War Machine Research Articles

The Falling Sky: Words of a Yanomami Shaman by Davi Kopenawa, Bruce Albert (review)

Reviewed by: The Falling Sky: Words of a Yanomami Shaman by Davi Kopenawa, Bruce Albert Michael A. Uzendoski (bio) Davi Kopenawa and Bruce Albert. The Falling Sky: Words of a Yanomami Shaman. Translated by Nicholas Elliott and Alison Dundy. Cambridge ma: Harvard University Press, 2013. 622pp. Cloth, $39.95. The Falling Sky is a “life story, autoethnography, and cosmoecological manifestó” (1) that provides the reader with an intimate portrait of the thought and life of an extraordinary Yanomami Shaman and activist, Davi Kopenawa. The book is written in the first person, and Kopenawa weaves a fascinating narrative throughout that reflects his knowledge and experience, experience that includes not only shamanic initiation by the spirits and life among his people but also working and living among white Brazilians, Europeans, and anthropologists. The book provides a story of a shaman leaving his natal home community to travel and come to know different kinds of people. As Kopenawa details from his earliest memories, white people and their system have wrought havoc upon the Yanomami people, who have been constant victims of the aggression of whites for wealth, land, and power. Missionaries and government institutions, for example, preached about God and country but were really wanting to control and change the Yanomami, and they did not care much about the deadly diseases that they brought to the Yanomami in the process. Gold prospectors killed Yanomami people and invaded their land with little action from the state or government to stop them. The prospectors organized a massacre of Yanomami people including women, girls, and even babies—attacks that were backed by entrepreneurs. Kopenawa provides a skillful and powerful account of the Yamomami experience of white people [End Page 211] and their system, a system that continues to threaten the very existence of the Yamomami. This narrative of the “machine of cannibal war” (Whitehead 2014) of the West is but one layer of a rich and complex book that begins with Kopenawa’s life story. The first part of the book is Kopenawa’s account of how he became a shaman and the complex spirit world of the Yamomami. One of the interesting aspects of this section is the way that Yamomami shamans work with images and the body to communicate with the xapiri, the spirits who inhabit the forest and who give power to heal, see, and understand. The creation of the Yamomami cannot be separated from the origins of the whites. White people were once Yanomami brought into being by Omama, the supreme creator—who brought into being distant lands like Europe and Japan as well as the Yamomami world. Omama also decided that people should speak different languages. So what went wrong with white people? According to Kopenawa, white people do not see the xapiri, they do not follow in the ways of the ancestors, and they have turned into imbalanced, spiritually corrupt beings. Their main problem is that Yamomami spiritual ecology and love of the forest were replaced by an unhealthy arrogance and a love of merchandise. One day, for example, white people declared, “We are the only ones who are so clever! We truly are the people of merchandise!” (327). These words then drove white people to spread all over the globe to take over far off lands, cut down trees, and spoil water. In the process, as Kopenawa astutely observes, white people can no longer drink their own water, have sickened their own land, and no longer have the forests they once had. “This is why they want to do the same thing again where we live” (327). This account, crafted from the categories of Yamomami thought, explains the power of the “commodity” and how commodity-oriented thinking engenders the constant expansion and ecological destruction caused by the world capitalist system. Kopenawa’s account of the Yamomami reveals a deeply spiritual people who perceive life and life force in all living things, who work ritually with plants and images to “see” and communicate with those beings, and who value their relationship with the xapiri above all else. The xapiri songs “make our thoughts grow and keep them strong. This is why we will continue to make their images dance and...

Occupying Ukraine: Great Expectations, Failed Opportunities, and the Spoils of War, 1941–1943

AbstractThe attack against the Soviet Union was ideologically motivated, but the timing owed a great deal to military and economic considerations. German hopes largely focused on Ukraine, which was expected to be both a giant breadbasket and a reservoir of essential minerals. But plans for the economic exploitation of Ukraine were flawed from the beginning and remained inconsistent throughout the war. Substantial reconstruction efforts only began belatedly and were accompanied by brute force that combined economic logic with ideological zeal. The Nazi policies of racist repression and mass murder were, then, both a means ofandan obstacle to exploitation of the East. Yet, they were also successful: without the raw materials obtained from Ukraine, the Nazi war machine would have likely ground to a halt well before 1945. The cost of sustaining the German war effort was consequently borne, to a large extent, by the local population, which labored under appalling conditions both in the Reich and in Ukraine itself.

