Seaweed Research Articles

Studies on Methanolic Extract of Brown Algal Seaweed Liagora ceranoides J.V. Lamouroux from Southern Coast of Tamilnadu: In vitro Anti-Insect Properties and Phytochemicals

Red algal seaweed Liagora ceranoides collected from Rameswaram coast, Tamilnadu, India was investigated for its repellent, antifeedant, larvicidal, insect growth regulatory activities on Spodoptera litura during 2016-18. Larvicidal action of methanol extract of sea weed was observed from first day of treatment and exhibited gradual increase in mortality up to fifth day. The seaweed’s methanol extracts @200 μl/L concentration resulted 80.00 per cent larval mortality and the survived larvae got pupated. No repellent and antifeedant activity was observed among the treatments. Adult emergence was not observed at 200 μl/L concentration with a pupal: adult conversion ratio of 1:0.00 whereas in control and solvent control the ratio was 1:1.00. Twenty- three phytochemicals were identified in L. ceranoides using GC-MS detection system (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) respectively and few of them may be responsible for ant-insect properties.

Antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer effectiveness of marine macro alga Ulva fasciata Delile.

Backround: Cancer is a sever burden and a fatal disease in the existing century and worldwide measured as a foremost health concern. Objective: The present analysis involved in evaluating the anti-tumour property of Ulva fasciata Delile in in vitro model and anti-microbial activity against pathogens. Materials and methods: The anti-cancer effectiveness of methanolic extract of Ulva fasciata has been identified at different concentrations after 24 hours of exposure of HepG2 cells using assays. Results: The seaweed extract showed a remarkable cell toxicity potential at the concentration of 100 μg/ml with superfluous ROS formation and lactate dehydrogenase and GSH enzyme release and initiating severe damage to the mitochondrial integrity of the cells. Conclusion: This investigation displayed that the methanolic extract of Ulva fasciata were more potential seaweed triggering cytotoxicity, inducing apoptosis and establishment of ROS dependent mitochondrial damage induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. The sea weed extract exhibits significant anti-microbial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi and anti-cancer efficacy.

Comment on "Revisiting the carrageenan controversy: do we really understand the digestive fate and safety of carrageenan in our foods?" by S. David, C. S. Levi, L. Fahoum, Y. Ungar, E. G. Meyron-Holtz, A. Shpigelman and U. Lesmes, Food Funct., 2018, 9, 1344-1352.

Carrageenan (CGN) is a polysaccharide that is found in various types of sea weed. It is a common food additive used for its gelling and thickening properties and has been used safely throughout the world for decades. CGN is approved as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug Administration and is also considered safe for the general population by the World Health Organizations Joint Expert Committee on Food Additive (JECFA) and the European Food Safety Authority. CGN has been tested for safety in various animal models for many years and more recently in an array of in vitro or cell-based models. A recent review published by this journal entitled "Revisiting the Carrageenan controversy: Do we really understand the digestive fate and safety of carrageenan in our foods?" has provided the impetus for this commentary (S. David, et al., Food Funct., 2018, 9(3), 1344-1352). It is important that our food is safe, and clearly there are examples of food additives that were found to be unsafe after years of use, but the issue is the need for accurate interpretation of previously published studies and the need for designing and conducting experiments that can be used to make decisions on safety. It is our hope that this commentary brings to light some of the important physical and chemical properties of CGN and how information can be easily misinterpreted.

Influence of sea weed bioformulations on improving yield of plant and ratoon crop of sugarcane

