Maceration Extraction Research Articles

Microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from orange peel using deep eutectic solvents

Pectin is a polysaccharide which is utilized in food, pharmaceutical and other industries. The commercial production of pectin involves mineral acids with high environmental impacts. Non-conventional green solvents such as deep eutectic solvents could potentially reduce the environmental threats of the traditional method and make the pectin extraction more sustainable and eco-friendly. In this study, pectin is extracted using maceration and microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent (MW-DES) methods from orange peel under variable operating conditions. Process conditions had positive impact on pectin containing extract yields. The best conditions consisted of choline chloride:formic acid concentration of 8 % (v/v), an extraction time of 15 min and microwave power of 360 W for MW-DES. The maximum yields were 46 and 40% for maceration and MW-DES extraction, respectively. Microwave assistance decreased the extraction time by 75% compared to maceration method. The pectin samples extracted using DES were high methoxyl type with a degree of esterification of 85.6 and 74.4% for Maceration-DES and MW-DES, respectively. The galacturonic acid and total sugar contents were found statistically same for both methods. In addition, a significantly lower galacturonic acid content was observed in DES extracts compared to that of commercial and conventional pectin, indicating the need for advanced purification steps after DES extraction. MW-DES pectin had better water holding capacity and higher viscosity compared to that of Maceration-DES. Moreover, total phenolic content of the pectin samples were found as 8.19 and 7.14 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g of sample for maceration and MW-DES methods, respectively. The findings suggest that MW-DES could be an effective and fast extraction method for pectin from orange peels. However, further research is required to determine the energy consumption and to optimize extraction conditions.

Effect of maceration, ultrasound, and microwave-assisted method of extraction on antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of free, esterified, and bound phenolics of Tulaipanji rice

Abstract The present work was designed to investigate the effect of maceration, ultra-sound, and microwave-assisted extraction on free, esterified, and bound phenolics of Tulaipanji rice (Oryza sativa L.) flour. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH, ABTS, SOD, and reducing power assays. HPTLC analysis was performed for identification and quantification of phenolics in different extracts. Total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were found significantly high (p < 0.05) in microwave-assisted extraction of bound phenolics compared with other methods. Microwave-assisted extracts showed highest DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals, SOD, and reducing power activity. Further, Pearson’s correlation study exhibited a significant positive correlation within % yield, TPC, and TFC. Significant negative correlation was found within % yield, TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. The study found that extractive value, antioxidant activity, and phenolic contents varied with the extraction methods. Microwave-assisted extraction technique showed the best performance for extraction as compared to other methods.

Assessment of the In Vitro Effects of Six Selected Plant Extracts on Xanthine Oxidase

Background: Gouty arthritis is one of the most prevalent forms of arthritis caused by the deposition of uric acids mostly in joints, due to hyperuricemia. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme of the purine degradation pathway, catalysing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and further to uric acid; increased activity leads to hyperuricemia hence a need to control XO activity. Commonly used therapeutic approach is the use of XO inhibitors. This study aimed to investigate if Vitis vinifera, Malus sylvestris fruit peels, Cymbopogon citratum leaves, Mucuna Pruriens leaves, Zanha africana roots and leaves, Mimosa pudica roots extracts have a Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory potential in vitro. Methodology: Air dried samples were crushed into powder using a mortar and pestle. Maceration and percolation extraction methods were used to obtain active secondary metabolites from plant materials at 10%w/v. Spectrophotometric assays methods were used for Xanthine Oxidase activity and inhibition studies. Results: The results of the current study showed that all aqueous plant extracts showed the presence of flavonoids. The experimental data showed significant inhibitory effects on XO activity. C. citratum inhibited XO activity by an average of 71%. M. sylvestris exhibited 68%, 61% and 64% at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively. V. vinifera exhibited 75%, 66% and 77% XO inhibitory activity at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively. Z. Africana exhibited 73%, 65% and 74% at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively. M. pudica exhibited 74%, 77% and 78% XO inhibitory activity at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively. M. pruriens exhibited 65%, 69% and 71% XO inhibitory activity at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained from the current study indicates that the flavonoids present in all plant extracts under study could be potential anti-gout agents by their inhibitory activities on Xanthine Oxidase activity

