Macro Components Research Articles

Atomic-emission determination of the macro composition of the catalyst of methanol synthesis with a photoelectric spectrum analyzer

The possibility of atomic-emission determination of the main components in powder samples with spectra excitation in an AC arc is studied. An arc source of excitation is actually used mainly in approximate-quantitative emission spectral analysis of geological objects for determination of the main components. The goal of the study is to reduce the error of determination of the macro components of the samples when using the aforementioned procedure. The object of the study is a zinc-aluminum-copper catalyst. The spectra are recorded on a DFS-458Cautomated atomic-emission spectrometer. A photoelectron attachment FEP-454 with a CCD-array (Toshiba) is used as a radiation detector in the spectrometer. FEP-454 boasts a system of dynamic accumulation which provides more efficient simultaneous determination of the impurity and sample base components. A calibration curve was constructed using model mixtures for quantitative determination of the matrix elements in real samples. It is shown that the mutual impact of the matrix elements in the arc discharge is almost completely leveled by 16-fold dilution of the samples with a spectrographic buffer. The results of the study prove the possibility of using arc atomic emission analysis for determination both micro- and macro-components in powder samples with a satisfactory accuracy.

SAFETY OF CANNED MILK AS AN INTEGRATED CRITERION OF THEIR TECHNOLOGY EFFECTIVENESS. RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE

Providing the country’s population with quality food products in a demanded range and quantity is an important national economic task. A priori in the implementation of appropriate social and economic programs, an important place is taken by products of the dairy industry. Taking into account the geographical features and climatic conditions of Russia, strategic considerations, the existing fragmentation of the consumer market and economic factors, special importance is acquired by researches, aimed at improving traditional and developing new technologies for canned milk products, as high-nutritional products with a pronounced priority of enhanced storage stability. The system of ensuring the stabilization of canned milk in storage is represented by two main blocks: technologically formed potential and post-technological requirements for its maintenance. The first forms the basic properties of the product and stabilizes them. The second one is to ensure the conditions under which the risks of initiation and/or intensity of the abiogenic and biogenic nature degradation reactions are minimized. To assess the canned milk quality and safety proposed and standardized a number of relevant indicators. However, taking into account the technology development, the expansion of the raw ingredients range, the requirements for the extension of shelf life and much more, the scope of the evaluation criteria for quality and safety indicators is constantly expanding, new methods of a priori and a posteriori analysis are being created, which is fixed in normative and technical documents, that are integrally reflected the level of modern technology. An analysis of the world tendencies in the development of canning, shows, that the reserves of improving the traditional technologies of dairy canned food, increasing their quality, are far from exhausted. Significant potential lies in the research of thermodynamic characteristics, functional and technological indicators of dairy products and further implementation of the obtained data, as system criteria of the technological operations rationality definition, the validity of production schemes, and the evaluation of product quality. The data, obtained over the last decades on the indicator of «water activity», inhibition of the degradation of micro and macro components, «barrier» conservation technologies and many other directions in various food systems can suggest, that it is possible to mediate most of the methodological approaches applied to canned milk technologies, to predict strategic, economic and social significance of such developments.

Active percussion tools from the Oldowan site of Barranco León (Orce, Andalusia, Spain): The fundamental role of pounding activities in hominin lifeways

Dated to 1.4 Mya, the Barranco León site (Orce, Andalusia, Spain) is currently the oldest and richest late Lower Pleistocene stone tool assemblage discovered so far in Europe. Archeological and paleontological remains are found clearly associated in lacustrine deposits traversed by a small channel. This paper provides new data about the lithic assemblage from level D, focusing on the abundant active percussion implements that form a part of the highly divers set of limestone macro-tools unique to this assemblage. Morpho-technological and experimental analysis of these tools allows us to hypothesize about the kinds of activities that might have been carried out by hominins at this site. Experimental work allows us to define percussive trace morphologies and to identify new types of percussion tools in the collection, beyond those of classical, ellipsoidal morphology. Analysis of the stone surfaces used for active percussion demonstrates that, while some of the tools could have been used for stone knapping, other hammer morphologies are not well adapted for this kind of activity. The morphology of the tools and the type of percussion damage displayed on their active surfaces provide criteria with which to widen the activity range of the hominins that used them. This study of the percussion instruments from Barranco León contributes essential data with which to buttress the growing interest in the macro component of Oldowan stone toolkits African and Eurasian sites and their possible uses.