Mechanical Behavior and Performance of the Onager

In this paper, the mechanical behavior and performance of the onager, an ancient war machine, are analyzed. This study is based on torsional motors, as previously described. Because the onager has been investigated very little in modern times and the details given by ancient engineers are very scarce, this study starts from the available literature of both ancient and modern times. The mathematical models are developed through analytical mechanics along with integrations carried out numerically. Simulations performed provide interesting results which are in good agreement with the information recorded by ancient historians, and thus validating conjectures regarding the design of these machines. Finally, this investigation clarifies the role and effectiveness of these machines in ancient warfare, helping to understand many aspects of both ancient engineering design and historical events.

The Israel-Lebanon War of 2006 and the Failure of US Foreign Policy

This paper argues that the US encouraged the starting, continuation and even expansion of the 2006 Israeli war on Lebanon in order to achieve its own hegemonic objectives in the region. While global hegemony has always been on Washington’s agenda, in the Bush administration, with neoconservatives sitting behind influential desks in the capital, the initiative got new impetus. According to this new approach, the goal was to be advanced with the confrontation and eventual defeat of the Iran-Syria-Hezbollah-Hamas axis, a move that would help create a ‘New Middle East’ in which opposition to US-Israeli policies would not be tolerated. The paper uses a Neoclassical Realist theoretical approach to show that Washington’s miscalculation of power relations in the region led to the failure of its foreign policy. Like the Iraq War of 2003, the 2006 Lebanon War was a disaster for the US. With the encouragement and support of the Americans, the Israeli war machine fought an inconclusive war with Hezbollah, as a result of which the status of the Israeli military as the Middle East’s ‘Invincible Army’ was shattered and archenemies Hezbollah and Iran were strengthened.

‘Making a Reality of Collective Responsibility’: The Lord President's Committee, Coalition and the British State at War, 1941–42

There has recently been renewed interest in the history of the British state and party politics during the Second World War. This article contributes to that, representing the first detailed analysis of a body that became a crucial part of the Whitehall war machine, the Lord President's Committee. Established in 1940, and comprising several senior politicians, this committee had the responsibility for many aspects of domestic mobilisation. Sir John Anderson, a former civil servant turned National Government MP, converted it into a powerful vehicle for the processing of data and refinement of policy. Yet, surprisingly, there has been no integration of the Lord President's Committee within the relevant historiography, and political historians have neglected its large and important archive. Charting the period where Anderson transformed the committee into an executive arm of the state, the article enhances our understanding of the wartime government and cross-party co-operation.

