Accumulation Of Macronutrients Research Articles

Dry Matter and Macronutrient Accumulation in Digitaria insularis Biotypes Susceptible and Resistant to Glyphosate

Herbicide resistant is associated with morphological, physiological and metabolic alterations in weeds. These alterations may reflect changes in the nutritional status of resistant plants and their growth it can be inferred in greater adaptability and competitive ability of the resistant biotypes. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the dry matter and macronutrient accumulation and distribution by glyphosate-resistant and susceptible plants of Digitaria insularis (sourgrass), growing under mineral nutrition standard conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, with eleven treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of evaluation periods at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 and 165 days after emergence (DAE). The average time for maximum theoretical accumulation (PtMax) and for inflection points of dry mass and macronutrient were lower for susceptible (133 DAE; 99 DAE) than for resistant biotype (141 DAE; 105 DAE). However, considering the average time obtained by susceptible, dry mass (g) and macronutrients (mg) accumulation was always higher for resistant biotype. The decreasing sequence of nutrient accumulation was similar for both sourgrass biotypes: K, N, Ca, Mg, P and S.

Chemical Soil Attributes, Accumulation of Foliar Macronutrients and Productivity of the 'Vitória' Pineapple Plant Fertilized with Urea and Chicken Manure

The pineapple plant cultivar 'Vitória' is resistant to Fusarium and it presents similar characteristics to the cultivars 'Pérola' and 'Smoot Cayene'. However, the expansion of this new cultivar depends on the development of research on several aspects, among them, fertilization. In this context, the experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating soil fertility, foliar macronutrient contents and productivity in 'Vitória' pineapple plant in function of nitrogen fertilization with urea and chicken manure. The experiment was conducted under randomized block design, with four replications. Treatments consisted of five doses of N, in two sources of organic fertilization (chicken manure ) and mineral (urea), totaling nine combinations generated through the Central Composite Matrix of Box: T1 , 44 and 2.91; T 2 , 152 and 0; T 3 , 0 and 10; T 4, 44 and 17.1; T 5 , 260 and 2.91; T6 , 152 and 10; T7 , 152 and 20; T8 , 304 and 10; and T9, 260 and 17.1 g plant-1. At 6 months after planting the chicken manure decreased H + A1, Mg and CEC levels, and at 23 months after planting increased soil P, SB e CEC levels. In the two seasons, Urea has reduced pH and it reduced Mg, SB and CEC contents at six months after planting. Doses of urea between 10 and 12 g plant-1 are recommended in order to maximize the productivity of the pineapple plant.

Nutrient and iron cycling in a modern analogue for the redoxcline of a Proterozoic ocean shelf

Proterozoic oceans are characterized by a thin veneer of oxygenated surface waters underlain by anoxic or euxinic deeper waters, and it has been hypothesized that metabolically flexible microbes such as cyanobacteria would have thrived under these conditions. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between water chemistry, microbial mats, and the biogeochemical cycling of macronutrients (C, N, P, and S) and Fe in these redox transition zones. We investigated the burial of these elements in a modern analogue for the Proterozoic to constrain these relationships better. The low-oxygen and high sulfate water chemistry of Middle Island Sinkhole (MIS; a sinkhole within Lake Huron) allows for the proliferation of a microbial mat community with diverse metabolisms within the photic zone at the sediment-water interface similar to what has been hypothesized following the Great Oxidation Event (~2.35 Ga). Sediments from MIS were compared to those of a fully oxygenated Lake Huron control site in order to determine how water chemistry and microbial mat presence impact biogeochemical cycling. MIS sediments have a greater accumulation of macronutrients than Lake Huron, with stable C isotopes and C:N ratios demonstrating that the C buried within MIS and Lake Huron sediments comes from the same phytoplankton source. Given that both sites bury C from the same source, the increased organic matter burial in MIS is not dependent on microbial mat presence and instead must be controlled by differences in preservation. Sequential extraction of iron indicates that MIS is ferruginous, but not euxinic, and that Lake Huron is oxic; both results are consistent with measured water chemistry. At the same time, the presence of ferruginous iron speciation in sediments under a partly oxygenated water column suggests that the sediment is recording either rapid transformations across the redoxcline rather than the whole water column, some in situ re-speciation of iron, or both. This has important implications for our interpretations of Fe speciation results in the geologic record. Taken together, nutrient and Fe burial in the analogue MIS site demonstrate that Proterozoic biogeochemical cycling in surficial sediments may be predominately driven by a combination of water column and porewater redox chemistry, and not microbial activity.

