBQ= 73.37) as the paramount economic factor governing the adoption and non-adoption of green technologies as perceived by the farmers. Improvement needs to be done in accessing information by farmers. Most of the farmers felt complexity in the use of agricultural invention. This could be rectified by participatory technology development approach where farmers also a part of technology development. The farmers need to be provided with the knowledge of market demand for the produce, which will help the farmers to get more income and wastage of the produce will also minimized.

Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Production in Selected Revenue Villages in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu: An Economic Perspective

In the long run, the climate change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly influence the food production across the globe. An increase in mean seasonal temperature is likely to shorten the duration of many crops and thus reduce yields. In areas where temperature is already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately (IPCC, 2007). With this context, an attempt is made to analyze the production trend of agricultural sector in the selected revenue villages in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. In the year of 2006-2007 grain and Pulses production was high level. In 2007-08 Pulses production was very low. In the 9 revenue villages which we took for research but, only 3 parts are produced in sugar crops. In the 3 villages, pulses production is zero. Most of the Sugar crops have been produced in the year 2007-08. In the year of 2007-08 more fruits and vegetables were produced. But in 2013-14 the fruits and vegetables are much lower and in 2009-10 it is much less. Oil seed Crops production is have been equally, with small differences in all years. In the year of 2007-08, more Oil seeds crops were produced. In the year 2012-13 the lowest produced with Oil seeds crops.

Crop Planning using Rainfall Variability and Probability Analysis for Madurai District of Tamil Nadu

Background: Agriculture is the most sensitive sector to climate variability. In rain-fed ecosystems, rainfall is the single most essential component in crop planning. Crop planning using rainfall variability and probability analysis helps to improve the productivity. Methods: A study was taken for crop planning in Madurai district by analyzing the rainfall variability and probability analysis using 40 years (1982-2021) of weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall data. Result: The mean annual rainfall in Madurai district was 925.5 mm was spread over 74 rainy days with 24.7 per cent of coefficient of variation thereby the rainfall is dependable over years with decreasing trend. The probability analysis showed that receiving 20 mm rainfall per week was for 12 weeks (32 to 45th week) except 35 and 37th week which is helpful for sowing and planting. On the other hand, highest mean monthly rainfall was received in October (176 mm) followed by September (137.4 mm). Seasonal analysis resulted that Southwest monsoon had high rainfall quantity with mean value of 397.7 mm. Rice is the major crop cultivated in this region should be replaced by maize, green gram, black gram, cowpea, sorghum, ragi and minor millets which can withstand drought conditions with less crop duration.

A Study on Knowledge Level of Rice Growers on Green Technologies in Rice Based Ecosystem for Sustainable Agriculture in Madurai and Trichy District of Tamil Nadu

The present study was conducted in Trichy and Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. From each district two blocks were selected. Thus, the total sample size of 240 were selected for the present investigation. that higher percentage of the Trichy farmers had high level of knowledge towards green technologies (43.33%) followed by low (36.67%) and medium (20.00%) level of knowledge towards green technologies. Meanwhile, half of the Madurai farmers had high level of knowledge (50.00%) followed by low (36.67%) and medium (13.33%) level of knowledge towards green technologies.The R2 value indicated that all the variables contributed 59.60% and 66.90% variation in the knowledge level among the respondents of Trichy and Madurai district respectively.

Residual Effect of Preceding Rice Herbicide on Weed Control, Growth and Productivity of Succeeding Okra in Madurai District of Tamil Nadu

An experiment was conducted at Agricultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai during rabi2016 with a view to study the residual effect of preceding rice herbicide on weed control efficiency, growth and productivity of succeeding okra. Rice herbicide residue exerted significant difference in grasses, sedges and broad leaved weeds density at 20 DAS. In grass, the lowest weed density of 11.67 weeds/m was registered under residual effect of butachlor at 1.25 kg ha on 3 DAT HW on 40 DAT in rice + HW twice at 20 2 -1 fb and 40 DAS in okra. Similar trend was also observed in sedges and broad leaved weeds. The same treatment recorded higher plant height of 21.7, 53.1 and 92.7 cm and DMP of 624, 3296 and 9481 at 30, 60 and 105 days respectively and the fruit yield of 15.37 t ha were kg ha-1 -1recorded. It is registered 83.0 and 97.8% higher fruit yield than residual effect of oxadiargyl loaded with zeolite on 3 DAT and oxadiargyl loaded with biochar on 3 DAT respectively.