Believe and Destroy: Intellectuals in the SS War Machine, by Christian Ingrao

Believe and Destroy: Intellectuals in the SS War Machine, by Christian Ingrao

The Conceptual War Machine: Agonism and the Avant-Garde

The Conceptual War Machine:Agonism and the Avant-Garde Seth Perlow (bio) When the machine takes control, we passively—and happily—acquiesce. —Kenneth Goldsmith, “Introduction to Flarf vs. Conceptual Writing” (2009)1 Descriptions of conceptual writing often refer to its celebration of the boring and uncreative. Kenneth Goldsmith, the movement’s most prominent exponent, argues that “writing should be as effortless as washing the dishes; and as interesting.”2 Indeed, many of his books seem dull as dishwater—a transcription of one day’s traffic bulletins from the radio, for instance, or one year’s weather reports. There are good reasons for this strategy to bore. The embrace of ordinariness sets conceptualists in the company of Georges Perec, Andy Warhol, Samuel Beckett, even Christopher Smart. It also makes available a familiar stable of aesthetico-political claims about defamiliarization and the critique of daily life. But if conceptualists reject the dramatics of literary invention, favoring the mundane and uncreative, then why does so much conceptual writing mediate the grim spectacles of war, genocide, and other violence? Conceptual approaches to violence vary widely, from Charles Reznikoff’s verse collage of the Nuremberg Trial transcripts in Holocaust (1975) to Fiona Banner’s shot-by-shot descriptions of Vietnam War films in The Nam (1997).3 Even Goldsmith, having said he is “getting out of the boredom business,” offers Seven American Deaths and Disasters (2013), which transcribes news coverage of assassinations, mass shootings, and the like.4 Such books do not simply underscore the banality of evil, the dailiness of disaster. Rather, conceptual treatments of war and other violence set up a tension between the writer’s cool, uncreative procedures and topics so grim that they dare the reader not to respond viscerally. [End Page 659] The recourse to violence highlights another major precept of conceptual writing: its disavowal of individual expression. Much as a transcript of weather forecasts conveys a supraindividual sense of the natural and technological systems in which we live, so conceptual war poetry eschews the personal frameworks through which we commonly respond to violence. Such work renders violence at a scale beyond that of lived experience. The conceptual war poet’s words often are not her own. She reworks existing discourse, operating within a social machine that produces texts as traces of the violence it does. Her writing calls attention to its own mechanicity and materiality; it figures the disciplinary character of our social systems and challenges the view of language as a vehicle for personal expression.5 My title thus refers to conceptualism as a “war machine” in part because it privileges mechanistic impersonality over the lived experience of war and other violence. Secondarily, conceptual writing operates as a war machine in a sense that calls up the latent militancy of the term avant-garde. The movement emerged after a remarkable period of slackening among American experimental writers, when the good feelings of pluralism masked a growing sense of stagnation. As suggested in the title of the best-known conceptualist anthology, Against Expression (2011), the conceptualists position their work against conventional writing. Their oppositional rhetoric has increased agonism among contemporary poets. Drawing analogies between conceptualists’ war on other styles and their thematic interest in violence, this essay begins by reading the rhetoric of agonism as it has informed conceptualism’s place in recent literary history. I faithlessly borrow war machine from Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. The term underscores the importance of technology and history in an account of conceptual writing’s agonism. For Deleuze and Guattari, the war machine is not a national military but a nomadic assemblage “exterior to the State apparatus,” which seeks to appropriate its violence.6 It opposes State authority more decisively than the conceptualists do, but conceptual writing powerfully affirms the proposition that “a book itself is a little machine.”7 Deleuze and Guattari position “the war machine-book against the State apparatus-book,” and they find it “opposed in every way to the classical or romantic book constituted by the interiority of a substance or subject”—precisely the antiexpressive stance of the conceptualists.8 The conceptual war machine agonizes its relation not to the State but to other avant-garde writing...

Learning as Swimming: Imaginational School Project in Deleuzean Way

This article interprets allegories of water and swimming to create smooth space in the future school, as had been used by Deleuze and other philosophers, who inspired Deleuze (S. Maimon, H. Bergson). These concepts are related to the things, which are straightly or metaphorically important for the educational field: repetition and creativity, deep diving and being on the surface, balancing between a broad field and local area, using different directions of movement, being relaxed and attentive. The proper space in the school is imagined as a flooding space that means a disorder, changing positions of things, which helps to deterritorialize space without stepping out from it. Four dangers: Fear, Clarity, Power and Disgust will be shortly described in the perspective of new school project. All these dangers according to Deleuzean war machine paralyze potentiality of creativity, except of Disgust. What do these dangers mean in the situation of the school flooding is interpreted within this article also.

Interplay of Rhizome and Education for Sustainable Development

Abstract One of the central challenges within education for sustainable development (ESD) is in empowering learners to reframe mindsets, particularly those that result in unsustainable behaviours and/or actions. This paper introduces the concept of rhizome articulated by Deleuze and Guattari (1987) and proposes that it can act as a framework for re-conceptualising processes of ESD. Key constructs within the rhizome, such as assemblages, nomadism, war machines and lines of flights, are discussed to highlight their relevance to ESD. The principles of the rhizome (connection, heterogeneity, multiplicity, signifying rupture, cartography and decalcomania) are then examined in the context of six processes necessary for effective ESD outlined by Tilbury (2011), namely, collaboration, dialogue, ‘whole system’ engagement, innovation within curricula, teaching and learning and active and participatory learning. The final section critically considers how this weaving of rhizomatic principles with the processes of ESD impacts on educating for sustainability. The rhizome has the potential to inspire educators and learners alike to become more critically aware of the interconnectivity and disruptive influences within sustainability. In this regard, the discussion ends by concluding that the reconceptualisation of ESD as rhizome or rhizomatic can foster an ontological shift towards perceiving the nature of reality as complex interconnected multiplicities.