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitermite valorization of extractable substances from the heartwood of four major species of the Gabonese forest-timber sectors

The aim of this study was to focus on the chemical characterization and the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-termite properties of extractable substances from the heartwood of Tieghemella africana, Testulea gabonensis, Staudtia kamerunensis, Entandrophragma utile in Gabon with a view to their valorization. The results of cold maceration extractions revealed that the extractable content varies with wood species and solvent. The high extract contents were obtained with acetone and ethanol, except for S. kamerunensis where the levels of dichloromethane and water extracts were high, respectively, 3.40 and 6.35%. E. useful showed a high content with dichloromethane (4.15%). Phytochemical screening indicated the presence in the acetonic, ethanolic, and water extracts of the wood species several groups of bioactive molecules, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, free quinones, sterols and triterpenes, and saponins. The results of the total phenols assay corroborated those obtained during the phytochemical screening. The results of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-termite activities revealed that they vary with wood species, solvent, and concentration in terms of anti-termite activity. The strong anti-inflammatory activities were recorded with the ethanolic, acetonic, and water extracts where the EC50 values of all the essences were the lowest and close to that of our control, diclofenac (555.25 μg/mL). The ethanol extracts of the wood species showed strong activities, particularly those of S. kamerunensis and E. useful where we obtained low EC50 values of 604.13 and 602.38 μg/mL, respectively. The strong antioxidant activities were recorded with the acetonic, ethanolic extracts of S. kamerunensis and E. useful whose respective EC50 values (6.50 and 4.50 μg/mL) for S. kamerunensis and (4.50 and 3.01 μg/mL) for the E. useful. Similarly, the water extract of E. useful whose value is close to that of gallic acid (0.40 μg/mL) our control. The antitermite activity revealed that the acetone and ethanol extracts of the wood species and the water extract of E. useful at 20 mg/mL showed interesting antitermite activities. The strongest activities were recorded with the dichloromethane extracts of the wood species, where the survival rates of the termites were the lowest. Particularly with the dichloromethane extract of E. useful with a survival rate of 30% at 10 mg/mL and 1.70% at 20 mg/mL.

Pengaruh Variasi dan Konsentrasi Pelarut Terhadap Yield Antosianin Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Sebagai Pewarna Alami

One of these resources that may be used as a source of natural dyes is the telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L). Telang flower contains anthocyanin pigments that give it a blue color so that it can be used as a natural dye that can be applied to food or drinks. The purpose of this study was to determine the anthocyanin levels in the telang flower extract using various types of solvents and solvent concentrations. The solvent variations used were acetic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid with solvent concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% (w/v). The method used in this research is the maceration extraction method with a maceration time of 25, 50, 75, and 100 minutes. The results obtained The type of acid, namely acetic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid affected the anthocyanin yield, with values of 0.4729, 0.758, and 0.785 respectively at a solvent ratio of 1: 6. Variation of solvent concentration from 0.5%, 1 %, 1.5%, and 2% (v) 2% (v) acetic acid solvent can produce a maximum anthocyanin yield of 0.254 g/5 g, citric acid is 0.317 mg/5 gram, and tartaric acid is 0.343 at a concentration of 2% ( b/v).

Review On Synthetic Vs Herbal Drugs, Its Various Extraction Methods And Animal Models Related To Depression

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder The focus of the current review article is on the most recent antidepressants drugs , their mechanisms of action, their pathophysiology, their side effects, and the methods for preventing drug-induced toxicity. There is also a description of phytochemicals that have been found to have antidepressant effects. Widely used synthetic drugs are, i. tricyclic antidepression ii. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors iii. monoamine oxidase inhibitors, iv. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI) It has been reported that most antidepressants have negative health effects. An account of phytochemicals found to be acting as antidepressant is also included. Their beneficial effects to the human body have been attributed to the presence of active phytochemical ingredients with some efficiency for disease treatment as well as for beauty and health enhancement. Public awareness on the adverse effects of synthetic chemical products also increased the demand for herbal products. Highly efficient herbal processing and extraction technologies have been developed to obtain the optimal amounts of active ingredients from herbs Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction cold Maceration Extraction, steam distillation, Hot Water Extraction, microwave assisted extraction. This review focuses on recent findings regarding some of the most widely employed animal models used currently to predict antidepressant potential. Here we, studies the assessment behavioral test by using various animal models force swimming test, tail suspension Test, rotarod test. In that for study of synthetic and herbal drugs in treatment of depression. Their advantageous effects on the human body have been related to the existence of active phytochemical components that are effective in treating certain diseases as well as enhancing attractiveness and health. The demand for herbal items increased as a result of growing public knowledge of the negative consequences of synthetic chemical products.