A Review on Mycoremediation—the fungal bioremediation

The ecofriendly management for the disposal of waste sludge and waste water is basic problem of treatment plants. The attention of public towards environment is very essential element for the survival of both man and biotic organisms. There is no such methods which can sufficiently work to degrade the toxic material. The better way to maintain the beauty and healthy environment is to adopt a method in which all the macro components return back in a recycle manner thus the waste can be convert to valuable and will give benefits to biotic and a biotic ecosystem. This review talks on the biological techniques which has been used for the waste degradation process. Mycoremediation is an advance biotechnology which uses fungi for the cleaning and controlling of hazardous contamination. It is frugal method and the final product is nonhazardous. Keywords: Bioremediation; Mushroom; Mycoremediation; White root fungi http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.70042

Asian Hedge Funds: Return Persistence, Style, and Fund Characteristics

This study explores the return persistence properties, styles, and fund characteristics of hedge funds that mainly invest in Asia. We examine, for the first time, a high resolution hedge fund dataset which includes monthly return information as well as detailed fund characteristics data. We find that the returns of Asian hedge funds persist most strongly at monthly horizons to quarterly horizons. This persistence weakens considerably when we lengthen the measurement period beyond a quarter, and does not appear to be due to the imputation of fees or to systematic risk as measured by a simple factor model. Further, we show that Asian funds comove largely with a common Asian equity markets component. Other major components that explain the cross-sectional variation in Asian hedge fund returns include a CTA component, two macro components, and three multi-strategy components. The seven style components in total explain about 64% of the variation in returns. Next, we study the relationship between the cross-section of fund returns and fund characteristics. We document a positive relationship between holding firm size and fund returns which is consistent with an economies of scale explanation. Moreover, we find that funds with higher redemption (lockup) periods achieve higher returns on average due to their ability to extricate from their positions in a timely fashion in the face of redemptions. However, there is no evidence to suggest that funds with higher expenses (management and performance fees) achieve higher returns.

Identificação de fatores antecedentes na implementação da filosofia Lean no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos

Neste trabalho, avaliaram-se os fatores considerados importantes na implantação do Lean no PDP. Analisou-se a implementação do Lean no PDP em uma organização com domínio da filosofia Lean, sendo proposto um modelo baseado em quatro elementos macroestruturantes: Liderança e Gestão, Cultura Organizacional, Ferramentas e Ambiente. Foram propostas e analisadas categorias de estudo focadas em três cenários temporais: Anterior, Atual e Posterior à implantação do Lean no PDP. Utilizaram-se oito variáveis para apoiar a análise realizada mediante estudo de caso para validação do modelo criado. Foram usados, como instrumento de coleta de dados, roteiros de questões, com uma abordagem semiestruturada. Os resultados apontam para validação do modelo proposto, por meio de elementos, categorias e variáveis utilizadas. Destacaram-se os elementos macroestruturantes Liderança e Gestão e Cultura Organizacional como pilares fundamentais para fortalecer o Lean no PDP. Entre estes, salientam-se as variáveis equipe selecionada e treinada, habilidade e competências, nos três cenários analisados.

Q-marker of Chinese medicine and metabolic regularity of co-network compatibility and rainbow potential

The effect of Chinese medicine (CM) compound prescription is the combined action results of single herbs based on the basic theory of Chinese medicine, and its function embodies the characteristics of multi components, multi targets and comprehensive effects. It is difficult to study the therapeutic material, establish quality standards or determine Q-marker, so we can't strictly monitor the quality of the whole process of CM. The identification of Q-marker has a profound influence on the whole process of the pharmaceutical engineering of CM. The scattered effect of CM multi-components is regarded as the integral action of the parent nucleus group by the metabolic rule of co-network compatibility and rainbow potential (CCRP). The rule can be used to communicate the individual components and macro components, to reveal the metabolism of CM in organism body and basic law of information exchange, thus revealing the action law of CM on human body. Through the systematic analysis of the Q-marker's guidance to the development of CM and its relationship with the metabolic rule of CCRP, we try to provide some ideas for the identification of Q-marker.

