Harvesting Machines Research Articles

Planting and Harvesting Mechanization on Productivity, Energy Efficacy and Profitability of Potato Production

Potato occupied the first position among all the vegetables in respect of area and total production in Bangladesh. Effective and efficient use of energy are necessary for an improved agricultural production. Therefore, this research was undertaken for potato production to assess productivity, quantify energy flow and financial profitability of different production systems. The experimented four systems were manual planting and manual harvesting, machine planting and manual harvesting, manual planting and machine harvesting and machine planting and machine harvesting, respectively. The experiment was conducted at Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process (FMP) Engineering Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during 2017-18. Yield of potato including yield contributing characters for different treatments was not significantly varied. Direct energy was the highest in mechanical planting and harvesting system (25%) and the lower manual planting and harvesting system (18%). Indirect energy shared 82% in manual planting and harvesting system, 78% in machine planting and manual harvesting system, 80% in manual planting and mechanical harvesting system, and 75% in machine planting and machine harvesting system, respectively. The largest source of indirect energy consumption was from fertilizer (22-27% of the total energy). The higher specific energy of 1.93 MJ/kg was found in manually planted and mechanized harvesting system. The higher product value was from manual planting and mechanical harvesting system. The highest BCR (2.25) was found from machine planted and machine harvested followed by manually planted and mechanically harvested plot (2.16), machine planted and manually harvested plot (1.93) and manual planting and harvesting plot (1.91). Thus, mechanically planted and harvested system can be recommended for potato production since it can reduce 52% labour requirement than manual method and can give higher BCR among the tested production methods.

The impact of harvesting method and harvesting month on the quality of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. essential oils and oxidative stress

ABSTRACT The chemical properties of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don. (common name ‘immortelle’), depend largely on the cultivation type, climatic conditions, and cultivation methods. The time and the harvesting method are crucial for enhancing the quality of essential oils. This investigation aimed to evaluate how harvesting month affects the amount and quality of essential oils (EOs). The results showed that the qualitative properties of the essential oil were influenced by the method of harvest (by hand or by machine) and, harvesting time. Harvesting by machine gave better γ-curcumene content, and harvesting by hand gave better a-pinene and neryl acetate quality. It is also observed that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production under machine harvesting raised lipid peroxidation of membranes. In general, better qualitative properties of immortelle essential oil were obtained from manual harvesting.

Understanding the influence of tree size distribution on the CTL harvesting productivity of two different size harvesting machines

Tree size is one of the major factors that determines harvester productivity and is heavily influenced by forest managerial activities. Stand silvicultural management can lead to managing tree size, the distribution of tree size, and tree height amongst others. Understanding the effect of tree size distribution on harvesting productivity is central for optimizing management of operations. To investigate the effects of tree size distribution on harvester productivity, productivity functions for a medium and larger-sized harvester were applied to harvester derived tree size distributions from 35 clearfelled pine stands. These functions were applied to a normal distribution of trees covering the same tree size ranges. Productivity differences were analysed on a stand-by-stand basis. Results showed that for the larger harvester, productivity rates remained constant (67.1 vs. 67.6 m3·PMH− 1) indicating relatively little sensitivity to variations in tree size distributions. Although the standard deviation (SD) halved from 11.6 to 5.6 in the case of the uniform tree distribution. The smaller harvester productivity decreased by 15% from 47.3 to 40.1 m3·PMH− 1 and the coefficient of variation (CV) by 6% in the same transition to a uniform distribution. Further investigation was done on more skewed tree size distributions, a family of nine Weibull distributions was generated, representing combinations of three mean DBH classes (25 cm, 30 cm, and 35 cm) and three levels of CV (15%, 20%, 25%), for each DBH class. Results clearly indicate that different distribution shapes have different effects on different machine sizes, and that a low CV correlates to a higher productivity in larger tree sizes. A more uniform tree size distribution also provides more predictable results (lower CV), which would promote machine scheduling and result in fewer discrepancies on production rates.