Believe and Destroy: Intellectuals in the SS War Machine, by Christian Ingrao

Believe and Destroy: Intellectuals in the SS War Machine, by Christian Ingrao. London, Polity, 2013. ix, 432 pp. 25.00 [pounds sterling] (cloth). Christian Ingrao's book on the Security Service's (SD) intellectual elite is welcome addition to the corpus of research on the SS and the politics of genocide that has grown so massively over the past two decades. Ingrao, author of study of the Brigade Dirlewanger, is expert in the field and he sets out to olfer nothing less than a decisive reinterpretation of Nazi practices (p. viii). Methodologically, he approaches his subject by identifying group of some eighty men whose collective biography he investigates--not as cradle-to-grave narrative but with twofold research question of (a) which experiences and influences were instrumental in making group of young men with above-average education prone to National Socialism; and (b) how the ensuing convictions and beliefs translated into genocidal action. Ingrao proceeds chronologically, starting with World War I as the pivotal childhood event of his sample, and ending with the post-1945 criminal prosecution of his protagonists. Along the way, he makes number of significant observations, some of them surprising, such as the result of his in-depth reading of the SD officers' extensive CVs. Here, he notes, World War I played only marginal role and defeat did not figure at all. The war's impact, however, would feed into mindset that conceived of Germany as threatened by world of enemies. Such notions were fostered by the Weimar Republic's volkische movement with its academic strongholds. That German students were among the most vociferously right-wing groups is well-known and Ingrao can show how universities developed into clusters for future SD officers, catalyzed ideological radicalization and became hubs of career networks. After 1933-34, SS and SD expanded rapidly and Ingrao's protagonists embarked on impressive careers. Among these were Reinhard Hohn, Otto Ohlendorf, and Franz Six who, as the author suggests, was not the scholarly usurper he has been frequently made to be but an alluring young professor, with brilliant career ahead of him (p. 19). War did not imply break in these men's careers. Ingrao shows how the SD officers perceived the Osteinsatz--their service as commanders in the infamous Einsatzgruppen--as opportunity for sociobiological re-establishment (pp. 62, 128) of Gentian rule in Europe, realizing their millenarian aspirations. Arguing that the SD officers' willingness to engage in genocide was the product of fluid (p. 136) ensemble of beliefs and emotions, Ingrao skirts old-school intentionalism and insists that the motives for becoming mass murderers were dynamic and varied significantly. So did their efforts to escape prosecution or at least capital punishment when they were tried first by the Allies, then by German courts: while Six cast himself as the pure academic Ohlendorf strove for autobiographical consistency during his long spell at Nuremberg, even if that would cost his life. More influential was his construction of exculpating narratives for both the SD and Gennany, along with the intricate coordination between the defendants and witnesses, which Ingrao ably deconstructs. Not everything the author has on offer is all that new, and many of his findings support or supplement rather than correct existing research, notably Michael Wildt's comprehensive study. …

The Countercultural Potential of Citizen Science

What is the countercultural potential of citizen science? As a participant in the wider citizen science movement, I can attest that contemporary citizen science initiatives rarely characterise themselves as countercultural. Rather, the goal of most citizen science projects is to be seen as producing orthodox scientific knowledge: the ethos is respectability rather than rebellion (NERC). I will suggest instead that there are resonances with the counterculture that emerged in the 1960s, most visibly through an emphasis on participatory experimentation and the principles of environmental sustainability and social justice. This will be illustrated by example, through two citizen science projects that have a commitment to combining social values with scientific practice. I will then describe the explicitly countercultural organisation, Science for the People, which arose from within the scientific community itself, out of opposition to the Vietnam War. Methodological and conceptual weaknesses in the authoritative model of science are explored, suggesting that there is an opportunity for citizen science to become anti-hegemonic by challenging the hegemony of science itself. This reformulation will be expressed through Deleuze and Guattari's notion of nomadic science, the means through which citizen science could become countercultural.

