Macromodel Research Articles

Mediating Influences of the Exchange Relationship with a Preceptor on the Relationship between Burnout and Job Retention Intention among New Nurses in Korea.

The main factor in the turnover of new nurses in Korea is burnout, and a high turnover rate can lead to discontinuation in the nursing profession, due to failure to adapt to the organization. This study aimed to examine the mediating influences of an exchange relationship with the preceptor on the relationship between burnout and job retention intention among new nurses in Korea. Data were collected from 210 new nurses in three general hospitals from 2 May to 30 June 2023. The following statistical analysis were conducted: t-test, ANOVA, the Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and Hayes Process Macro Model 4 (to test the mediating effect). Burnout was negatively associated with job retention intention (r = -0.54, p < 0.001) and the exchange relationship with the preceptor (r = -0.29, p = 0.001). The exchange relationship with the preceptor was positively associated with job retention intention (r = 0.38, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mediation analysis indicated that the exchange relationship with the preceptor mediated the relationship between burnout and job retention intention. According to the results, the impact of burnout on the job retention intention was mediated by the exchange relationship with the preceptor. Therefore, to increase the job retention intention of new nurses, developing programs to enhance the exchange relationship with the preceptor are recommended.

직장인의 성장마인드셋이 회복탄력성에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of office workers' growth mindset on resilience and to verify the dual mediating effect of grit and protean career attitude in the relationship between growth mindset and resilience.&#x0D; Methods For this study, 769 office workers were surveyed to measure the variables of growth mindset, resilience, grit, and protean career attitude, and data were collected. For the collected data, descriptive statistical analysis and reliability analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0, and Process Macro Model 6 was used for the analysis of the adjusted mediating effect.&#x0D; Results First, office workers’ growth mindset were found to have a significant direct effect on resilience. Second, Second, both grit and protean career attitude were significant single mediator on the relationship between office workers’ growth mindset and resilience. Third, office workers’ growth mindset and resilience through grit and protean career attitude was significant, and the sequential mediational model was supported.&#x0D; Conclusions Through the analysis results, it was suggested that resilience could be improved if workers had a growth mindset, grit to achieve their goals, and steadily developed a proactive, value-oriented protean career attitude. Also, the limitations and suggestions of this study were discussed.

The moderating effects of nurses' background characteristics on the relationship between family-centred care perception and practice for hospitalized children and their families in Malawi

PurposeGlobally, limited information is available on the relationship between the perception and practice of family-centered care (FCC), and the moderating effects of nurses' background characteristics on this relationship. This study investigated the relationship between FCC perception and FCC practice and the moderating effects of the nurses' background characteristics on this relationship. Design and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a two-stage stratified sampling method. Data were collected from 444 nurses using the Family Centered Care Questionnaire-Revised and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 25. The Hayes PROCESS macro model, version 3, was integrated into SPSS to examine the moderating effects at a significance level of 0.05. ResultsThe response rate was 98%, and a statistically significant positive association was found between FCC perception and FCC practice (r = 0.353, p < .001). Gender of a nurse (ΔR2 = 0.0206, p < .002), having children (ΔR2 = 0.0231, p < .001), experience (ΔR2 = 0.0107, p = .028), and working in a medical–surgical ward (ΔR2 = 0.0208, p = .008) had a statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between FCC perception and FCC practice. ConclusionThese findings provide minimal evidence of the existence of non-modifiable moderators of FCC. Future studies with modifiable moderators are therefore needed. Practice implications: Understanding the moderating effects of nurses' background characteristics on the relationship between FCC perception and FCC practice may facilitate the development of FCC interventions that favor these background characteristics and facilitate the integration of FCC into routine policies and practices.

The moderating effect of oral health on the association between exercise and frailty in patients with musculoskeletal disorders: Findings from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the effects of exercise and oral health on frailty and to investigate the moderating effect of oral health on the relationship between exercise and frailty among patients with musculoskeletal disorders. MethodsThis descriptive, cross-sectional study used data from the seventh wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Frailty index based on 41 deficits across seven domains was used, and oral health was assessed using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to confirm the moderating effect of oral health, and PROCESS macro model 1 by Hayes was applied to examine an inference test of the conditional effect of the moderator. ResultsData on 1,812 participants with musculoskeletal disorders (mean age 75.0 ± 8.6 years) was analyzed. Compared with no exercise, regular exercise (β= -2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]= -3.42; -1.34) was significantly associated with lower frailty level. Good oral health (β= -0.38, 95% CI= -0.44, -0.32) was significantly associated with lower frailty level. A significant moderating effect of oral health on the relationship between regular exercise and frailty was detected (β= 0.18, 95% CI= 0.05, 0.30). ConclusionsThe beneficial effects of regular exercise on frailty were greater in participants with poor oral health than in those with good oral health. Healthcare providers should actively encourage older patients with musculoskeletal disorders and poor oral health to exercise regularly. Combined exercise and oral healthcare interventions may be the most effective strategy for managing frailty in older patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