Bond Portfolio Holding Period Return Decomposition

Bond portfolio holding period returns are decomposed into four macro components: horizon, spot rate, spread, and interaction. The spot rate and spread could be decomposed further based on modified duration, convexity, and cross-convexity, each of which could be further decomposed into three subcomponents tied to level, slope, and curvature. Applying a parsimonious version of this model to the Morningstar universe of bond funds explains approximately 56% of the variability of the returns. Thus, we provide a powerful approach to attribution of bond fund performance, aiding the many different stakeholders in their efforts to improve their decision-making process.

New Applications of a Three-Phase Arc and a MAES Analyzerfor Spectral Analysis of Rocks

The results of using a multi-channel analyzer of emission spectra (MAES) and “Atom” software for multielement atomic-emission spectral analysis ofrocks using spill-injection method are presented. Replacing of the visual interpretation of spectra by high-quality digital processing significantly in creases the performance of the analysis, extendes the range of detectable concentrations, and improves the metrological characteristics of determination of micro and macro components of rocks.

Macro-Micro, Trends vs. Noise, and SSA - II

We describe some details of extensions of the Macro Micro (MM) model. Applications include a long-term real-world PFE risk simulation, including realistic quasi-random Macro trends. The details elaborated here include the use of the 3rd order skew Green function to obtain micro mean reversion, a random time distribution for the Macro component, sliding down the yield curve, and approximate no-arbitrage in the MM model.

Spatial Interaction Regional Model for the Mexican Economy (SIRMME): A Special Case for Mexico City Metropolitan Area

This paper analyzes empirically a macro model and a regional model to explain Mexico and Mexico City economies respectively. Typically, regional economic modeling considers either a top-down or bottom-up approach to model regional difference in economic growth. This paper shows results that explain regional difference in Mexico from the bottom-up through a special case that focuses on the spatial interaction between Mexico City -the main economic engine of Mexico- and the rest of the country during the period 2000-2010. Our results indicate that variables associated with human capital, internal migration, "creative class", micro-firms and spatial interaction among micro-regions were conditioning the differential growth between Mexico City and the whole country during the period 2000-2010. Likewise, we present econometric results of a typical macro model that explains economic growth in Mexico by different income effects on components of aggregate demand during the period 1993-2010. The purpose of both exercises is to motivate future research for the Mexican case to link macro components (such as export driven forces, Mexico´s dependency to the USA´s business cycle, loss of government spending, etc.) with their local counterparts such as agglomeration economies, human and creative capital stock, regional spillovers, natural resources, dynamic population, etc. to explain regional differential growth.

English

Aloysia triphylla, also known as lemon verbena is a medicinal plant with aromatic leaves which produce essential oil rich in citral and has great importance for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of frost on the chemical composition and yield of A. triphylla essential oil. The experiment was conducted at the Campus of UFSM in Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, in July 2014. A complete randomized design with three repetitions was used where three random collections and extractions occurred before and after the occurrence of frost. The oil was obtained via hydrodistillation and analyzed by a process of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The total yield obtained from leaves before frost was 0.162% and 0.187% after frost. Essential oil composition was largely not affected by the presence of frost; however, of the macro components, limonene was observed to be most sensitive to frost, accounting for 14.36% of essential oil content before and 10.15% after frost. Key words: Chemical composition, secondary metabolites, low temperatures.