Nutrients released by Urochloa cover crops prior to soybean

Urochloa spp. grow vigorously in the dry-season of the tropics, and have been used successfully to provide abundant surface residue as cover crop for no-till soybean (Glycine max). Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application could enhance cover crop biomass production and its ground cover and accelerate residue decomposition, but how these cascading factors affect nutrient availability to the subsequent soybean crop is not known. We evaluated nutrient cycling and soybean nutrition and yield components following different timings of N application to living and desiccated Urochloa cover crops. The experiment was conducted in two growing seasons at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Treatments consisted of two cover crop grasses (Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa ruziziensis) and six N management systems [control (no N application); N application at soybean sowing (40 kg N ha−1) plus topdressing (60 kg N ha−1 at V5 stage); N application 20 days before desiccation (DBD) of cover crops, N application 10 DBD; N application 5 DBD; and N application 1 day before sowing of soybean, using the rate of 100 kg N ha−1 in the latter four treatments]. Both cover crops produced high amount of shoot biomass (> 9.7 Mg ha−1), but U. brizantha was 48% more productive than U. ruziziensis. Nutrient accumulation in cover crop straw was enhanced due to greater biomass production in treatments with N applied 20 and 10 DBD. Soybean grain yield was 17% greater following U. brizantha than following U. ruziziensis. Nitrogen application at different times did not affect soybean grain yield. These results suggest that Urochloa biomass, macronutrient accumulation, and subsequent release rates can be enhanced with N application, but it had little short-term impact on soybean yield components.

Dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in Crotalaria spectabilis shoots

Among Crotalaria L. species, Crotalaria spectabilis stands out for its good adaptation to various production systems in the Brazilian cerrado, high nutrient cycling, reduction of weeds incidence, and antagonistic action on the nematode population. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize dry matter production and macronutrient accumulation in plant shoots at different growth and development stages. The experimental design consisted of random blocks, with 12 cutting times and 5 repetitions. At each collection, the plants were divided into leaves, stems + branches, pods, and seeds, for macronutrient level determination. The stem + branches are the primary drain on nutrients during the formation of reproductive structures. Macronutrient concentration in the shoots exhibited the following order: K > N>Ca > P>Mg > S and the order of nutrient export in seeds was N > K>P > Ca > S>Mg. Cutting aimed at nutrient supply to the soil should be conducted before pod formation, and at the end of the cycle for biomass production.

Crescimento de rosa do deserto fertirrigada com diferentes proporções de nitrato/amônio

This study aimed to determine NO3 - /NH4 + proportion delivered by fertigation that allows greater desert rose plants growth in pots. Plants were cultivated in greenhouse in polypropylene pots, using a mixture of sand and composted Pinus powder (1:1, v v-1) as substrate. Experimental design was completely randomized, with six treatments (control, 0/100 25/75, 50/50, 75/25 and 100/0 of NO3 – and NH4 + respectively), and ten replications. Fertigation was performed weekly in the amount of 100 mL per pot for 180 days. Variables evaluated were: shoot height, basal diameter of the caudice, number of branches, roots, leaves and caudice dry mass and macronutrient contents determination and accumulation in leaves, caudice and root. NO3 – and NH4 + proportion promoted a greater change in nutrient content in leaves compared to caudice and roots. The proportion 25/75 NO3 – /NH4 + is recommended for desert rose cultivation, as it provides the best results for most of the characteristics studied.

Weed Interference on the Accumulation of Dry Mass and Macronutrients of Eggplant ‘Nápoli’

ABSTRACT: The presence of weeds may affect both growth and nutrition of agricultural crops due to interference. The objective was to evaluate the interference of weeds in the dry mass distribution and in the accumulation of dry mass and macronutrients in eggplant. The treatments consisted of increasing weed-free and weedy periods (0-14, 0-28, 0-42, 0-56, 0-70, 0-84, 0-98, 0-112, 0-126, 0-140 and 0-154 days after transplanting) in eggplant ‘Nápoli’. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. Weeds affected the distribution of dry mass between vegetative and reproductive organs of eggplant. There was a significant reduction in the accumulation of dry mass and macronutrients when weeds grew with eggplant crop beyond 42 days after transplanting, reaching the maximum reduction of 79%, 75%, 80%, 82%, 83%, 83% and 80% in the accumulation of dry mass, K, N, Ca, Mg, P and S, respectively. Therefore, the weed community significantly affects the growth and mineral nutrition of eggplant ‘Napoli’, and there should be no weed-crop coexistence beyond 28 days after seedling transplanting.