Gallic Acid: A Wonderful Remedy in Medicinal Field

Abstract: GA (Gallic acid) belongs to the phenolic molecule that is naturally present in plants, and has an assortment of medicinal benefits on inflammation, obesity, cancer, the heart, neurological system, and the proliferation of cells. In more recent research, the anti-cancer effects via biological mechanisms such as angiogenesis, migration, metastasis, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis have been demonstrated. Anti-cancer activities of gallic acid are affected through the biological methods which involve reluctance of tumor migration, inflammation, etc. Numerous degenerative diseases, namely blood-vascular, ageing, inflammatory contagion and malignancy are brought on owing to the free radical damage because of the excess amount of free radicals produced and accretion. We carried out a comprehensive examination of the literature employing the expression of gallic acid. To review the most current advancements and clinical investigations for the pharmacological effects of gallic acid, recognized research from various reputable organizations and sites including Scopus, ClinicalTrails.gov, Science Direct, and PubMed were analyzed. This review, which offers a succinct description of gallic acid, updates the contents of clinical research and patent data, it brings forth the elaborate attainment regarding the various abundant therapeutic efficacies along with the extraction methodology of the drug that is used to obtain it, including microwave-assisted extraction and maceration extraction, among others, as well as non-chromatographic and chromatographic techniques for its isolation and quantification. Antifungal, antiulcer, antiviral, anticancer, and antibacterial properties are just a few of the pharmacological effects of naturally occurring gallic acid.

Stabilization of organic extra virgin olive oil using maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from Artemisia absinthium leaves

Olive oil is the most popular product derived from Olea europaea L. due to its organoleptic characteristics and its beneficial effects on human health. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in olive oil enrichment with medicinal plants. In this regard, Artemisia absinthium L. is an edible source of antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to improve the oxidative stability and the nutritional value of Organic Tunisian Chetoui Olive oil by its enrichment with the phenolic compounds in Artemisia absinthium. The enrichment carried out by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction did not affect the organic criteria of olive oil. The comparative study, performed during one year of storage, showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction led to the lowest final peroxide and extinction coefficient values. At the end of storage, this method increased oleic acid content and biophenol contents. Furthermore, the anti-radical activities of enriched samples were higher than the control.

Optimization Conditions of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity from Rubus alceifolius Poir Leaves.

Rubus alceifolius Poir (R.A. Poir) leaves are rich in phenolic compounds, offering many health benefits due to their incredible antioxidant potential. In this study, conditions for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from R.A. Poir leaves were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). This methodology assessed the effects of ultrasound power (X1: 100-500 W), extraction temperature (X2: 30-60°C), and extraction time (X3: 5-55 min). The optimized UAE conditions were then compared with conventional extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction: SE and maceration extraction: ME) for extracting total phenolics. A phenolic profile using GC-MS and antioxidant activity (ABTS) was also compared. According to the RSM, the best conditions for UAE to extract the highest total polyphenol content and ABTS radical scavenging activity were 320 W ultrasound power, 40°C extraction temperature, and 35.5 min sonication duration. Under these optimal conditions, the TPC and antioxidant activity reached 16.68 mg GAE/g dm and 21.9 mg TE/g, respectively, closely aligning with the predicted values. The UAE extraction technique proved to be more efficient in extracting phenolics and antioxidant capacity (ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical scavenging activity, and enzyme inhibition) compared to the conventional extraction methods (SE and ME). A GC-MS analysis identified 12 components, including 5 phenolics and 3 flavonoids, which likely contribute to the antioxidant activity. Consequently, the UAE method improved extraction efficiency within a shorter time frame, suggesting that UAE is a promising, efficient, and ecofriendly technology for extracting bioactive compounds from R.A. Poir leaves.