Multiscale beam model for simulating fracture in laminated glass structures

This paper presents a novel numerical model for the mechanical behavior of laminated glass structures. The numerical model is designed as the multiscale numerical approach capable of simulating the fracture of laminated glass elements. This approach combines the fine-scale multilayer model and the coarse-scale macro model to achieve accuracy with high computational efficiency. The multilayer model describes the real laminated glass cross-section and further provides the parameters for the macro model that has a monolithic cross-section and behaves according to the constitutive model derived from the fine-scale multilayer model. Thus, using fine-scale material parameters for glass and interlayer, a multiscale approach can increase computational efficiency. The proposed models are discretized using the embedded discontinuity finite element method (ED-FEM) and operator split computations. The discontinuity in the displacement field, typical of cracks as the dissipative mechanism for fracture, is represented with the embedded discontinuity approach. The heterogeneity of glass elements (regarding initial imperfections) is included using five different model setups. The comparison between numerical results and experimental tests (four-point bending tests on laminated glass elements) shows a very good agreement. In addition to these comparisons, simplified engineering approaches for deflection prediction are also tested in the numerical model and compared with experimental results.

Structural performance of authentic architectural heritage designs: A masonry monument in Western Anatolia

The aim of the study is to present a multi-leveled comparative evaluation approach for structural characteristics of historic masonry monuments so that the consciousness in their authentic designs is comprehended, and the optimum structural performance is clarified. A case study approach is preferred by the examination of the Bedesten (15th‒16th centuries) located in Bergama, İzmir, Turkey. The structure is documented through tacheometric techniques. The construction techniques of structural elements are mapped. These documented qualities are compared with similar period and/or function structures in order to rank the frequency of construction details. The geometrical factor of safety state is defined theoretically for domes and arches. Finite element macro model of the Bedesten is generated in ANSYS software and overall structural analysis of the structure is made to evaluate the safety level of historic building by the limit states through self-weight analysis. The presented study shows that the rare structural characteristics can both contribute to structural safety and cause vulnerability. Therefore, total consciousness in structural design cannot be stated for the studied Bedesten, but the structural designs that are often preferred in the monuments built at the same period in the proximity to each other have low vulnerability, yielding to conscious preferences.

TECHNOLOGY SELF-EFFICACY AND DIGITAL LITERACY AMONG ODL STUDENTS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENDER

This study investigated Open Distance Learning (ODL) students’ technology self-efficacy and digital literacy levels and how the relationship between their technology self-efficacy and digital literacy is moderated by gender. The study adopted a quantitative survey research approach and data was collected from 522 students from a selected ODL institution in Nigeria using an online survey. A structured questionnaire consisting of 3 domains namely, demographic, technology self-efficacy and digital literacy were used as a data collection instrument for the study. Data generated from the study were analysed using descriptive statistics of percentages, frequency count, mean and standard deviation while correlation and factor analyses were performed to estimate the model’s consistency and construct validity. The moderating role of gender was done using the process macro (Model 1) developed by Hayes, (2018). Results revealed amongst others that ODL students’ technology self-efficacy is very high and their digital literacy rate is high. Also, technology self-efficacy was shown to exhibit a substantial positive influence on digital literacy among the students. However, the results indicated that gender played an insignificant moderating role in the relationship between technology self-efficacy and digital literacy. Based on the results, it was recommended that efforts at increasing digitization in ODL delivery in Nigeria should take into consideration these factors. Also, policy actions aimed at engaging ODL learners in more technologically sophisticated learning platforms must be anchored on students’ belief in their ability to use the learning platforms to achieve their desired learning outcomes irrespective of their gender.

O te peinas, o te haces rolos: Intersectional discrimination, identity conflict, and mental health among Latinx sexual minoritized adults.