Formation/Removal of Biofilms on/from Coupons of Selected Food-Grade Elastomeric Polymers vs. Plexiglass Used for the Fruit-Catching Plates of OTR Blueberry Machine Harvesters

To reduce the bruising potential of machine-harvested fresh blueberries, manufacturers of over-the-row (OTR) machine harvesters are replacing the hard, plexiglass fruit-catching plates with soft, elastomeric polymers. This study assessed whether selected soft, food-grade elastomeric polymers, with the potential to be used in OTR harvesters, have a greater likelihood to encourage more microbial buildups, making cleaning/sanitation a greater challenge. Coupons of plexiglass, silicone, neoprene, and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) were exposed to fecal coliforms from various sources for biofilm development. The coupons with developed biofilms were treated with sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, isopropyl alcohol-based quaternary ammonium compounds (Alpet D2), or commercial dish soap. Biofilms and their residuals after the sanitizer treatments were quantified. The fecal coliforms isolated from the surface of OTR harvesters developed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more biofilms than those from other sources. EPDM coupons had significantly more, while neoprene and silicone coupons had insignificantly different (p > 0.05) amounts of biofilms from plexiglass coupons. After sanitizer treatments, EPDM coupons had significantly more, while neoprene and certain silicon coupons had significantly fewer residues than plexiglass coupons. Study suggests that compared to plexiglass, neoprene and silicon did not support more microbial buildups or retain more biofilms after sanitizing treatments.

Yields, growth and water use under chemical topping in relations to row configuration and plant density in drip-irrigated cotton

BackgroundWater deficit is an important problem in agricultural production in arid regions. With the advent of wholly mechanized technology for cotton planting in Xinjiang, it is important to determine which planting mode could achieve high yield, fiber quality and water use efficiency (WUE). This study aimed to explore if chemical topping affected cotton yield, quality and water use in relation to row configuration and plant densities.ResultsExperiments were carried out in Xinjiang China, in 2020 and 2021 with two topping method, manual topping and chemical topping, two plant densities, low and high, and two row configurations, i.e., 76 cm equal rows and 10+66 cm narrow-wide rows, which were commonly applied in matching harvest machine. Chemical topping increased seed cotton yield, but did not affect cotton fiber quality comparing to traditional manual topping. Under equal row spacing, the WUE in higher density was 62.4% higher than in the lower one. However, under narrow-wide row spacing, the WUE in lower density was 53.3% higher than in higher one (farmers’ practice). For machine-harvest cotton in Xinjiang, the optimal row configuration and plant density for chemical topping was narrow-wide rows with 15 plants m-2 or equal rows with 18 plants m-2.ConclusionThe plant density recommended in narrow-wide rows was less than farmers’ practice and the density in equal rows was moderate with local practice. Our results provide new knowledge on optimizing agronomic managements of machine-harvested cotton for both high yield and water efficient.

Hydraulic Hybrid Cut-to-Length Forest Harvester—Evaluation of Effects on Productivity and Fuel Efficiency

A cut-to-length (CTL) forest harvester is a purpose-built, hydraulically actuated mobile work machine used for felling, delimbing, and cross-cutting trees into dimensions and assortments. In such a machine, the diesel engine load is known to fluctuate greatly over the work cycle. To manage these changing power demands, a hydraulic hybrid system is implemented into a full-scale proof-of-concept machine to discover its functionality and to collect experimental results in real operating conditions. The hydraulic hybrid system installed on a CTL harvester machine was tuned to enable the collection of two actual datasets of timber harvesting, and data collection over a period of production use was carried out. In addition to updating the state-of-the-art research into heavy non-road mobile machinery regarding hybrid systems, this paper discusses the two tests carried out in actual production conditions with the studied hydraulic hybrid system. The adaptations and modifications to the studied and tested system since earlier papers are discussed—especially the improvements in the system dynamics and response as well as the control of the hybrid system. In conclusion, the tested system can be said to operate satisfactorily and shows clear advantages over the conventional system, even though it still has some limitations. The results show that the system has the potential to increase the productivity of the machine through the demonstrated higher peak power, as well as showing improvement in fuel efficiency under highly fluctuating loads, especially with heavy or large-volume tree stems.