The Collaboration: Hollywood's Pact with Hitler

<i>The Collaboration: Hollywood's Pact with Hitler</i>

Marching masters: slavery, race, and the Confederate Army during the Civil War

The Confederate army went to war to defend a nation of slaveholding states, and although men rushed to recruiting stations for many reasons, they understood that the fundamental political issue at stake in the conflict was the future of slavery. Most Confederate soldiers were not slaveholders themselves, but they were products of the largest and most prosperous slaveholding civilization the world had ever seen, and they sought to maintain clear divisions between black and white, master and servant, free and slave. In Marching Masters Colin Woodward explores not only the importance of slavery in the minds of Confederate soldiers but also its effects on military policy and decision making. Beyond showing how essential the defence of slavery was in motivating Confederate troops to fight, Woodward examines the Rebels' persistent belief in the need to defend slavery and deploy it militarily as the war raged on. Slavery proved essential to the Confederate war machine, and Rebels strove to protect it just as they did Southern cities, towns, and railroads. Slaves served by the tens of thousands in the Southern armies--never as soldiers, but as menial labourers who cooked meals, washed horses, and dug ditches. By following Rebel troops' continued adherence to notions of white supremacy into the Reconstruction and Jim Crow eras, the book carries the story beyond the Confederacy's surrender. Drawing upon hundreds of soldiers' letters, diaries, and memoirs, Marching Masters combines the latest social and military history in its compelling examination of the last bloody years of slavery in the United States.

The Domino Logic of the Darkest Moment

This essay argues that Anglo-American memories of Japan’s victory in Singapore in 1942, which British Prime Minister Winston Churchill labeled Britain’s “darkest moment” in World War II, soon would underpin the domino logic within u.s. Cold War strategy. For both American and British policymakers, Japan’s war machine had fused together in interconnected insecurity the bastions of Euro-American colonial power. In Southeast Asia, it had imposed the condition that one state’s vulnerabilities impinged upon the stability of its neighbor. This vision of Southeast Asia’s interconnected insecurity was central to the domino logic within u.s. Cold War policy. u.s. policymakers’ preoccupation with containing communism in Vietnam arose significantly from how Japan had torn into Southeast Asia from Indochina. After World War II, u.s. and British policymakers perceived Southeast Asian insecurity through both the prism of Japanese imperialism and their fears of an older “Yellow Peril"—China and Southeast Asia’s Chinese diaspora. Indeed, u.s. and British officials anticipated, as well as echoed and confirmed, each other’s suspicions that China and its diaspora would collaborate to reprise Japan’s campaign.

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this issueThe Black War: Fear, Sex and Resistance in Tasmania. By Nicholas ClementsBefore the Anzac Dawn: A Military History of Australia to 1915. Edited by Craig Stockings and John ConnorAnzac Day Origins: Canon D.J. Garland and Trans‐Tasman Commemoration. By John A. Moses and George F. DavisUndesirable: Captain Zuzenko and the Workers of Australia and the World. By Kevin WindleChequered Lives: John Barton Hack and Stephen Hack and the Early Days of South Australia. By Iola Hack Mathews with Chris DurrantThe Whitlam Legacy. Edited by Troy BramstonAustralia and the Vietnam War. By Peter EdwardsEco‐Logical Lives: The Philosophical Lives of Richard Routley/Sylvan and Val Routley/Plumwood. By Dominic HydeThe Market in Babies: Stories of Australian Adoption, By Marian Quartly, Shurlee Swain and Denise Cuthbert with Kay Dreyfus and Margaret TaftProtest, Land Rights and Riots: Postcolonial Struggles in Australia in the 1980s. By Barry MorrisFour Degrees of Global Warming: Australia in a Hot World. Edited by Peter ChristoffRefuge New Zealand. A Nation's Response to Refugees and Asylum Seekers. By Ann BeagleholeEncountering the Pacific in the Age of Enlightenment. By John GascoigneThe Kanak Awakening: The Rise of Nationalism in New Caledonia. By David ChappellThe Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century. By Jürgen Osterhammel, translated by Patrick CamillerA Social History of Twentieth‐Century Europe. By Béla TomkaThe Intellectual World of C.S. Lewis. By Alister E. McGrathThe Postwar Legacy of Appeasement: British Foreign Policy since 1945. By R. Gerald HughesThe Europe Dilemma: Britain and the Drama of EU Integration. By Roger LiddleRethinking the Weimar Republic. Authority and Authoritarianism, 1916–1936. By Anthony McElligottWeimar Thought. A Contested Legacy. Edited by Peter E. Gordon and John R. McCormickBelieve and Destroy: Intellectuals in the SS War Machine. By Christian IngraoThe Holocaust and Historical Methodology. Edited by Dan StoneTrotsky in Norway. Exile, 1935–1937. By Oddvar K. HoidalRemembering the Civil War: Reunion and the Limits of Reconciliation. By Caroline E. JanneyConstructing Neoliberalism: Economic Transformation in Anglo‐American Democracies. By Jonathan SwartsThe Two‐State Solution: The UN Partition Resolution of Mandatory Palestine—Analysis and Sources. Edited by Ruth Gavison, translated from Hebrew by Gadi WeberThe Ruling Elite of Singapore: Networks of Power and Influence. By Michael BarrImperial Eclipse: Japan's Strategic Thinking about Continental Asia before August 1945. By Yukiko KoshiroThe Politics of Sex Trafficking: A Moral Geography. By Erin O'Brien, Sharon Hayes and Belinda CarpenterIn the Interest of Others: Organizations and Social Activism. By John S. Ahlquist and Margaret LeviTheories of Multiculturalism: An Introduction. By George CrowderScience in the Twentieth Century and Beyond. By Jon Agar