The effect of seaweed bio-formulations on the growth and development, quality and yield response of plant and ratoon was tested in the papular variety Co 86032 by conducting field experiment during 2017–18 at farmer's field (Plant crop) in larger scale and ratoon crop experiment conducted at Bannari Amman Sugar factory, Sathiyamangalum. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications. The foliar spray of Seaweed bioformulations namely, LBD @ one ml/L, LBD @ 0.5 ml/L, LBS 6 @ one ml/L was given thrice during formative phase (30, 60 and 90 DAP) of plant and ratoon crop. The results of both the experiments indicated that the foliar application of seaweed formulations with different concentrations significantly improved growth parameters and yield attributes compared to control plants. In plant crop, among the seaweed extract formulations tested, LBS 6 @ one ml/L recorded comparatively higher yield attributes viz., internodes length (24.7%), cane length (26.2%), cane thickness (16.2%), single cane weight (10.0%) and cane yield (105.5 t/ha) compared to control with 23.5% increase in yield over control. This treatment also recorded higher economic net returns (Rs. 1,13,702 ha−1) with benefit cost ratio of 1.60. In ratoon crop, Among the seaweed extract formulations tested, LBS 6 @ one ml/L recorded significantly higher the plant height (253 cm), LAI (4.21), SPAD value (38.4) and total dry matter production (81.3 tones/ha), yield attributes and cane yield (154.9 tones/ha) compared to other treatments studied. It was found that sugarcane cane yield was increased significantly by 19.1% over control. This treatment also recorded higher economic returns (Rs. 2, 43,706/ha with benefit cost ratio of 2.23).

TRACE TOXIC MINERAL LEVELS OF SEA LETTUCE (Ulva spp.) FROM COAST OF ISTANBUL

Concentrations of Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) were determined in the macro algae sea lettuce ( Ulva spp.), sampled from the coastline of Istanbul old city (Cankurtaran) in summer 2016. The abundance of trace toxic mineral concentrations in sea lettuce were in the following order: Fe > Zn > As > Cu> Ni >Pb> Cd. However, mercury was not detected in any sample. The present study provides a new information to the consumer on the distribution of trace toxic minerals in sea lettuce.

Base Study Related with Development of Natural Bio‐Adhesives Using Seaweeds

ì¢ ì´ 공예 및 한지 ì‚°ì— , 문화재 ë³´ì¡´ 등에 활용을 위한 천연 바이오 ì ‘ì°©ì œë¥¼ 개발하기 위해 해초류 중 갈조류, 홍조류의 복합 다당류를 추출하여 이를 ì ‘ì°© 성분으로 사용하였다. 갈조류는 감태, 다시마, 대황, 미역, 홍조류는 도박, 우뭇가사리, 풀가사리, í›„ë ¸ë¦¬ë¡œ 갈조류와 홍조류에 포함된 비수용성 Ca 착물 형태의 다당류를 수용성의 1 가 알칼리 금속이 포함된 수용성 다당류들로 변형하여 ì¶”ì¶œí•˜ê³ ì•Œì½”ì˜¬ ì¹¨ì „ì„ 이용하여 다당류만을 ì–»ê³ ìž 하였다 . 갈조류는 다시마의 ì ‘ì°© 인장 강도가 21.58 kgf, 홍조류는 도박이 32.99 kgf를 나타내어 물풀(18.45 kgf)ê³¼ 딱풀(20.45 kgf)로 ì•Œë ¤ì§„ ê³ ì²´í’€ì˜ ì ‘ì°©ë ¥ì— 상회하는 결과를 나타내었다. 이 추출된 다당류들은 추출 환경에 따라서 추출 수율이 ê²°ì •ë˜ 었지만, ì ‘ì°©ë„ì—ëŠ” 차이를 나타나지 ì•Šê³ ìžˆì–´ì„œ 추출 환경이 아니라 생육 환경에 의해 다당류의 형태가 ê²°ì •ë˜ì–´ì§€ëŠ” 것을 알 수 있었다. 추출 시에 다단계의 알코올 ì¹¨ì „ë²•ì„ 사용함으로 추출 ê³¼ì •ì—ì„œ 단백질 및 기타 다당류를 ì œì™¸í•œ 구성 성분들이 ì œê±°ëœ 결과가 나타나서 곰팡이 배양이 되지 않는 ì•ˆì •í•œ 결과를 ë³´ì´ê³ ìžˆì—ˆìœ¼ë©° , 단순 용해에 의한 ì ‘ì°©ì œ ì œìž‘ 후에도 곰팡이의 발생이 없어서 친환경 ì ‘ì°© 재료로서의 사용이 가능한 결과를 나타내었다 . 중심어: 천연 바이오 ì ‘ì°©ì œ, 해초, 홍조류, 갈조류, ì ‘ì°© 소재