A comprehensive approach to safety for highly automated off-road machinery under Regulation 2023/1230

As of January 2027, Machine Safety Regulation 2023/1230 replaces Directive 2006/42/EC, and a proposal for the regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems is soon to be ratified by the European Council. These legislative changes address hazards from increased automation and AI integration. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) face compliance challenges due to a lack of standardized guidelines, especially for off-road machinery with level 4 ‘high automation’ capabilities.At level 4 ‘high automation’, the machine operator assumes a supervisory role, intervening only in situations beyond the designed operational domain. Relying solely on supervisor intervention at this level of automation is unreasonable. Within this context, legislative safety requirements to maintain safety advocate for robust risk management systems, including both a human-in-the-loop safety option and adequate safety-related decision-making by the level 4 ‘high automation’ off-road machine, i.e., the safe reasoning software becomes paramount.In this research, conducted through a systematic mapping study, we discuss emerging safety trends and integration for the safe reasoning software a level 4 off-road machine requires. Our analyses shows the necessity of safety constraint-based design procedures. These procedures involve constraining the AI system by embedding fault management, reasoning checks, and diagnostic monitoring together with safety-related decision-making, thereby enhancing functional reliability and reducing risks. We consider these trends and patterns through the lens of changing machine safety legislative requirements, and the proposal of the regulation of AI products. Illustrating their implications alongside a case study of a level 4 tree harvesting machine, for a tangible and to industry transferable perspective on our results.

Evaluation of fruit detachment forces and related characteristics reveals differential fruit detachments at developmental stages and cultivar differences in cashew

Cashew is an edible tree nut with great nutritional and industrial importance. Cashew fruit is unique because the true fruit (nut) grows attached to a swollen flower pedicel known as a hypocarp or cashew apple. The fruit detachment force (FDF), a quantitative measurement of the detachment of fruits from the stalk, is considered as an important parameter for the evaluation of the harvesting efficiency of machines, and the cultivar's potential for machine harvesting, and tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses. There have been no studies on the evaluation of FDFs in cashew to date. In the current study, we investigated the detachment forces of fruits at ten different stages of development according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale, a uniform coding system for different growth or phenological stages (701, 703, 705, 707, 709, 811, 813, 815, 817, 819) in ten cashew cultivars. Fruit weight (FW), FDF/FW ratio, and fruit firmness (FF) for different fruit development stages and fruit stalk scar area (SSA) of matured (819 stage) fruits were also studied. FDF, FW, FDW/FW and FF varied significantly at the different stages of fruit development among the studied cultivars. The FDF increased from 701 to 709 stages and then decreased from 709 to 819 stages in all the studied cultivars. The FDW/FW ratio reduced with the development and maturity of the fruit. In matured fruits (811–819 stages), FW and FF showed significant negative (p value = 0.028) and positive (p value = 0.015.) correlations, respectively, with the FDF. In contrast, the SSA had no significant influence on the FDFs. As the FDF has direct implications on the fruit removal efficiency, the results of this study will be useful for designing harvesting machines, screening genotypes for stress tolerance, and identifying the optimal harvesting stage in cashew.

Dynamics of soil penetration resistance, moisture depletion pattern and crop productivity determined by mechanized cultivation and lifesaving irrigation in zero till blackgram