People of color with minoritized sexual identities (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer) experience identity-based challenges from outside and within their communities. Through the integrative lens of minority stress theory and intersectionality, the present study examined identity conflict, also known as conflicts in allegiances-the perceived incongruence between one's sexual and ethnic identities-as a statistical mediator of the association between intersectional discrimination (heterosexist discrimination experienced within the Latinx community and ethnic discrimination experienced within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ +] community) and mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety). A cross-sectional sample of 452 Latinx sexual minoritized adults living in the United States participated in the study. The PROCESS macro (Model 4; Hayes, 2018) was used to test the hypothesis that heterosexist discrimination experienced within the Latinx community and ethnic discrimination experienced within the LGBTQ + community are associated with depression and anxiety indirectly through identity conflict. In each mediation model, outness to family was included as a covariate, along with participant age, education, generation status, and language preference. Approximately 37% of participants had clinically significant depression scores and 54% had clinically significant anxiety scores. As expected, experiences of intersectional discrimination (i.e., Latinx heterosexist discrimination and LGBTQ + ethnic discrimination) were indirectly associated with depression and anxiety through higher levels of identity conflict. Findings increase awareness of unique psychosocial factors that may underlie mental health inequities affecting Latinx adults with minoritized sexual identities. Such knowledge can facilitate the development of culturally responsive interventions that best support this diverse population by addressing intersectional minority stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Investigating machine learning for simulating urban transport patterns: A comparison with traditional macro-models

Predicting passenger flow within a city is crucial for intelligent transportation management systems, especially in the context of urban development, post-pandemic policy changes, and infrastructure improvements. Traditional macro models have limitations in accurately capturing the complex structure of real traffic flows, and recent advancements in machine learning offer promising approaches for improving transportation simulations. This research aims to compare the effectiveness of traditional simulation models with a selective machine learning (ML) model for traffic flow prediction in Oslo, Norway. Sensitivity and scenario analyses are conducted to examine the models’ parameters and derive the city’s characteristics. Results substantiate that the traditional Spatial Interaction model (SIM), although interpretable and requiring fewer parameters, has limitations in accurately capturing real flow structures and exhibits greater variability compared to the ML model. Statistical analyses support these findings and raise questions about the validity of the ML model’s results over the SIM. The research highlights the potential of ML models to identify trends in passenger flows and simulate traffic flows in different scenarios related to city development. Overall, the research presents a decision support system for planners and policymakers to predict traffic flow accurately and efficiently. It highlights the benefits and drawbacks of both the traditional SIM and ML models, contributing to the ongoing discussion of the role of machine learning in transportation modeling.

Lateral Load Behavior of C-PSW/CFs Using Steel Members as Boundary Elements

Composite plate shear walls/concrete-filled (C-PSW/CFs), also known as SpeedCore systems, are a relatively new structural member in American codes and standards. Prior research has focused primarily on C-PSW/CF walls with either flange/closure plates or filled composite members as boundary elements. Walls without boundary elements have also been studied, but they are no longer permitted by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC 341-22). The reason is that composite walls without boundary elements do not provide adequate ductility for seismic design. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies conducted to evaluate the cyclic lateral load behavior of C-PSW/CFs using hot-rolled structural steel members as boundary elements. The steel web plates of the C-PSW/CF specimens were connected to each other using threaded tie bars with double nut connections. Composite interaction between the steel and concrete infill was achieved using the tie bars and additional shear studs welded to the boundary elements. The composite walls were embedded and anchored to reinforced concrete foundation blocks using welded deformed bar anchors. The experimental investigations focused on the cyclic lateral load-drift responses including test observations and limit states, moment-rotation response of the plastic hinge and the section moment-curvature relationship, overall lateral stiffness, strength, and displacement ductility. The experimental results show that the specimens exceeded their nominal flexural capacities calculated using the plastic stress distribution method or fiber-based section modeling using measured material properties. The specimens had plastic hinge rotation capacity greater than 0.028 rad. and displacement ductility ratio greater than 5.2. Detailed 3D nonlinear inelastic finite element models and simpler fiber-based macro models of the tested specimens were developed and benchmarked using experimental results. The detailed 3D finite element models can reasonably simulate the global and local behavior of the specimens, and are recommended for conducting further parametric studies of composite wall design details. Simpler fiber-based macro models can efficiently simulate the cyclic lateral load behavior of the specimens, and are recommended for modeling C-PSW/CFs while simulating the behavior of multi-story building structures.