Effect of organic fortified zinc on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek) in typic chromustert

Zinc is a crucial micronutrient for crop growth and enzymatic regulations. The present study was formulated to reveal the effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village, Kalligudi block, Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. A total of eight treatments with three replications were designed to grow in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments consisted of recommend dose fertilizers (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + various sources organics applied such as vermicompost (1:5), poultry manure (1:5), biochar (1:5), FYM (1:10) incubated with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University micronutrient mixture enriched with FYM (1:10) for 30 days. Among the treatments, application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other. The lowest yield parameters were spotted in absolute control. A considerable increase in yield (25 %) was detected when the crop was supplemented with organically fortified Zinc than the commercial ZnSO4. The study concluded that the application of biofortified Zn will deliver higher growth and yield in green gram.

Analysis on Adoption of Blackgram Growers in Periyar vaigai Command Area of Madurai District

The IAM Project will bring the policy and institutional development achieved under IAMWARM project to a new level and will serve as the key vehicle for implementing the Tamil Nadu Government agenda in further enhancing water and agriculture productivity in a sub basin framework. Madurai District of Tamil Nadu was purposively selected for this study because Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project was conducted under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The foremost objective of the study was to assess the adoption level of respondents in study area. Majority of the TN-IAMP beneficiaries (81.70% had medium level of adoption followed by nearly less than one-sixth of the total beneficiaries (15.80%) possess low adoption and only 2.5% of the beneficiaries had high level of adoption rate in this study.

Impact on Knowledge of Blackgram Growers in Periyar Vaigai Command Area of Madurai District

The World Bank Supported TN IAM (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization) Project is a follow up of IAMWARM presently it was called as (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water-Bodies Restoration and Management) Project which has made significant development and impacts in the Tamil Nadu state by modernizing irrigation infrastructure, improving water use efficiency, enhancing yield and productivity of agriculture in a climate resilient production systems, diversification towards high-value crops, strengthening the institutional reforms through Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) and Water Users Association (WUA). Madurai District of Tamil Nadu was purposively selected for this study because Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project was conducted under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The foremost objective of the study is to assess the knowledge level of respondents in the study area. According to crop production technology aspects revealed that (79.00%) of the beneficiaries possessed knowledge in using VBN 6 variety for cultivation. The study concluded that majority (80.00%) of the beneficiaries were possessed knowledge on (cultural control) fixation of light traps, crop rotation (77.50%) and sowing carry out in proper season.

Awareness, Prevalence and Coping of Domestic Violence among Women School Teachers

Domestic violence is a normal activity in Indian society, where violence at home is considered part and parcel of life. Women have been imbibed in their minds from childhood not to discuss domestic violence in a public forum as it would bring shame to the family. Domestic violence is interpersonal violence that has shattered the lives of millions of Indian women despite their education and social status. School Teachers in rural India play a predominant role in building the nation by educating the life skills of the young generation. The study aims to find out the Awareness, Prevalence and coping of Domestic violence among the women School Teachers in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu and finds the association between domestic violence and selected socio-demographic variables. It is a descriptive study, and a Self- prepared questionnaire was administered to 80 women school teachers of Private schools. The results reveal that only 2.5 per cent of them have a high level of awareness about domestic violence and 68 per cent are not ready to share with anyone about the violence faced by them in house. It is the least focussed issue in Indian society. The study states that it is the need of the hour of the state and non Government organisations to address this problem as a public health issue to save the physical and mental health of women.

IMPACT OF TRAINING ON THE AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE ON IMPROVED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES IN RED GRAM AMONG FARMERS

The training of farmers is a critical input for the rapid transfer of agricultural technologies. The present rate of agricultural production can be doubled if the available technologies are brought to bear with the production process and programmes focusing more and more on transferring our new technologies away from the confines of laboratories and research institutions to the farmers and make them more result and work oriented. In this context, training plays an important role to the farming community in boosting their farm production. Training for the farmer proved to be a significant input in accelerating our farm production. The present study was undertaken in the three blocks of the Madurai District of Tamil Nadu , 120 farmers were selected for the study. These farmers were trained at KVK in different aspects of Red gram production technologies. A knowledge test was developed to ascertain the knowledge of farmers on various aspects of Red gram cultivation technologies. The result exhibits that majority of the respondents were in middle age group, had middle school education, The findings of the study revealed that very few farmers were aware of the new technologies like redgram transplanting, after attending training programme they have got awareness on seed treatment with biofertilizer, weed management, water management techniques (74.00%), respectively and there was an increase in knowledge gain by the farmers after attending the training programme.