Rice fallow black gram is grown under the residual moisture situation as a relay crop in heavy texture montmorillonite clay soil under zero till condition. Since the crop is raised during post monsoon season, the crop often experiences terminal stress due to limited water availability and no rainfall. Surface irrigation in montmorillonite clay soil is determent to pulse crop as inundation causes wilting. Therefore, zero tilled rice fallow black gram has to be supplemented with micro irrigation at flowering stage (35 days after sowing) to alleviate moisture stress and to increase the productivity as well. Hence micro farm pond in a corner of one ha field was created to harvest the rain water during monsoon season and the same was utilized to supplement the crop with lifesaving irrigation through mobile sprinkler at flowering stage for the crop grown under conservation agriculture. Soil cracking is also the common phenomena of montmorillonite clay soil where evaporations losses would be more through crack surfaces. The present study was therefore conducted to study the changes in the soil physical properties, crop establishment and productivity in conjunction with mechanized sowing and harvest and supplemental mobile sprinkler irrigation. Sowing of black gram by broadcasting 10 days prior to the manual harvest of rice, manual drawn single row seed drill after the machine harvest of rice and sowing by broadcasting at 4 days prior to machine harvest of rice was experimented separately and in combination with lifesaving irrigation. Results indicated that the number of wheel passes and lifesaving irrigation had a very strong impact on soil penetration resistance and soil moisture. Combined harvester followed by no till seed drill increased the soil penetration resistance in all the layers (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10–15 cm). Two passes of wheel increased the mean soil penetration resistance from 407 KPa to 502 KPa. The soil penetration resistance (0–5 cm) at harvest shown that black gram sown by manual broadcasting 10 days prior to manual harvest of paddy supplemented with life irrigation on 30 DAS reduced the soil penetration resistance from 690 Kpa to 500 Kpa, 740 Kpa to 600 Kpa and 760 Kpa to 620 Kpa respectively at 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10–15 cm layer. In general, moisture depletion rate was rapid in the surface layer of 0–5 cm as compared to other layers of 5–10 cm and 10–15 cm up to 30 DAS (Flowering stage). The moisture content and the soil penetration resistance had an inverse relationship. The soil penetration resistance also had an inverse relationship with the root length in which the root length lowers as the soil penetration resistance increases. The soil crack measured at 60 DAS was deeper with no till seed drill (width of 3.94 cm and depth of 13.67 cm) which was mainly due to surface layer compaction. The relative water content, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll content were significantly improved through the supplemental irrigation given on 30 DAS irrespective of crop establishment methods. The results further indicated that compaction of ploughed layer in the moist soil due to combined harvester and no till seed drill had a negative impact on yield (457 kg ha−1), which was improved by 19.03 per cent due to increased soil moisture with supplemental irrigation. The mean yield increase across different treatments due to supplemental lifesaving irrigation through mobile sprinkler was 20.4 per cent.

Theoretical study of the flight range of sugar beet chaff when it is mowed by a chaff harvesting machine

Theoretical study of the flight range of sugar beet chaff when it is mowed by a chaff harvesting machine

Comparison of Product Losses and Foreign Material Separation Efficiencies of Hazelnut Harvesting Machines under Different Orchard Yield Conditions

In this study, the possibilities of using the prototype manufactured hazelnut harvesting machine with a mechanical efficient harvesting unit and hazelnut harvesting machine with a pneumatic efficient harvesting unit in the mechanical harvesting of hazelnuts grown in flat and near flat land conditions were examined and the product losses and the efficiency values of separating foreign materials were determined to reveal how these machines affect the hazelnut harvesting system. For this purpose, the trials were carried out under five different orchard yield conditions (71.74, 143.48, 215.23, 286.97, and 358.72 kg ha-1). As a result of the experiments, the product loss and foreign material removal efficiency obtained by hazelnut harvesting with a hazelnut harvesting machine with a mechanical effective harvesting unit were determined between 34.39-37.92% and 96.91-95.62%, respectively. The product losses and foreign material removal efficiency values obtained by hazelnut harvesting machine with pneumatic effective harvesting unit were determined between 6.84-5.07% and 93.33-86.73%, respectively. The data to be obtained as a result of the study, in addition to examining the mechanical harvesting of hazelnuts, will enable the reasons for the changes that may occur in the performance characteristics of existing machines to be explained and suggestions can be made for improvement.

The Effect of Different Orchard Ground Conditions on the Performance of A Mechanical Hazelnut Harvesting Machine