The Effect of Paternal and Maternal Helicopter Parenting on the Career Preparation Behavior of High-School Students: Sequential Mediation Effects of Academic Achievement Attribution and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy

This study examined the sequential mediation effects of academic achievement attribution and career decision-making self-efficacy on the effect of paternal and maternal helicopter parenting on high-school students' career preparation behavior. A total of 285 (119 male and 166 female) Korean high-school students in the second grade participated in the study. Research variables were measured using the Career Preparation Behavior Scale (Kim, 1997), Helicopter Parenting Scale (LeMoyne &amp; Buchanan, 2011), Attribution Questionnaire (Weiner, 1979), and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (Betz et al., 1996). To examine the sequential mediating effect, data analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 and PROCESS MACRO (v4.2) Model 6. The results revealed no correlations between helicopter parenting and academic failure attribution. However, higher paternal and maternal helicopter parenting were found to indirectly reduce high-school students' career preparation behavior through lower internal academic success attribution (effort and ability) and higher external academic success attribution (task difficulty and luck), which reduced career decision-making self-efficacy. These findings can be employed to develop more effective intervention programs comprising career guidance for adolescents, which emphasizes the negative effect of helicopter parenting. This study expands the research field, as previous findings on helicopter parenting mostly focus on college students.

Factors influencing health-related quality of life for young single-person households: the mediating effect of resilience

Purpose: To identify factors influencing health-related quality of life for young single-person households, this study investigated physical and mental health status, health behavior, depression, resilience, and health-related quality of life. Methods: An online survey was administered to members of young single-person households from March 22 to 30, 2022. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression, and a simple mediation model applying the PROCESS macro model 4 with 95% bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals. Results: The participants were 229 members of young single-person households. Health-related quality of life showed significant relationships with residence (t = 2.80, p = .006), monthly income (F = 3.70, p = .026), mental health status (F = 20.33, p &lt; .001), and high-intensity exercise (F = 7.35, p = .001) among general and health-related characteristics. Health-related quality of life had significant correlations with depression (r = -.72, p &lt; .001) and resilience (r = .58, p &lt; .001). Multiple regression analysis showed that depression (β = -.57, p &lt; .001) and resilience (β = .21, p &lt; .001) influenced health-related quality of life. Moreover, resilience had a mediating effect between depression and health-related quality of life (indirect effect = -0.002, 95% bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence interval = -0.003 to -0.001). Conclusion: Members of young single-person households tended to be more vulnerable to emergency situations, such as during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, when lockdowns and quarantines were frequent. To improve health-related quality of life in young single-person households, people with high levels of depression or low levels of resilience need special attention and support to promote mental health.

The Effect of Internal Control on Academic Procrastination among Middle School Students: The Moderating Roles of Autonomous Motivation and Parental Pressure on Academic Performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether internal control, autonomous motivation of middle school students, and perceived parental pressure on academic performance affect academic procrastination, while verifying the moderating roles of autonomous motivation and parental pressure on academic performance. The participants were a total of 371 middle school students. Academic procrastination, internal control, autonomous motivation, and parental pressure on academic performance were measured using the Procrastination Inventory (Aitken, 1982) revised by Jeon and Park (2014), the Internal-External Control Scale (Ko, 2014), the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Ryan &amp; Connell, 1989) revised by Kim (2002), and the Scale of Kang (2003), respectively. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and a Process Macro Model 2 (multiple additional modulation effect). The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, middle school students' internal control, autonomous motivation, and perceived parental pressure on academic performance directly affected the students’s academic procrastination. Second, the moderating role of parental pressure on academic performance was significant. On the other hand, the moderating role of autonomous motivation was not significant. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that in order to reduce and prevent academic procrastination it is important to improve internal control by helping middle school students become confident enough to believe that they have the ability to change their behavior and achieve their aims. At the same time, parents need to be interested in the process rather than only the academic performance of their children and support their autonomy.