In-season Accumulation and Partitioning of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Irrigated Sugar Beet Production

In-season Accumulation and Partitioning of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Irrigated Sugar Beet Production

Nitrogen fertilisation improves the grain production efficiency and sustainability of out-of-season corn and Congo grass intercropping

Intercropping is a method for straw production and maintenance during the dry season in no-tillage systems. Among the crops used for intercropping are corn and grasses. However, nitrogen can interfere with the production capacity of these plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient accumulations and efficiency values of out-of-season corn and Congo grass intercropped under a no-tillage system as a function of the nitrogen fertilisation applied by side dressing. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with four replicates of four nitrogen application rates: 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1. The evaluations were carried out when the corn was physiologically mature. The phosphorus and potassium accumulation and nitrogen utilisation efficiency of the out-of-season corn did not respond to the nitrogen rates. The nitrogen recovery efficiency and the nitrogen to biomass conversion efficiency of the Congo grass also did not respond to nitrogen application rates. Nitrogen fertilisation as side dressing in the rows of the out-of-season corn and Congo grass intercropping improves the nutrient cycling in the no-tillage system. Side dressing fertilisation with nitrogen improves the agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of the out-of-season corn and Congo grass intercropping under a no-tillage system.

The impact of cover crops and foliar application of micronutrients on accumulation of macronutrients in potato tubers at technological maturity stage

The impact of cover crops and foliar application of micronutrients on accumulation of macronutrients in potato tubers at technological maturity stage

Zinc Application Enhances Biological Yield and Alters Nutrient Uptake by Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

ABSTRACTZinc (Zn) deficiency is often associated with calcareous soils throughout the world, whereas application of Zn not only enhances biological yield but exhibits significant interactions with nutrients. Hence, a two-year field experiment was performed in 2004 and 2005 to assess the crop Zn requirements as well as nutrient interactions in cotton. The present study followed a randomized complete block design with five Zn levels: 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 kg Zn as ZnSO4.7H2O. The biological yield of cotton increased progressively with increasing Zn rates. In general, cotton yield was higher in 2005 over 2004. Interestingly, Zn fertilization resulted in increased accumulation of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), boron (B), and Zn, whereas decreased the phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) (p ≤ 0.05) uptake by cotton. The enhanced macronutrients accumulation in cotton by Zn application improved the cotton yield. In conclusion, biological yield and nutrient composition of the cotton plant are greatly influenced by Zn supply under irrigated environments.

Effect of potassium (K+) on growth, yield components and macronutrient accumulation in Wheat crop

Abstract Plant growth, nutrient uptake and yield can be sustained by the application of potassium fertilization. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of macronutrients accumulation of wheat about different potassium rates.The results revealed that the effect of different potassium levels on the growth and grain yield of wheat was significant. The application of potassium at 100% increased the most of the growth, yield components and accumulation of nutrients in wheat crop from 20−50% as compared to (control) the plots receiving no potassium application. In comparison to control, potassium application at 75% also significantly increased growth and yield components from 8−40%, however, potassium application of 50 and 25% increased the growth and yield components by 4−20%. As compared to plots receiving no potassium, application of potassium resulted 3−6% higher nitrogen content in grain and 2−11% higher nitrogen content in straw. While, potassium application increased the potassium contents by 50−154% in grain and 70-140% contents of potassium in straw as compared to control plots. However, in comparison to plots without potassium nutrition, application of potassium fertilization improved phosphorus contents by 2−10% in grain and 3-50% in straw of wheat crop. Among potassium levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were significant indicating that potassium at the rate of 100% was an optimum level for obtaining maximum grain yields in wheat crop. This study concluded that application of potassium nutrition increased the all growth, yield comonents and accumumation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in grain and straw of wheat crop. Keywords: Macronutrients; Potassium; Wheat http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.700183

Macronutrient uptake and export in transgenic corn under two levels of fertilization

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate macronutrient uptake and export by transgenic corn hybrids under medium and high fertilization levels. For each fertilization level, a randomized complete block design was carried out in the summer crop season, under no-tillage and supplementary irrigation, with four cultivars and four replicates. Plants were sampled throughout the entire cycle and separated into leaves, stalk, husk, cob, and grains for the determination of dry matter mass and accumulation of macronutrients in the different growth stages. Under the high fertilization level, a greater dry matter mass and nutrient uptake were observed, but grain yield was similar to that under the medium fertilization level. The uptake of N, P, Ca, Mg, and S occurs until later in the cycle of the transgenic cultivars, which also showed lower concentrations of P, K, and S in grains, when compared to older hybrids. The differential behavior of the evaluated cultivars under different fertilization levels indicates the need of updating and improving nutritional management and fertilizer recommendations for the corn crop.