In this study, the values of harvesting efficiency, field productivity, kernel productivity, kernel losses, and foreign material separation efficiency of hazelnut harvesting machine with mechanical harvesting unit were determined under different orchard ground conditions (ground preparation before harvesting (OG1) and without ground preparation (OG2)). Also, it was observed how these conditions affect the operation of the hazelnut harvesting machine. For this purpose, the harvesting efficiency, field productivity, kernel productivity and kernel losses of the hazelnut harvesting machine in OG1 and OG2 plots at 265.50 kg ha-1 orchard yield, 1600 mm working width and 1.60 m s-1 working velocity in two different orchard grounds were 96.05%, 90.15%; 8.624 h ha-1, 9.839 h ha-1; 0.116 ha h-1, 0.102 ha h-1; 778.72 kg h-1, 739.76 kg h-1; 3.95%, 9.85%, respectively. The hazelnut harvesting machine with a mechanical harvesting unit can work independently from the ground conditions and we can say that it is an alternative to other hazelnut harvesting machines. The data obtained from the study will help the decision-making process for the best selection and use by providing the necessary technical information about the functional aspects of the machine. Complete mechanization of hazelnut harvesting will lead to a decrease in labor requirements, thus increasing product profitability through a decrease in production cost. The presence of machines with high-performance characteristics in hazelnut harvesting mechanization will shorten the time the product stays on the ground and increase the quality of the harvested product.

The Characteristics of the Deformation of a Feeding Roller with Double V-Wings Honeycomb under Driven Modes with Different Rotation Rates and Axial Compressions

In this work, the roller-shaped double V-wing honeycomb (DVWH) structure was used as the object, which was designed for forest harvesting machines. The deformation characteristics of its rotation under a specific compression were studied during the feeding process for the steel feeding roller used in the traditional combined harvesting machine for trees, which is prone to damaging the wood. The compression rate (10%–15%) and rotational speed (100 mm/s–320 mm/s) were used to analyze the relationship between compression rate, rotational speed, and deformation characteristics. The deformation characteristics, characterized by equivalent stress, radial displacement sensitivity, and energy absorption efficiency, were analyzed. The results show that the deformation characteristics of the roller-shaped DVWH structure under driven mode were more sensitive to compression rate and less sensitive to changes in rotational speed. There was a positive correlation between the equivalent stress of the node and the compression rate. The peak equivalent stress of the outermost node at 10% and 15% compression rates were 111.9 MPa and 230.9 MPa. There was a negative correlation between radial displacement–compression sensitivity and compression rate, and a decrease in radial displacement–compression sensitivity from 10% to 15% compression rate at different nodes ranges from 5% to 22%. The feed performance efficiency (EF) grew from 8.3% to 12.7% for a 1% increase in compression rate.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ ЗЕРНОУБОРОЧНЫХ КОМБАЙНОВ НА ПОЧВУ С ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЕЙ ПО ДЛИНЕ ПРОХОДА

The intensive growth in the capacity of combine harvester bunkers observed in recent years is accompanied by an increase in their metal consumption and, accordingly, an increase in the pressure on the soil of the running systems of this equipment. established Significant excesses of the maximum pressure of combine wheels relative to the standard level were established by our previous studies. But, the lack of methods for comparative assessment of the impact of combine propulsion on the soil does not allow us to correctly select the most effective option for the soil conditions of specific agricultural enterprises. This publication proposes a method for comparative evaluation of combine harvesters of different classes, both in terms of pressure on the soil, which changes during the process of filling the bunker with grain, and in terms of the relative area of the field subject to compaction with different vertical loads. It was revealed that when filling the bunkers with grain, the increase in the maximum pressure on the soil of the driving wheels of the Don 1500B, Akros 550, KZS 3219 and Torum 780 combines will be 17, 43, 31 and 68 kPa, respectively, or 8.4, 19.4, 15.3 and 29.1%. With the permissible maximum pressure on the soil in the summer equal to 210 kPa, the areas of tracks of the specified combine harvesters with excess pressure will be 14.0, 24.0, 15.0 and 18.4% of the field area, respectively. In addition, the article provides a visual representation of the results of a comparative assessment of harvesting machines, including the intervals of maximum pressure of combine propellers at the beginning and at the end of filling the bunker with grain.