The '419 Scam': An Unacceptable 'Power of the False'?

One of the more virulent manifestations of a burgeoning virtual world is the very physical waste that underwrites its proliferation. Illegal e-waste dumping in Western Africa not only wreaks havoc on the ecosystems of its destination countries, but also bolsters the arsenal of the "419 scammers" and 'data miners,' in turn. As the pernicious nature of such online fraud is protested by Western media, and the global economic inequalities that foster such deception is conveniently ignored, the material vestiges of Western privilege are unwittingly recycled into the war machines of the '419 scam.' Wilfully blind to the global conditions that perpetuate the fraud, '419'" vigilantes or 'scambaiters' take it upon themselves to hunt the scammers as a way of 'turning the tables' on their operations. An online sport steeped in colonial tradition, the redoubtable scambaiters proudly display their "trophy" catches on online forums such 419eater.com and 419baiter.com. In contradistinction to the issues of morality that pervade the commentary on methods of the 419 scammers and scambaiters alike, this paper will focus instead, on the multiple creative possibilities, that are actualised by these encounters. It is argued, that such exchanges, even in their current lamentable state, at least facilitate unforeseen connections between parts of the world that had never once spoken at all. That the successful facilitation of these scams, whether on the part of scammer or scambaiter, require a level of research into their respective subjects, that brings Africa and the West into an unprecedented 'intimacy,' Even if the outcomes are ultimately antagonistic, and the relations produced "false" ones, this paper asks whether they might be identified as the nascent stages of a more productive 'powers of the false.' to make use of a concept by philosopher, Gilles Deleuze. That the forgery and fantasy used to negotiate the scams might actually have the effect of furthering conversation about the global iniquity that inspire them in the first place.

Das maneiras de se escrever uma pesquisa

How to create a text from research between Art and Education? Much despairs come when we need to express moviments of search in writing. Here, the mannerism, style described in art’s historiography, inspire a course of learning distinct from established methodological steps. Methods are distinguished of ways, mores and manners for to think about research’s textualisation by another route than the scientific and technical texts. With Nietzsche’s legacy, concerns Deleuze’s thought and schizoanalyses that him developed with Guattari. Concepts of rizhome, line of fugue and war machine are presentes for treat the problem of “how” to make an academical work that no is a reproduction what has been written.

Mechanical behavior of the imperial carroballista

A reconstruction of an artillery piece of the Roman Imperial Army and a mechanical study of the device is presented. The reconstruction is based on some bas reliefs on the Trajan Column and the Aurelian Column and on the investigations of some authors. By means of a mathematical model of the machine, the mechanical behavior of the machine itself and hence the range figures of possible projectiles are computed. The study shows that such a lightweight and cart mounted war machine represented a powerful and effective close support artillery piece for the Roman Imperial Legions.By means of a finite element code the torsion springs constituting the elastic motors of the machine were also analyzed.

The War Machines: Young Men and Violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia by DannyHoffman. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011.

The War Machines: Young Men and Violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia by DannyHoffman. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011.

Public Religion for and against the U.S. War Machine

Public Religion for and against the U.S. War Machine