Protective efficacy of microencapsulated seaweed extracts for preventing Aeromonas infections in Oreochromis mossambicus

Sea weeds are valuable natural assets in aquaculture due to the presence of various bioactive active metabolites in them. Successful fish production and maintenance of disease free culturing systems in aquaculture with environment friendly practices is often affected by various environmental factors. Disease causing pathogens is one of the major factors. These can be controlled by the emerging technologies such as biopolymer based drug delivery systems, feed encapsulations processes and immersions of active ingredients which can possibly facilitate sustainable production by enhancing growth and immune responses in aquaculture animals. The focus of our study is on the identification of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds from two brown seaweeds, Gracilaria foliifera and Sargassum longifolium which have proven bioactive compounds. By a process of microencapsulation these bioactive compounds were encapsulated in the form of beads. Sodium caseinate and xanthan gum were mixed together to form the beads. This process helps to retain and protect the bio active ingredients from adverse reactions such as oxidation and nutritional deterioration. These microencapsulated beads were administered orally to 10 Oreochromis mossambicus the experimental fishes, with average body weight of 10–12 g and challenged against the pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida to assess their antibacterial efficacy to control this bacterial pathogen. Microencapsulated bio active compounds were further characterized by FT-Raman, GC–MS, NMR, HPLC and SEM analysis. In this study, the effects of combined formulations of the different bioactive compounds were determined. Data obtained from the treatment of A. salmonicida infection in O. mossambicus using formulated bioactive compounds obtained from these seaweeds showed very high survival percentage in this species of fish.

ISOLATION AND DEFINITION OF MARINE ALGAE FROM THE COAST OF SOUSA CITY IN LIBYA

Sousa is a small Libyan town located on the Mediterranean coast in the Green Mountain. The present work was mainly intended to study the marine algae of Sousa coast. The study was carried out during spring (2016). Sea water samples have been collected from the coast of the city of Sousa which were microalgae, and macro algae (seaweeds) and have been identified. A total of 22 algal species (16 genera) was recorded in the study area. Eight species of them (36.36%) were belonging to Chlorophyta (3 families), four species (18.18%) belonging to Bacillariophyta (4 families), two species (9.09%) belonging to Cyanobacteria (2 families), two species (9.09%) belonging to Phaeophyta (2 families) and six species (27.27%) belonging to Rhodophyta (3families). Obtained results showed that the most common genus of Laurencia were found three species. However, Laurencia, Sargassum and Ulva were the most dominant species in this area during the season.

Role of seaweed extract on growth, yield and quality of some agricultural crops: A review

Seaweed and seaweed-derived products have been widely used as bio stimulants in crop production due to presence of multiple growth regulators such as cytokinin, auxins, gibberellins, betaines, as well as presence of macronutrients such as Ca, K, P, and micronutrients like Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mn, Co and Mo, which are necessary for plant growth and development. Numerous studies have revealed a wide range of beneficial effects of seaweed extract on plants, such as early seed germination and establishment, better crop performance and yield, inducing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and many more. This paper is an effort to review the importance of seaweed extract on germination, production, improvement of nutritional quality of agricultural crops which helps in further study of sea weed in agriculture.

Polysaccharide from a Tunisian red seaweed Chondrus canaliculatus: Structural characteristics, antioxidant activity and in vivo hemato-nephroprotective properties on maneb induced toxicity

The present study aims to investigate the physicochemical and the structural features of polysaccharide isolated from the red marine macro alga Chondrus canaliculatus (C.C.P) using FT-IR, gel filtration high-pressure chromatograph, HPLC-FID and solid state 13C NMR analysis. C.C.P was even more tested in vitro for its potential antioxidant properties and in vivo for its hemato-nephroprotective effects against fungicide - maneb (MB) - induced toxicity. Animals treated for 20 days were allocated into six groups per six rats each: group 1 served as vehicle control, group 2 received MB, group 3 received MB + C.C.P (100 mg/kg), group 4 MB + C.C.P (200 mg/kg), group 5 and 6 used as a positive control groups receiving only C.C.P; one 100 and the other 200 mg/kg, respectively. After MB injection, our data displayed a significant disruption in all hematological parameters associated with clear signs of nephrotoxicity. However, co-treatment with C.C.P at two graded doses led to an effective healing process against MB's hematological, biochemical, and histological kidney's oxidative injuries. In summary, our data suggest that C.C.P could be a prospective potent antioxidant, nephro and hemato-protective agent.