Peran Pemerintah Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Kelompok Tani Di Kelurahan Ompang Tanah Sirah Kecamatan Payakumbuh Utara.

this research is the inequality of power in the farmer group system which is intertwined with the community so that each farmer group's policies carry out activities in order to achieve an increase in the production of their respective farming businesses. The aim of this research is to increase welfare. The type of research used in this research is field research with a descriptive qualitative approach. Sources of data used in this study were primary data and secondary data with farmer group informants in the village of Ompang Tanah Sirah. Data collection techniques used in this study using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study used data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results in this study explain that some of the things that are felt by farmers after the existence of farmer groups are the provision of assistance for rice harvesting machines, business capital assistance, fertilizer assistance, everything becomes easier after the existence of groups as a medium for providing assistance. The most important thing as an indicator of welfare is income, because several aspects of household welfare depend on the level of income. As for the role played by farmer groups in the Ompang Tanah Sirah sub-district, such as being a forum for aspirations or deliberations for groups, farmer groups play a role in increasing people's income by holding economic empowerment, farmer groups play a role as a place to maintain and develop knowledge and mutual cooperation in farming among their members ( production units), hold regular meetings as a medium of communication between members of the Farmer Group, hold various trainings for the community in order to reduce unemployment and increase income.

Combining Image-Based Phenotyping and Multivariate Analysis to Estimate Fruit Fresh Weight in Segregation Lines of Lowland Tomatoes

The fruit weight is an important guideline for breeders and farmers to increase marketable productions, although conventionally it requires destructive measurements. The combination of image-based phenotyping (IBP) approaches with multivariate analysis has the potential to further improve the line selection based on economical trait, like fruit weight. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of image-derived phenotypic traits as proxies for individual fruits weight estimation using multivariate analysis. To this end, an IBP experimentation was carried out on five populations of low-land tomato. Specifically, the Mawar (M; 10 plants), Karina (K; 10 plants), and F2 generation cross (100 lines) samples were used to extract training data for the proposed estimation model, while data derived from M/K//K backcross population (35 lines) and F5 population (50 lines) plants were used for destructive and non-destructive validation, respectively. Several phenotypic traits were extracted from each imaged tomato fruit, including the slice and whole fruit area (FA), round (FR), width (FW), height (FH), and red (RI), green (GI) and blue index (BI), and used as inputs of a genetic- and multivariate-based method for non-destructively predicting its fresh weight (FFW). Based on this research, the whole FA has the greatest potential in predicting tomato FFW regardless to the analyzed cultivar. The relevant model exhibited high power in predicting FFW, as explained by R2-adjusted, R2-deviation and RMSE statistics obtained for calibration (81.30%, 0.20%, 3.14 g, respectively), destructive (69.80%, 0.90%, 4.46 g, respectively) and non-destructive validation (80.20%, 0.50%, 2.12 g, respectively). These results suggest the potential applicability of the proposed IBP approach in guiding field robots or machines for precision harvesting based on non-destructive estimations of fruit weight from image-derived area, thereby enhancing agricultural practices in lowland tomato cultivation.

Kajian Penerapan Teknologi Budidaya Tanaman Dan Produktivitas Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Di Kecamatan Dumoga

The objective of the study was to assess the application of crop cultivation technology and productivity of paddy rice in Dumoga District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The research was conducted from November to December 2022. The research was located in Dumoga District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province. This research was qualitative research by conducting surveys and interviews with 30 farmers in Dumoga Subdistrict using a prepared questionnaire, including the identity of farmers, farming conditions and cultivation techniques of paddy rice in Dumoga Subdistrict (North Mopugad Main Village, North Mopugad 1, North Mopugad, South Mopugad, South Mopugad 1, South Mopuya, and Amertabuana). The research location was determined by purposive sampling, namely Dumoga Sub-district, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, with the consideration that the area is the center of paddy rice production in North Sulawesi. The data analysis used was a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. The data obtained were then processed and tabulated in the form of tables and diagrams. The results showed that the application of paddy rice cultivation technology carried out by farmers in Dumoga District included the application of land preparation using a hand tractor, a single planting pattern, a direct seed planting system of direct seed planting (Tabela), the spacing used was 20×20 cm, fertilization using fertilizers (Urea, Phonska, TSP and SP36), water sources came from irrigation irrigation, pest control using pesticide active ingredients and harvesting already using harvesting machines, and paddy rice production in Dumoga District reached 4 tons of GKG, with a productivity of 1.6 tons/ha.

