Freeze-drying Technique Research Articles

IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SOLUBILITY AND IN VITRO DISSOLUTION RATE OF DEFLAZACORT BY COMPLEXATION WITH Β-CYCLODEXTRIN THROUGH FREEZE DRYING PROCESS

Deflazacort is a poorly water-soluble drug and is practically insoluble in water. The objective of this study was to improve the solubility of deflazacort by using as solubility enhancer β-cyclodextrin and also to study the effect of the water-soluble polymer PEG 4000 on solubility of the deflazacort:β-cyclodextrin binary system. The inclusion complexes of deflazacort with β-cyclodextrin in 1:1 w/w, 1:2 w/w and 1:3 w/w proportions were prepared by kneading, microwave irradiation and freeze-drying techniques. The in vitro dissolution study showed improved dissolution rate for deflazacort for freeze-dried binary deflazacort: β-cyclodextrin 1:2 w/w complex, as compared to ternary deflazacort:β-cyclodextrin: PEG 6000 1:2 w/w complexes, plain deflazacort, physical mixtures and complexes prepared by kneading and microwave technique. This was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder x-ray diffraction study, scanning electron microscopy and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Thus, deflazacort:β-cyclodextrin complex with improved solubility was successfully developed using freeze drying technique.

Aerosol Performance of Beta-carotene Supplementation Prepared by Spray and Spray-Freeze Drying

The goal of the present work is to find a suitable method for developing β-carotene aerosols by varying core (active material) to wall (excipient) ratios (1:10, 1:25, and 1:50). For this, spray freeze drying (SFD) and spray drying (SD) techniques were adopted to develop aerosols. The results revealed that aerosols from SFD had low density and free-flowing behavior; whereas, SD samples were cohesive. SFD aerosols were porous and SD samples had smooth structures, with sizes of 8.3 to 9.3 and 9.3 to 9.6 µm, respectively. All formulations exhibited good mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMADt) of 3.75 to 6.96 µm and % emitted dosage was found higher in SFD aerosols (around 57 to 60%). Release of β-carotene through the in-vitro study was found higher in SFD samples and controlled release was observed in 1:50 formulation. In 12 h release, around 64% and 74% contents were released from SD and SFD aerosol samples, respectively. Particle density, size, and morphology strongly affect particle deposition in the lungs’ and this approach can be conveniently scale-up for pulmonary supplementation of food bioactive compounds.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose/bacterial cellulose cryogel dopped silver@titanium oxide nanoparticles: Antimicrobial activity and controlled release of Tebuconazole fungicide

Cryogel materials are composed of porous and lightweight structures that can be used for many industrial applications, particularly, in agriculture for the controlled release of Tebuconazole fungicide. Accordingly, we prepared environmentally friendly cryogel using natural polymers such hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and bacterial cellulose (BC). The cryogel was formed by blending aqueous solutions of both HEC and BC, which was then crosslinked with glyoxal and the mixture was underwent to drying using freeze drying technique. Different concentrations of the as prepared silver@titanium oxide nanoparticles (Ag@TiO2NPs) were incorporated within the cryogel formation in order to increase its antimicrobial efficiency. A mode pesticide Tebuconazole was encapsulated in the cryogel platform in order to control the release of Tebuconazole. Thus, the developed cryogel which was porous, cheap and had an antimicrobial effect, controlled pesticide release suggesting that it is a potential candidate for agricultural applications.

Surface Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biocompatibility of Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resins Coated with Reynoutria elliptica Extract.

We conducted surface characterization to assess the biocompatibility and investigate the antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens in autopolymerizing acrylic resins, coated with light-curable coating resin, containing various concentrations of Reynoutria elliptica extract (0, 200, 400, and 600 µg/mL). The R. elliptica extract powder was prepared using a freeze-drying technique. Further, a goniometer and microhardness tester were used to determine the water contact angle, and Vickers hardness, respectively; color measurements were performed on the uncoated and coated acrylic resin disks. The polyphenol content of the extracts from the coated acrylic resin disk was analyzed using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the coated acrylic resin disk against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was observed for 24 and 48 h by measuring the optical density using spectrophotometry. In addition, biocompatibility was confirmed by testing the cell viability according to ISO 10993-5. The water contact angle, Vickers hardness, and color change values of the coated acrylic resin disks were not significantly different from the control. Polyphenol was detected in all experimental groups, with no significant differences between the experimental groups. The experimental groups exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans compared to the control group, after 48 h of incubation. The cell viability between the control and experimental groups was not significantly different. The proposed coating resin containing R. elliptica extract is applicable on dental acrylic resins, due to their antimicrobial properties and excellent biocompatibility, with no deterioration of surface characteristics.