Effect of Organic Fertilizer of Potasium Humate and Sea Weed Extracts on some

Effect of Organic Fertilizer of Potasium Humate and Sea Weed Extracts on some

Removal of Methylene Blue by Red Macro Alga Euchema Spinosum Sp.: Pretreatment and Desorption Assessment

Red algae species, Euchema Spinosum (ES) in Malaysia possesses excellent biosorbent properties in removing dyes from aqueous solutions. Studies had been made on the effect of pretreatment and reusability of this species as a biosorbent for economic viability. In the present study, physical and chemical pretreatments processes were employed on the ES. Desorption using seven different eluents (hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium chloride (NaCl), nitric acid (HNO3 and deionized water). Caharacterization of ES biosorbent was conducted using FTIR to investigate the active functional group responsible in the biosorption process. It was observed that the pretreatment process does not enhance the uptake capacity of ES. Among of the six eluents used, it is suggested HNO3 as an effective eluent with 51% desorption efficiency. Through regeneration study, HNO3 as eluent can promote four times of biosorption-desorption cycles. FTIR confirm the functional groups such as –OH, –NH and –COO- are responsible for the MB dye biosorption. The experiment displays that the ES does not require any pretreatment procedure to improve biosorption efficiency and has the capability of regeneration hence suggesting that ES is indeed an economical biosorptive material for MB dye removal.

Evaluation of Biodiesel Production Using Oil Feedstock from Contaminated Macro Algae in Shrimp Farming

Evaluation of Biodiesel Production Using Oil Feedstock from Contaminated Macro Algae in Shrimp Farming

Endo-fucoidan hydrolases from glycoside hydrolase family 107 (GH107) display structural and mechanistic similarities to α-l-fucosidases from GH29

Fucoidans are chemically complex and highly heterogeneous sulfated marine fucans from brown macro algae. Possessing a variety of physicochemical and biological activities, fucoidans are used as gelling and thickening agents in the food industry and have anticoagulant, antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, and immune activities. Although fucoidan-depolymerizing enzymes have been identified, the molecular basis of their activity on these chemically complex polysaccharides remains largely uninvestigated. In this study, we focused on three glycoside hydrolase family 107 (GH107) enzymes: MfFcnA and two newly identified members, P5AFcnA and P19DFcnA, from a bacterial species of the genus Psychromonas Using carbohydrate-PAGE, we show that P5AFcnA and P19DFcnA are active on fucoidans that differ from those depolymerized by MfFcnA, revealing differential substrate specificity within the GH107 family. Using a combination of X-ray crystallography and NMR analyses, we further show that GH107 family enzymes share features of their structures and catalytic mechanisms with GH29 α-l-fucosidases. However, we found that GH107 enzymes have the distinction of utilizing a histidine side chain as the proposed acid/base catalyst in its retaining mechanism. Further interpretation of the structural data indicated that the active-site architectures within this family are highly variable, likely reflecting the specificity of GH107 enzymes for different fucoidan substructures. Together, these findings begin to illuminate the molecular details underpinning the biological processing of fucoidans.

AKTIVITAS INHIBITOR TIROSINASE PADA EKSTRAK ALGA COKELAT SARGASSUM SP. AGARDH ASAL PESISIR LHOK BUBON, KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