Petani Rasional: Gambaran Petani Benculuk Pasca Masuknya Mesin Combine Harvester

Abstract: The combine harvester machine entered and was adopted by farmers in Benculuk Village in October 2020. The combine harvester machine entered Benculuk Village due to several driving factors, namely the lack of a number of harvest workers, the mobility of farm workers to other jobs, the use of a combine machine that is more practical and efficient, the yield cleaner and more optimal, and farmers keep abreast of existing trends. Because after the introduction of the combine harvester machine it has been proven to be able to provide benefits for farmers including being able to minimize the level of crop loss, increase crop production, improve the quality of rice yields, and efficiency in the use of costs, time and energy expended. The purpose of this study was to examine the description of the rationality of farmers in Benculuk Village after the combine harvester machine was introduced. This study uses the theory of rational farmers from Samuel L. Popkin (1986). The method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Where the research location is in Benculuk Village, Cluring District, Banyuwangi Regency. The findings from this study after the introduction of the combine harvester machine to farmers in Benculuk Village changed the life order of the farmers who used it. The changes that are felt have an impact on changes in civilization, namely changes in the technological machines used by farmers when they go to paddy fields. Ecological changes that make paddy soil more muddy and watery. Economic changes, namely farmers are more profitable, as well as changes in the social life of landowners and farm workers. After the introduction of the combine harvester machine in Benculuk Village, it shows that the farmers there have become rational farmers who lead to capitalism.

Identification of mature Nutmeg using Colour Space segmentation Algorithm

Automation in Agriculture is essential to achieve a better quality harvest and alleviating the dependency on human workers. As the southern part of India is rich in spices cultivation, the work emphases on one of the spice which has got more medicinal value and commercial viability. The spice considered in this is nutmeg which is mostly cultivated in the mountain ranges of Kerala and Kanyakumari District. The identification of mature nutmeg in a large group is a bit time consuming task. The current fruit-picking methods takes a long time in fixing the clamp on the right fruit from the cluster of fruits, these leads to the cervical spondylitis problem. Recent developments in image processing and the extensive usage of autonomous platforms have provided the opportunity for fast and automatic harvesting machines. This paper proposes an image segmentation algorithm to identify the mature nutmeg. The datasets used are KAU Kochukudy, IISR Keralashree, Punnathanam and local clone. The matured fruit is identified by it’s boundaries using the boundary edge detection algorithm. The color detection method and colour space method were considered. Boundary Edge Detection algorithm is focused on identifying the edges or boundaries present in an image. Color Detection Method relies on identifying objects based on their color characteristics.Colour Space method involves converting the image from RGB color space (Red, Green, Blue) to a different color space, which may be more effective for certain types of analysis. Colour space methods outperforms image segmentation algorithm in terms of identification of matured nutmeg images with 96% accuracy. The average elapsed time was 1.150 secs. Also, the processing time to identify the right matured fruit requires much lesser time than other methods.

Performance test of the combine harvester machine for rice harvesting in Indrapuri, Aceh Besar District

Paddy is a very important agricultural crop for mankind because more than half of the world’s population and almost the entire population of Indonesia depend on this plant as a source of food. Harvesting is a very important process in rice production, because in this process it is alleged that the level of yield loss is very high. Paddy harvesting can be done by modern farming (combine harvester) and conventional (manual), therefore it is necessary to know the effectiveness by analyzing the performance and efficiency of the two ways. This study aims to examine the performance of rice harvesting using a combine harvester and conventional machines in Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar District. The results of the combine harvester research show that the theoretical field capacity is 0.42 ha/hour, the effective field capacity is 0.25 ha/hour, efficiency is 60.03%, the working capacity is 743.54 kg/hour, the fuel consumption is 10.25 L/hour, and yield loss of 1.31%. Conventional harvesting shows a field capacity of 0.0049 ha/hour/person, thresher working capacity of 172.6908 kg/hour, thresher efficiency of 98.5417%, thresher fuel consumption of 0.5147 L/hour, and the percentage of yield loss is 3.8776%. Based on data on harvesting capacity, the combine harvester shows a better performance then conventional harvesting.