다문화 청소년의 집단괴롭힘 피해경험이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purposes of this study were to examine the of the influence of multicultural adolescent’s experience of bullying on life satisfaction, and to confirm the parallel dual mediation effect of parent support and friend support in the relationship between them. Methods The study used data from 2,073 teenagers who participated in the second year of the second Multicultural Youth Panel Survey (MAPS) conducted from 2011 to 2019. A correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between measurement variables using SPSS 25.0 and the parallel dual mediation effect of parent support and friend support was confirmed using PROCESS macro Model 4. Results First, the experience of bullying among multicultural adolescent’s showed a negative correlation with parental support, friend support, and life satisfaction. On the other hand, it was found that there was a positive correlation between parental support, friend support, and life satisfaction. Second, in the relationship between multicultural adolescents' experience of group bullying damage and life satisfaction, it was found that the support of parents and friends of multicultural adolescents had a significant parallel dual mediation effect. Conclusions This study is meaningful in that it provides basic risk data for various programs and education at school sites to help multicultural youth improve their life satisfaction by providing evidence that group bullying damage experience, parent support, and friend support have an important impact on life satisfaction.

Job satisfaction and moral distress of nurses working as physician assistants: focusing on moderating role of moral distress in effects of professional identity and work environment on job satisfaction

BackgroundPhysician assistant was created in response to a shortage of physicians. However, this profession is not officially recognized in Korea. Many nurses are working as physician assistants. Their job satisfaction was low due to role conflict. Job satisfaction plays a major role in providing high quality nursing. This study aimed to investigate effects of work environment and professional identity on job satisfaction and identify the mediating role of moral distress in such effects.MethodsParticipants were 112 nurses working as physician assistants. They were recruited from three General Hospitals. A questionnaire scale was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using frequency, descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Macro Model 4 with SPSS Statistics.ResultsJob satisfaction of nurses working as physician assistants had a score of 3.08 out of 5. It showed significant associations with work environment and professional identity. Moral distress had a partial mediating role in relationships of job satisfaction with work environment and professional identity.ConclusionMany nurses are working as physician assistants, although physician assistant as a profession is not officially recognized in Korea. Nurses working as physician assistants experience confusion about their professional identity and moral distress. For better nursing outcomes, physician assistant policy should be improved, and various strategies should be provided to improve their job satisfaction.

A macro prediction model for butt-welded (U)HSS connections with softened HAZ

This paper reports an investigation on the tensile resistance of fully-penetrated butt-welded connections of (ultra-)high-strength steels considering the strength softening of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the strengthening due to the transverse constraint. Firstly, a parametric study is carried out to analyse the tensile behaviour of fully-penetrated butt-welded S700 connections using validated finite element (FE) models. Based on the FE results, the effect of the investigated parameters on the ultimate resistance of the connections is quantified. Consequently, a Macro prediction model is proposed, neglecting the detail of HAZ inhomogeneous microstructures but considering five design parameters, which are the width and thickness of the specimen, the width of HAZ, the softening ratio, and the matching ratio. Finally, the proposed Macro model is validated against the available experimental data of fully-penetrated butt-welded (ultra-)high-strength steel connections in literature. The results show that the Macro model is proven successful in accurately quantifying the effect of HAZ, concerning the strength softening and the transverse constraint strengthening, on the tensile resistance of fully-penetrated butt-welded (ultra-)high-strength steel connections. It is also found that 157 and 96 out of 185 experiments are predicted within a 5% deviation range using the Macro model and prEN 1993-1-8:2021, respectively, proving that the Macro model is more consistent with the experimental data compared to the prediction of prEN 1993-1-8:2021.

Impact of trust and justice on willingness to cooperate with the police: Evidence from Indonesian millennials

Millennial generation is known as a generation active in social, political, and technological activities. Therefore, this generation highly values the aspect of justice to promote trust and willingness to collaborate, especially with the police. In this regard, this study aims to explain the correlation between trust and willingness to collaborate with the police. This study also explains the relationship of trust and the willingness of the millennial generation to collaborate with the police with procedural justice and distributive justice as moderating factors. The study involved survey data from 340 millennials who have been served by the police in West Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, data were analyzed using the Hayes Process Macro Model 2 through SPSS to test the study hypotheses. This study showed that trust have a positive impact on willingness to collaborate with the police (Coef = 0.4346, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, procedural justice positively moderated the correlation between trust and willingness to cooperate with the police (Coef = 0.0920, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Procedural justice was found to strengthen the correlation between trust of millennials and willingness to collaborate with the police. Meanwhile, distributive justice did not moderate the correlation between trust in police and willingness to collaborate with the police (Coef = –0.0571, p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05). This study is useful in developing knowledge concepts regarding factors that can improve the willingness of the millennial generation to collaborate with the police.