Seaweeds are marine macro algae that can be found attach to the bottom shallow coastal waters with subsrate as attached media. There are three major groups of seaweeds namely brown algae (Phaeophyta), red (Rhodophyta) and green (Chlorophyta). Sargassum sp is one of brown algae which mostly found in the Lhok Bubon Coastal West of Aceh. Recently, exploration of marine macroalgae as bioactive sources was investigated. Seaweed contains bioactive compound which can serve as a defense from ultraviolet radiation that caused hyperpigmentation effect. The aiming of this study is to analyse the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum sp extract from Lhok Bubon Coastal Area, West of Aceh. The results shown that the methanol extract of Sargassum sp possess phytochemical properties such as fenol, alkaloid and triterpenoid. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum sp methanol extract is the best extract which can be inhibit monophenolase with IC50 : 1111.49 µg/ml and IC50 = 1582.31 µg/ml in diphenolase pathway with kojic acid as positive control. Moreover, etyl asetate and n-hexane extract have no activity of tyrosinase inhibitor. Therefore, new finding of tyrosinase inhibitor agent from marine macroalgae Sargassum sp give the fruitfull information for cosmeceutical industry.Keywords : Lhok Bubon, Brown Algae, Sargassum sp, Tyrosinase Inhibitor

Toxic metals (As and Pb) in Sargassum elegans Suhr (1840) and its bioactive compounds

ABSTRACTSargassum elegans Suhr 1840 (Phaeophyta) is a brown marine macro alga, which is used both nutritionally and medicinally in the coastal areas of Southern Africa. Consequently, we conducted a phytochemical and analytical investigation on samples of this species collected from seven sites along the coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Sargassum elegans was found to be rich in β-sitosterol, fucosterol and phaeophytin a as confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. Concentrations of essential and toxic elements varied significantly with location and were in the order of Ca > Mg> Fe > As > Cu > Zn > Mn > Ni > Pb > Co > Se > Cr > Cd. The accumulation of As by S. elegans was also evident as concentrations ranged from 42 to 105 mg kg−1, of which, 21 to 53 mg kg−1 was in inorganic form; consumption of this species may therefore increase dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic.Abbreviation: CRM: Certified reference material; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; ICP – OES: Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy; PCA: Principal component analysis

The potential use of natural vs commercial biosorbent material to remediate stream waters by removing heavy metal contaminants

The presence of high level of heavy metals in aquatic environment is a cause of ecological and environmental concern and thus their removal from water courses is environmentally essential. Four natural inexpensive biosorbents: macro algae (Fucus vesiculosus), crab shells (Cancer pagurus), wood chippings and iron-rich soil were tested for copper (Cu2+) and zinc (Zn2+) removal from aqueous solutions. Batch equilibrations were performed at 1:100 w/v with different initial metal concentrations. Three macro algae pre-treatments (unmodified (UM algae), chemically treated (Ca-T algae) and thermally treated (T-T algae)) were additionally investigated for performance. The sorption capacities were compared with the commercial material biochar and activated carbon. The maximum level of the sorbents for Cu2+ uptake at 15.7 mM/l was attained by the natural material of UM algae (72.37 ± 0.37 mg/g) > Ca-T algae (66.77 ± 0.19 mg/g) > T-T algae (63.06 ± 0.82 mg/g), followed by the commercial material activated carbon (36.71 ± 2.20 mg/g). The maximum level of the sorbents for Zn2+ uptake at 15.3 mM/l was also achieved by the natural material of UM algae (52.40 ± 0.80 mg/g) > Ca-T algae (48.83 ± 2.01 mg/g) > T-T algae (39.57 ± 0.80 mg/g) followed by the commercial material activated carbon (20.78 ± 1.63 mg/g) and biochar (18.07 ± 1.09 mg/g). The results demonstrated that Cu2+ and Zn2+ were effectively removed by these biosorbents at all concentrations. However, at high metals concentrations, the natural material macro algae had greater Cu2+ and Zn2+ sorption capacity than the conventional sorbent activated carbon, and the affinity of these natural biosorbents were greater for Cu2+ than Zn2+. Hence, inexpensive natural and readily available materials showed potential as biosorbents to remediate polluted stream water of toxic metal contaminants.