Accumulation of dry mass and macronutrients by the Caeté tomato cultivar under field conditions

New cultivation techniques associated to the use of genetic materials of highly productive potential have provided the need for studies related to the accumulation of dry mass and nutrients by tomato plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of dry mass and macronutrients by the ‘Caeté’ tomato at Chapada do Apodi-CE. The accumulation of dry mass and nutrients was quantified by sampling the plants at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 99 days after transplantation (DAT). The total accumulation of macronutrients in the plant followed the dry mass accumulation, with higher demands in the fruiting phase. The accumulation of macronutrients at 99 DAT followed by the following decreasing order: K> N> Ca> S> Mg> P. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were accumulated in larger quantities in the fruits, while the other macronutrients in the vegetative part.

Initial development and nutrition of Eugenia dysenterica DC. on substrates formulated with sugarcane bagasse and filter cake

The 'Eugenia dysenterica' DC.is a species native toBrazilian Cerrado(popularly known as cagaita),which presents many medicinal and nutritional properties.There is little information on about the propagation of this plant using seedlings.The sugarcane bagasse (SB) and filter cake (FC) can be an alternative for low-cost substrates formulation in regions with sugarcane production like the Cerrado region. This study aimed to investigate the use of SB and FC as substrates in the proportions of 100%SB, 75:25% SB:FC, 50:50% SB:FC, 25:75% SB:FC and 100% FC, along with a comercial subtrate (Trimix)for the initial development of 'E.dysenterica'. The variables such particle density (PD), water availability(WA), remaining water (WR), aeration space(AS) and total porosity (TP) of the substrates were studied.The 'E.dysenterica' seeds were sown in appropriate plastic containers filled with288 cm3 of respective substrates.The seedlings were evaluated for plant height (H), stem diameter ( ), leaf area (A), shoot, root and total dry matter, and Dickson Quality Index (DQI), along with macronutrients accumulation,120 days after sowing.The treatment with combinationof25:75% SB:FC seemed to be a very appropriate substrate for production of 'E.dysenterica' seedlings. This combination has shown adequate values for physical quality parameters.The reduction of SB proportion and increasing the FC caused increases in PD, WR and TP parameters and contrarily reduction inWA and AS. They promoted higher values for development of H, , A, plant dry mass and DQI as well as the highest accumulation of N, P, K and Ca.

Phosphate fertilization influences macronutrient accumulation in watermelon cv Magnum

ABSTRACT Studies on nutrient uptake are important to understand nutritional needs of crops, which demand may also be influenced by fertilization management, particularly P fertilization. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate macronutrient accumulation and distribution in watermelon cv. Magnum, under two forms of phosphate fertilization. The experiment was carried out in a sandy-textured Argisol in Mossoró-RN. The experimental design was a randomized block design, arranged in split plot in time, with four replicates. We evaluated dose of 137 kg ha-1 of P2O5 under two forms of fertilization [pre-planting (F0) and pre-planting + topdressing (F1)]. Triple superphosphate (SFT) was used for pre-planting applications and topdressing applications were done through fertigation using monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 34 kg ha-1 of P2O5). Shoot samples (stem + leaf + fruit) of the experimental plots were collected at 27, 34, 40 and 55 days after emergence (DAE), and quantitative values of the accumulated nutrients were determined. In general, the highest accumulation of macronutrients occurred in the last third of the crop cycle. General accumulation of macronutrient was altered by fertilization form. An increase in P accumulation was observed using F1 fertilization, both in total and in fruits. Macronutrient accumulation rates increased during the evaluation period, except for Ca and Mg in F1 fertilization. F1 fertilization provided higher total accumulations of Ca and Mg, but the same did not occur for the accumulation in fruits.