Assessing the Potential Effects of Climate Changes on Landslide Phenomena Affecting Pyroclastic Covers in Nocera Area (Southern Italy)

The effects of Climate Changes (CC) on natural hazards induced by weather forcing represent an issue which has been widely debated in the last years. Climate projections allowed to detect clear indications about the future trend of the main atmospheric forcing although affected by significant uncertainties concerning the magnitude. However, the crucial role played by the specific geomorphological contexts makes much more challenging understanding how such variations could affect occurrence and magnitude of landslide hazards. These factors help understanding because it is often unreliable carrying out assessments on large areas but is often necessary trying to evaluate the potential effects of CC on geo-hydrological hazards at slope scale. The main aim of this paper is the definition of a framework for the evaluation of potential variations of occurrences of landslide events affecting slopes of Nocera Inferiore (Southern Italy) under the effect of CC. Such slopes have been affected in recent years, in several occasions, by flowslide phenomena inducing large economic losses and fatalities. The framework, consisting of two macro components, is tested to check its predictive capability of landslide behavior. It is then applied to provide a prediction of “potential” events for near and long time horizon scenarios. The study highlights potential variations (increases) in triggering frequency under the effect of different concentration scenarios and time horizons.

Studies of the Distribution of Macro and Micro Components in Ash and Slag Wastes from the Combustion of Coal from the Kuznetsk Basin

Studies of the Distribution of Macro and Micro Components in Ash and Slag Wastes from the Combustion of Coal from the Kuznetsk Basin

Macro- and Microelement Water Composition of the Volga River Delta and Its Interannual Variability

Spatial variations of the chemical composition of the Volga River delta waters and its interannual variability were estimated on the basis of long-term data on the content of macro components, biogenic ele-ments, and trace elements. It was shown that the significant transformation inside the delta is peculiar only to the biogenic element runoff, which is influenced by production–destruction processes, whereas the migra-tion of the major ions and dissolved trace elements in the delta watersheds occurs without any essential vari-ations.

Capacidad de Orquestación de Servicios Web en las Herramientas MULE ESB y Oracle Service Bus

La gestión de la información se ha convertido en un factor fundamental para el desempeño óptimo del sector empresarial. Es muy frecuente que los sistemas implantados deban evolucionar en conjunto con la organización en la que se encuentran funcionando, con el objetivo de satisfacer los nuevos requerimientos que surgen en la misma. En este proceso de crecimiento se ve la necesidad de que estos sistemas compartan información y se trabaje con esta de manera automatizada para dar soporte a los disímiles procesos de negocio definidos. La adopción de una Arquitectura Orientada a Servicios (SOA) posibilita la creación de sistemas dinámicos y escalables, además, facilita el proceso de interacción entre estos y otras aplicaciones. Entre los facilitadores para la implantación de una SOA se encuentra la tecnología Bus de Servicios Empresariales que se basa en una infraestructura de software que funciona como capa intermedia, proporcionando servicios de integración de las distintas aplicaciones a través de mensajería basada en estándares y servicios de sincronización. Esta se basa en un conjunto de capacidades para dar solución a cualquier escenario de integración. En este trabajo se evaluará el comportamiento de dos herramientas que implementan la tecnología ESB con respecto a la capacidad orquestación de servicios que no es más que un proceso de colaboración entre distintos servicios bajo un patrón determinado.

Agri-Environmental Effects of Changes in Agricultural Production in Poland

The paper presents results of analysis of the organizational and production changes occurring in Polish agriculture with concern of regions, and the assessment of potential effects of its influence on the environment with the use of standard agri-environmental indicators. The trends of changes in grounds exploitation, sown areas, animals stocking density and population, mineral fertilization, and gross nitrogen balance for Poland have been determined. The analysis included middle-term perspective of years 2000-2012. The changes occurring in particular regions have been compared in the period of time between 2002-2004 and 2010-2012. It has been established that existing natural factors, but mainly organizational and economic, significantly affect the changes occurring in agricultural sector leading to increasingly developing polarization, production specialization and concentration. The consequences of occurring processes are, regionally diversified, changes of standard agri-environmental indicators, implicating differential strength (pressure) of agricultural activity effects on the environment. The changes may have positive as well as negative consequences for the further working of the sector. There is an onward extensification of organization and agricultural production in the south-eastern provinces. The provinces’ levels of macro components consumption in mineral fertilizers, as well as animals stocking density in livestock buildings, are often twofold. There is an extensification of organization with simultaneous increase in its intensity in livestock production. The consequence of the organization extensification and its simultaneous increase is extension of environmental pressure on the areas of high concentration of livestock production (the Kuyavia-Pomerania, the Łodź and the Wielkopolska provinces) prominent in unbeneficial changes of agri-environmental indicators (e.g. nitrogen balance) resulting in i.a. deterioration in the quality of surface and ground water.