Optimization of Extraction Lannea coromandelica for Antioxidant Activity using Analytical Factorial Design Approach

Background: The yield of active compound in a plant can be affected by the extraction method, such as variety of solvent and extraction technique used. Objectives: This study aimed to optimize the yield of Lannea coromandelica leaf extract using several types of solvent and extraction techniques and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Material and Methods: This study used a variety of solvent like distilled water, ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate with maceration, reflux, and sonication extraction techniques. The extract obtained was calculated for the percent yield and analyzed for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method by UV -Vis Spectrophotometry with 523.5 nm maximum wavelength. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by factorial design analysis in Minitab 21 software. Results: The highest percentage yields was obtained from the extract with ethanol solvent, followed by distilled water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The highest extraction techniques was obtained from reflux and followed by maceration and sonication extracts. Analytical factorial design analysis showed that the linearity of solvent variation and extraction technique had a significant effect (P>0.05). From the analysis, it was found that there was a significant difference between the effect of the solvent on the antioxidant activities compared to the extraction technique. The extracts obtained have a very strong antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals. T Conclusions: L. coromandelica plant aquadest extract has potential to be developed in optimalization extraction method.

ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF EGGPLANT FRUIT (Solanum melongena L) ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST Propionibacterium acnes BACTERIAL GROWTH

Acne is one of the skin problems that, without our realizing it, can reduce self-confidence, despair, and even depression among teenagers and young adults. The incidence of bacterial infections is increasing with the increasing cases of resistance of bacteria, such as Propionibacterium acnes, to the side effects of anti-acne drugs. Indonesia has many plants that are beneficial to humans and have properties for treating and improving health, one of which is the eggplant. The purpose of this study is to test whether eggplant has antibacterial activity against P. acnes. The eggplant was extracted using a maceration extraction method. For antibacterial activity, well diffusion agar was used with extract concentrations of 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%. The inhibition zones of the ethanol extract of S. melongena at 60%, 70%, and 80% concentrations were 13,76 mm, 18,63 mm, and 20,79 mm, respectively, with the highest inhibition zone at 90% concentration at 20,64 mm. The ethanolic extract of S. melongena has a strong inhibitory effect on P. acnes. Keywords: antibacterial activity, Solanum melongena L, maceration, Propionibacterium acnes.

THE EFFECT OF MACERATION METHOD AND SOXHLETATION METHOD ON TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob) LEAF

This study evaluated kirinyuh leaf extract as a natural antioxidant using Soxhlet extraction and maceration extraction methods. Dried leaves of kirinyuh were extracted with 96% ethanol. The total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically according to the Folin Ciocalteu method, calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE), while the antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS. The results of the phytochemical test of kirinyuh leaf extract using maceration (EKM) and Soxhletation (EKS) methods revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The total phenolic content of EKM was 39.85 ± 0.20 mgGAE/gram and EKS was 46.95 ± 0.15 mgGAE/gram extract. Antioxidant activity in the form of IC50 EKM was 46.10 ± 0.09 mg/L and EKS was 45.27 ± 0.07 mg/L, both of them have a very strong category. There were significant differences in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the Kirinyuh leaf using maceration and soxhletation methods based on the results of the T-test. Keywords: Kirinyuh, Eupatorium odoratum, ABTS, phenolics, antioxidant.

Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids and antioxidant activity from Citrus reticulata Blanco peels (Wilking mandarin)

AbstractA large amount of waste, especially the outer part of citrus fruits (peel), is generated after consuming the pulp and it remains unused. The valorisation of this waste by recovering its bioactive compounds seems interesting. The aim of this study was to find the optimal conditions using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) that yield the highest carotenoid content and better antioxidant activity from Citrus reticulata Blanco peels.Response surface methodology (RSM) through Box–Behnken experimental design was used to optimise the conditions for carotenoid extraction using UAE. Hexane concentration, temperature, and sonication time were selected as the main factors.The results revealed that all independent variables affected the responses. The optimal UAE conditions for hexane concentration, temperature, and sonication time were 60.76%, 36.45 °C, and 37.32 min, respectively. The values of total carotenoid content (TCC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) obtained by UAE were higher than those obtained by the maceration extraction method.It can be concluded that the medium and extraction parameters, including hexane concentration, temperature, and sonication time, significantly influenced the recovery of carotenoids and antioxidant activity. The optimisation study allowed determining the appropriate conditions to maximise both responses. Compared to conventional maceration, the UAE method was superior and more efficient for extracting carotenoids from C. reticulata Blanco peels.