Impacts of water availability on macronutrients in fruit and leaves of conilon coffee

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the concentrations and accumulation of macronutrients in conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) fruit, and their concentrations in leaves, over two years, in irrigated and nonirrigated coffee plants. Three-year-old conilon coffee plants of the cultivar Emcapa 8111 genotype 02 were used. An experimental design was carried out in randomized complete blocks, in a split-plot arrangement, with 14 replicates. The main plot factor was irrigation versus nonirrigation of coffee plants, and the split-plot factor was different fruit and leaf collection times. Collections began 10 days after the beginning of flowering and were performed on average every 28 days, until full fruit ripening. At each sampling date, five plants per treatment were picked out, by collecting one plagiotropic branch by plant, separated into fruit and leaves. Each part was dried, weighed, and subjected to the chemical analysis. Macronutrient accumulations and their accumulation rates were determined. According to the regression analysis of the data, fruit macronutrient accumulation curves fit best to sigmoidal equations. Irrigation affects the macronutrient dynamics in fruit and leaves during the fruiting phase of conilon coffee, and increases the accumulation of nutrients in the plant tissues. The macronutrients found in greater quantities are N, K, and Ca, in fruit and leaves, regardless of the irrigation treatment.

Accumulation and partition of macronutrients in Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo managed under different growth ages and seasons

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient accumulations in leaf, stem, and shoot of elephant grass cv. Roxo. The treatments consisted of seven growth ages (9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, and 63 days) and three growing seasons (rainy, transition, and dry). A completely randomized design and a split-plot time arrangement were used, where the ages were the plots and the seasons the subplots, with three replications. Interaction between the factors age and season of cultivation for the contents and the daily accumulation rates of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S in leaf, stem, and shoot fractions were calculated. The margins of daily accumulation of nutrients N, P, K, Mg, and S presented positive linear behavior in all seasons studied; however, with variation in the magnitude of the response between them. The daily accumulation rate of Ca in the canopy was adjusted to a linear model for the rainy and dry seasons and to a quadratic model for the transition season, reaching a maximum of 4.60 kg ha-1 at 59.76 days of growth. The accumulation of nutrients in elephant grass cv. Roxo showed the following decreasing order: K > N > P > Mg > Ca > S in the rainy and transition seasons, while in the dry season the following decreasing order was observed: K > P > N > Ca > Mg > S.

Accumulation and export of nutrients in cactus pear cladodes (Opuntia ficus-indica) under different managements in the Brazilian Semiarid

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the accumulation and export of nutrients in cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cv. Gigante, fertilized with combinations of nitrogen (10, 70, 100, 130, and 190 kg ha−1 year−1 N) and phosphorus (10, 70, 100, 130, and 190 kg ha−1 year−1 P2O5) under annual and biennial harvests, in Quixada and Tejucuoca, using a split-plot randomized block design with four replications. In Quixada, under annual and biennial harvests, the following orders of accumulation of macronutrients (in kg ha−1 [...]

SELENIUM BIOFORTIFICATION OF RICE THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATION WITH SELENITE AND SELENATE

SUMMARYSelenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans, yet its dietary intake is low, mostly due to the low bioavailability in soils and therefore in edible plant tissues. To overcome Se deficiency, the breeding approach (i.e., genetic biofortification), namely in rice, is largely dependent on available Se pools. To ensure the success of genetic biofortification with Se, agronomic biofortification can be accomplished through foliar Se application. Considering this background, the main hypothesis of this work was centered in the foliar application of Se to attain agronomic biofortification of rice crops. This study also aimed to assess the full potential for increasing grain Se concentrations during rice filling, as well as the types of nutrients deposition. An experimental design applying two foliar fertilizers (sodium selenite and sodium selenate) was developed. As test systems, four rice genotypes (Ariete, Albatros, OP1105 and OP1109) were used and the kinetics of micro- and macro-nutrients accumulation and deposition were assessed. Biofortification was performed in field trials for two years with foliar fertilization ranging between 0 and 300 g Se ha−1. At the end of the plant cycle, selenite applications triggered 427- to 884-fold increases in grain Se concentrations among rice genotypes (Albatros > OP1105 > OP1109 > Ariete). The application of selenate also prompted 128- to 347-fold increases in grain Se concentrations in rice crops (Albatros > OP1105 > Ariete > OP1109). Regardless of the foliar fertilizer applied, Se deposition among genotypes occurred throughout the grain without relevant inhibitory effects on yields. In each genotype, micro and macronutrients varied among crop tissues.