An empirical analysis of import demand function for Turkey: An ARDL bounds testing approach

Since the 1980’s, Turkish economy has revealed a dramatic growth. The purpose of the present study is to develop the import demand behavior of Turkey as an emerging economy and discover the long-run relation between the import demand and the components of GDP. One of the main reasons we adopt a disaggregated model to test aggregated import demand function estimation is that it deals with the potential aggregation bias when the different macro components have different import contents. The second reason is we believe that elimination of the biasedness will produce better forecasting results. This study examines the long-run and short-run elasticities of Turkey’s disaggregate import demand using an annual dataset that covers the period of 1980 to 2011. The error-correction modeling and cointegration analysis are the appropriate techniques since we try to discover the long-run relation between the import demand and components of GDP. First we determine the degree of integration of each variable in the model to apply the cointegration test that is known as an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). We collect the dataset from United Nations Statistical Division National Accounts Official Country Data and World Bank’s Development Indicators. This paper is one of the first studies to estimate import demand function of Turkey using the recent data which makes it different from earlier studies. Our results suggest that there is a long run relationship between the dependent variable and the control variables in the import demand function. All the explanatory variables are statistically significant in the long-run and the short-run as well. Our results also suggest that in the long run all of the included variables in the model are statistically significant. All the independent variables have inelastic effects on imports except total consumption. Relative price variable has a positive effect which may suggest in the short run importers cannot adjust price changes faster, consequently causing an increase in import expenditure bills. Thus, Turkish trade balance may get worsen if imports exceeds exports.

Toward a New Macro-Segregation? Decomposing Segregation within and between Metropolitan Cities and Suburbs

This article documents a new macro-segregation, where the locus of racial differentiation resides increasingly in socio-spatial processes at the community or place level. The goal is to broaden the spatial lens for studying segregation, using decennial Census data on 222 metropolitan areas. Unlike previous neighborhood studies of racial change, we decompose metropolitan segregation into its within- and between-place components from 1990 to 2010. This is accomplished with the Theil index ( H). Our decomposition of H reveals large post-1990 declines in metropolitan segregation. But, significantly, macro-segregation—the between-place component—has increased since 1990, offsetting declines in the within-place component. The macro component of segregation is also most pronounced and increasing most rapidly among blacks, accounting for roughly one-half of all metro segregation in the most segregated metropolitan areas of the United States. Macro-segregation is least evident among Asians, which suggests other members of these communities (i.e., middle-class or affluent ethnoburbs) have less resistance to Asians relocating there. These results on emerging patterns of macro-segregation are confirmed in fixed-effects models that control for unobserved heterogeneity across metropolitan areas. Unlike most previous studies focused on the uneven distribution of racial and ethnic groups across metropolitan neighborhoods, we show that racial residential segregation is increasingly shaped by the cities and suburban communities in which neighborhoods are embedded.

EVOLUTION OF MACROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING GROUNDWATER UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD IN KHERSON REGION

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to determine temporal regularities of the chemical composition including main macro components and mineralization of the drinking groundwater at the Upper Miocene aquifer complex in Dniper River Basin (Kherson region).Methodology. Geoinformational and statistical approach were used in this study. The methodological approach was proposed to build digital surface of water salinity field and macro components. The input data for modelling were spatial objects such as borehole.Finding. According to the modeling data the average macro components and salt composition of the groundwater at the Upper Miocene aquifer complex in Dniper River Basin into two time periods were determined.Results. During the study period, the mineralization and average concentrations of macro components of drinking groundwater at the Upper Miocene aquifer complex were increased, except hydrogen ion. Resources of drinking groundwater in study region is being heavily affected by the process of salinisation and metamorphization of its chemical composition.