Extraction of bioactive compounds from Rubus idaeus waste by maceration and supercritical fluids extraction: the recovery of high added‐value compounds

SummaryHigh amounts of raspberries are wasted every year, which are rich source of bioactive compounds. Thus, raspberry waste was used to obtain the essential oil by maceration and the oleoresin by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Higher amounts of total phenolics (185 mg GAE g−1) and flavonoids (11.0 mg QE g−1) were obtained in oleoresins than in essential oil (131 mg GAE g−1 and 9.0 mg QE g−1, respectively). DPPH radical scavenging was 1350 μm TE g−1 for oleoresins and 890 μm TE g−1 for essential oil. SFE allowed the extraction of compounds not reported before in red raspberry such as a pinocembrin and farnesol. Oleoresin at 20 μg mL−1 induced a decrease in lipid accumulation during the 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation process, but no after cells were differentiated. Red raspberry waste is an important source of bioactives that can be extracted using green technologies to generate high commercial value by‐products.

Acute oral toxicity of Cannabis sativa L. co-products in mice

Cannabis sativa L. commonly known as ‘Kif’, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Cannabaceae family (Cannabis genus). It is used in traditional folk medicine to treat several diseases. The recent legalization of cannabis use for medicinal, cosmetic, and industrial purpose in Morocco (law 13.21), has enabled us to assess the potential acute toxicity of extract from its female plant co-products in Swiss mice. In this experimentation, 3 different extraction methods (maceration, decoction, and sonication) were used to determine the efficacy of cannabis extracts and investigate their acute toxicity in mice over a period of 14 days. Decoction showed the highest efficacy (19.7%), followed by maceration (16.2%), and finally sonication (5.4%). Regarding the toxicity results of the oral gavage administration dose at 2,000 mg kg-1, there were no recorded deaths and no changes in the internal organs (kidneys and liver) between treated and control groups of both male and female mice. We also found that body weight of female mice treated by decoction and maceration extracts decreased significantly compared to those treated with sonication extract throughout the experimental period, when treated and untreated male mice show no significant changes (p-value < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the LD50 may be greater than 2.000 mg kg-1. Nevertheless, the extracts showed signs of low-level toxicity such as drowsiness, hypoactivity, and tachycardia. Further studies to determine the phytochemical composition of the three extracts of C. sativa and assess the chronic and sub-chronic toxicity should be carried out.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of compounds from Citrus sinensis peels and in silico molecular docking study

The increasing prevalence of drug resistance, adverse side effects of existing antibiotics, and the resurgence of previously known infections have necessitated the search for new, safe, and effective antimicrobial agents. The peels of Citrus sinensis (300 g) were extracted using maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods with ethanol, resulting in yields of 20.99 g and 11.5 g (7%, 7.5%), respectively. Silica gel column chromatographic separation of the ethanol extract yielded N-(1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxydecan-2-y1)octanamide (1), decanoic acid (2), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside derivative (3), and (z)-ethyl tetradec-7-enoate (4). GC-MS analysis of the essential oil detected 7 chemical components accounting for 99.84% of the total composition of which limonene was found to be the predominant constituent (87.5%). In vitro antibacterial tests revealed promising zones of inhibition by ethanol extract (12.67±0.58 mm, at 150 mg/mL), compound 4 (15.67±2.88 mm, at 6 mg/mL), and compound 1 (12.00±0.00 mm, at 6 mg/mL) against E. faecalis, S. typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa, respectively, compared to gentamicin (13.00±1.73 mm, 18.00±1.00 mm, and 16.67±1.15 mm, respectively at 10 µg/mL). DPPH radical scavenging activity indicated that compound 1 exhibited an IC50 value of 0.05 mg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid's 0.016 mg/mL. In silico molecular docking studies revealed that compounds 1 and 3 had the lowest scoring poses against E. coli DNA gyrase B enzyme, human peroxiredoxin 5, and S. aureus pyruvate kinase, respectively. These findings support traditional applications of Citrus peels in treating infectious diseases, particularly against Gram-positive strains, and highlight their potential use as antibacterial ingredients in cosmetics.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS TORBANGUN LEAVES (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour)