The Effect of Feeding Some Macro Algae (Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp., Halymenia sp.) On the Growth of Haliotis squamata Abalone

Teknologi produksi benih dan pakan abalon Haliotis squamata telah berhasil dikembangankan oleh Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Laut, Gondol, sedangkan pakan untuk pendederan juvenil abalon masih memerlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut untuk memperoleh bahan pakan yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan beberapa jenis alga makro segar (Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp., Halymenia sp.) yang diberikan dalam komposisi tunggal ataupun kombinasi (7 komposisi) terhadap pertumbuhan juvenil abalon H. squamata. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 3 kali ulangan. Percobaan dilakukan dalam keranjang plastik ukuran 287 x 140 x 52 mm dengan kepadatan 25 ekor (berat badan 1,75 ± 0,08 g, panjang cangkang 21,96 ± 0,34 mm, lebar cangkang 13,37 ± 0,24 mm). Pengukuran abalon dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sekali, dan pemeliharaan abalon dilakukan selama 87 hari dengan pemberian pakan setiap 2 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa perlakuan dengan pemberian pakan kombinasi Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp., dan Halymenia sp. memberikan pertumbuhan yang paling baik pada berat badan (BB), panjang cangkang (PC), serta lebar cangkang (LC), berturut-turut yaitu 4.70±0.20 g, 30.61±0.44 mm, serta 18.94±0.26 mm, sedangkan perlakuan pakan Halymenia sp. yang terendah. Nilai rasio konversi pakan (FCR) terendah yaitu pada perlakuan Ulva sp. dan Halymenia sp. 13,55±1,06, dan tertinggi yaitu pada perlakuan Gracilaria sp. 23,89±2,63.

Inclusion effect of soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, and Saccharina japonica in extruded pellet for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846)

Inclusion effect of soybean meal (SBM) and fermented SBM (FSM) in extruded pellet for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus) was compared in abalone farm. Dietary inclusion effect of the combined macroalgae (MA) (Undaria pinnatifida and Hizikia fusiforme) and a single Saccharina japonica on abalone was also compared. Three thousand six hundred juvenile abalone were purchased from a private hatchery and acclimated to the experimental conditions for 2 weeks. Six 5-ton flow-through raceway tanks were used, and abalone were randomly distributed into tanks (n = 600 per tank). Three experimental diets were prepared in duplicate. Fish meal, FSM, corn gluten meal, and shrimp meal and wheat flour and dextrin were used as the protein and carbohydrate sources, respectively, in the FSM diet. MA was also included in the FSM diet. FSM and MA in the FSM diet were substituted with SBM at the expense of wheat flour and S. japonica, referred to as the SBM and SJ diets. The experimental diets were pelletized by an extruded pelleter. Water stability of nutrients in the experimental diets was monitored at 12, 24, and 48 h after seawater immersion. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day to satiation with a little leftover for 120 days. The retained crude protein and lipid and ash content of the extruded pellets were changed over all period of time. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the SBM diet were greater than those of abalone fed the FSM and SJ diets. Weight gain and SGR of abalone fed the SJ diet were also greater than those of abalone fed the FSM diet. The longest shell length, widest shell width, highest shell height, and greatest soft body weight were obtained in abalone fed the SBM diet, followed by the SJ and FSM diets. Proximates of the soft body of abalone were not different among the experimental diets. In conclusion, SBM was a superior protein source to FSM in extruded pellet for growth performance of abalone. Dietary inclusion of a single S. japonica was superior to the combined inclusion of U. pinnatifida and H. fusiforme in the production of abalone.

Physiological Effects of the Brown Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) and Humic Substances on Plant Growth, Enzyme Activities of Certain Pepper Plants Grown under Salt Stress

This study was aimed to examine the effects of seaweed extract (SW) and humic acid on the fruit yield, dry weight (DW%), protein, proline, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidative enzyme activity of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under saline conditions (100 mM). The obtained results indicated that salinity stress affected deleteriously plant growth and all other parameters. Besides, the treatment of seaweed (SW) and humic acid (HA) improved vegetative growth in the plant at all concentration levels applied under salinity conditions. Leaf fresh and dry weight was increased by all SW and HA applications in salinity stressed plant compared to those of control. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in antioxidant enzyme activity, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activities in the plant under salt stress and treated with SW and HA compounds. It suggests that seaweed and humic acid can enhance salt stress tolerance and leads to conservation of pepper plant against oxidative stress.