First-Order Universal Active Filter Configuration Using Single VCII+

A new universal active filter configuration is presented in this paper which is capable of realizing all three first-order filter responses namely all pass (AP), low pass (LP) and high pass (HP) using a single second generation voltage conveyor (VCII+), a virtually grounded capacitor and two resistors. The proposed circuit offers tunability of the cut-off frequency, gain (for HP filter) and simultaneous availability of two filter outputs, one at a low impedance node (HP/AP), the other output, namely the LPF will require a voltage buffer to avoid loading. The nonideal analysis of filter responses based on the nonideal model of VCII+ is carried out by considering all the parasitic immittances and nonideal gains and found that they have no significant effect on the performance of the proposed filter structure. Sensitivity analysis with respect to active and passive components has also been carried out. The functionality of the presented circuit has been validated through simulations and experimental results, where the VCII+ was implemented using the macro model of the commercially available CFOA IC AD844. Additionally, the proposed circuit has been tested using a CMOS VCII+ implemented with 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m TSMC technology parameters. The tests include advanced evaluations based on Monte Carlo simulations.

Characterization of joint contact model considering friction of variable stator vane mechanism and application to principle-level mechanism

For the characterization of joint contact model of the variable stator vane (VSV) mechanism, the dry friction properties of joint materials must be taken into account. In this paper, the important parameters characterizing the joint contact model are experimentally tested, and then the characterized contact model containing the parameters is utilized for the dynamic analysis of a principle-level VSV mechanism test rig, including the dry friction rotary pair. Firstly, the friction tests and the vibration tests induced by the friction process are carried out. Then an ideal comprehensive dynamic model of the scaled system of VSV mechanism’s single kinematic chain is established through the Lagrange multiplier method. The friction coefficient values obtained from the test are embedded into the contact force model considering friction factors and compared with other macro models. The accuracy of the hybrid contact model is verified through a one-shot contact-impact simulation and the corresponding displacement is measured for evaluation with accuracy of established ideal dynamic model. Finally, the influence of different driving methods on the dynamic characteristics of the system is analyzed.

Empirical study on the role of passion, individual differences, and innovativeness between entrepreneurship education in higher education institutions and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated mediating model

AbstractEntrepreneurship is a powerful tool that reduces unemployment, boosts economic growth, and promotes innovation and social change. With a focus on the promotion of entrepreneurial intention possessed by higher education institutions offering entrepreneurship education, this study assesses the indirect impact of higher education institutions in developing entrepreneurial intention through passion as a mediator. It also investigates the moderating role of individual differences and innovativeness between the entrepreneurship education in higher education institution and the entrepreneurship educational outcome, namely entrepreneurial intention. Also, the moderated mediation relationship between entrepreneurship education in a higher education institution and entrepreneurial intention is assessed. To conduct the cross‐sectional study, data was collected from 636 students perusing an entrepreneurship course at colleges affiliated with Bharathiar University in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (India). A questionnaire with 37 items is used to collect the data as ratings from respondents. The moderated mediation model is designed and tested using the bootstrapping method in the Hayes PROCESS macro model. According to the findings, the association between entrepreneurship education in higher education institutions and passion is negatively moderated by individual differences and innovativeness. Further, the study revealed that the combined effect of the higher education institution, individual differences, and innovativeness on entrepreneurial intention is mediated by passion. Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThis empirical research aimed to assess the impact of higher education institutions and the effect of passion, individual differences, and innovativeness in developing the entrepreneurial intention to support the educational experience of higher education institutions offering entrepreneurship education.Why the new findings matterThe findings of the study indicate that higher education institutions promote entrepreneurial intention through quality content, instructors, and an entrepreneurial environment that considers individual differences. However, controlled environments can negatively impact innovative students' entrepreneurial intentions, as learning passion indirectly influences entrepreneurial intentions.Implications for EducatorsThe educational institutions must provide a distinct entrepreneurial environment for students pursuing entrepreneurship programmes. Collaborative learning should be adopted to create huge differences in the skills, attitudes, and confidence levels of the students and to assess individual competence and team effort. Low or average‐skilled students can be motivated and encouraged to participate in entrepreneurial events inside and outside the institution, whereas highly competent students can be provided with real‐world business opportunities to launch new ventures, which may inspire and drive their peers.