Plectranthus amboinicus Lour. or commonly known as Torbangun leaf is a plant from the Lamiaceae family which is often used in traditional medicine because of its potential as an antioxidant. Antioxidant is a chemical compound or component that has the ability to inhibit and slow down damage due to the oxidation process when in a certain level or amount. This study aims to determine the potential of Torbangun leaf extract (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour.) as an antioxidant. This research is an experimental laboratory with maceration and fractionation extraction methods. Ethanol extract of Torbangun leaves, methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane fractions were tested using the DPPH (1,1diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazyl) method measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results showed that the ethanol extract of Torbangun leaves had antioxidant activity, namely 80.8% ethanol extract, 43.4% methanol fraction, 85.7% chloroform fraction, and 59.6% n-hexane fraction. Results showed that chloroform fraction had the highest antioxidant activity compared to other solvents.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of static maceration in view to optimize continuous flow extractions of robinetin and dihydrorobinetin from Robinia pseudoacacia wood

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to study solid-liquid extraction applied to Robinia pseudoacacia. Experimental and simulation studies on maceration and continuous flow extractions were performed at various solid-solvent ratios and flow rates. To validate the CFD modeling results, parameters such as diffusivity or diffusion coefficient and kinetic parameter of the extracts were estimated from experimental kinetic data. A good agreement was found between the CFD model and the experimental data. The mass diffusivity of the extracts in the liquid phase was 1.7 × 10−7 m2/s (R2=0.985) and 1.8 × 10−7 m2/s (R2=0.992) for dihydrorobinetin (DHR) and robinetin (Rob). Moreover, the phase change coefficient was 1.2 × 10−4 and 1.6 × 10−4 1/s for DHR and Rob, respectively. In addition, static maceration was combined with continuous flow extraction. The optimal condition was 213 min of static maceration followed by a flow of 1 mL/min for 465 min to obtain yields of 45.18 and 6.64 mg/g DHR and Rob, respectively.

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS phytochemical investigation, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of Moroccan Rosa canina L. extracts

The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic composition and evaluate the biological properties of Rosa canina L. fruits. Three extraction methods (ultrasonic, maceration, and Soxhlet) were used to prepare the methanolic extracts. LC-MS analysis detected new phenolic compounds including phenolic acids (cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid), flavonols (quercetin glucoside, quercetin-glucuronide, quercetin-pentoside, kaempferol-glucoside), and hydrolyzable tannins (digalloylglucose, pyrogallol-2-O-glucuronide). According to Folin-Ciocalteu test, the TPC values were 138.47, 141.10, and 140.49 mg GAE/g extract for ultrasonic, maceration, and Soxhlet method, respectively. This phenolic richness was confirmed by the antioxidant power tests and FRAP assay. The ultrasonic extract presented IC50 of 30.12 μg/mL for the DPPH test, the Soxhlet extract had a concentration of 264.33 μmol TE/g extract for the ABTS test, and the maceration extract showed a level of 87.26 mg AAE/g extract, according to the FRAP assay. The anti-diabetic activity was determined by an α-amylase inhibition test. Based on this test, R. canina fruits revealed a significant antidiabetic activity (65.28%) for the ultrasonic extract at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. In conclusion, the hips of R. canina could be a natural source of potentially useful bioactive compounds for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress.

Development of innovative antioxidant food packaging systems based on natural extracts from food industry waste and Moringa oleifera leaves

Active packaging that prolongs food shelf life, maintaining its quality and safety, is an increasing industrial demand, especially if integrated in a circular economy model. In this study, the fabrication and characterization of sustainable cellulose-based active packaging using food-industry waste and natural extracts as antioxidant agents was assessed. Grape marc, olive pomace and moringa leaf extracts obtained by supercritical fluid, antisolvent and maceration extraction in different solvents were compared for their antioxidant power and phenolic content. Grape and moringa macerates in acetone and methanol, as the most efficient and cost-effective extracts, were incorporated in the packaging as coatings or in-between layers. Both systems showed significant free-radical protection in vitro (antioxidant power 50%) and more than 50% prevention of ground beef lipid peroxidation over 16 days by indirect TBARS and direct in situ Raman microspectroscopy measurements. Therefore, these systems are promising for industrial applications and more sustainable farm-to-fork food production systems.