Encapsulation and Degradation Kinetics of Bioactive Compounds from Sweet Potato Peel During Storage.

SUMMARYResearch backgroundThe aim of this work is to evaluate utilization of sweet potato peel as a source of bioactive compounds. The effect of solvents (acetone and acetone/ethanol mixture) on the extraction efficiency of total carotenoids and phenolics from sweet potato tuber, flesh and peel, and antioxidant activity were investigated. Sweet potato peel extract stood out in terms of antioxidant activity and was chosen for encapsulation by spray and freeze-drying.Experimental approachEncapsulation is an effective method to improve phytochemical stability by entrapping the core material with a coating agent. In this study, spray and freeze-drying techniques were applied for improving the stability of bioactive compounds (carotenoids and phenolics) using whey protein as a coating material. The main advantages of the applied techniques over the other encapsulation techniques are simplicity, continuity, effectiveness, availability and applicability.Results and conclusionsPhysicochemical characteristics revealed that spray drying resulted in the formation of lower size particles, better flow properties and encapsulation efficiency of carotenoids. The retention of encapsulated and non-encapsulated bioactive compounds was monitored during storage in daylight and dark conditions. Storage conditions affected the carotenoid retention, whereas higher degradation rate of all samples was observable in daylight. Phenolic compounds exhibited higher retention in all investigated samples. Degradation kinetic parameters suggest the longer shelf life of spray dried encapsulated extract and potent method for stabilization of bioactive ingredients.Novelty and scientific contributionThis study demonstrates that the spray drying technique and utilization of sweet potato peel have a big potential for the development of functional additives with improved nutritional, colour and bioactive properties.

Bentonite Reinforced Chitosan Scaffold: Effect of Bentonite Exfoliation on Scaffold Properties

Chitosan is under investigation as a biodegradable scaffolding material for tissue engineering. Crosslinked chitosan alone cannot form a self-supporting scaffold; hence, it needs reinforcement. The group reported the fabrication of chitosan scaffolds reinforced by exfoliated (E) and nonexfoliated or pristine (P) bentonite and compared their properties. Scaffolds were fabricated through the freeze-drying technique. Bentonite was exfoliated by allowing it to swell in water for a certain time interval. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) profile showed that swelling reduced the crystallinity of bentonite. Both types of bentonite dispersed well in the chitosan matrix and imparted structural stability to the scaffolds. Scaffolds had interconnected pores; apparent porosity of scaffold with E-bentonite was higher than of scaffold with P-bentonite. The scaffolds swelled almost 35% in 3 d without losing structural integrity. The scaffolds could be compressed to 50% of their original height. The compression modulus of the scaffold with E-bentonite was higher than that of the P-bentonite scaffold.

Effect of Cryoprotectant Concentration on Starter Culture Viability Sinbiotic Yogurt with Freeze Dried Sweet Potato Extract Supplementation

Synbiotic yogurt with purple sweet potato extract supplementation as prebiotics and Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13 isolated from buttermilk as probiotics has potential as functional food, but requires low storage temperatures. The freeze drying technique requires cryoprotectant as a protective material for products such as yogurt. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sucrose concentration on the level of viability of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactobacillus plantarum. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with one factor : concentration of sucrose as cryoprotectant: 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and was carried out in three replications. The results showed that the concentration of sucrose significantly affected the yield of freeze dried synbiotic yogurt, total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) after freeze drying, and total Lactobacillus plantarum before and after freeze drying, but did not significantly total amount of LAB before freeze drying. The best treatment, shown in frozen dried synbiotic yogurt with a sucrose cryoprotectant concentration of 5%. The treatment has the following characteristics: yield, 14.797%, total Lactic Acid Bacteria 1.98x 109 CFU / ml before freeze drying, 9.28x 108 CFU / ml after freeze drying, total Lactobacillus plantarum 8.23 x 108 CFU / ml before freeze drying and 6.81 x 108 CFU / ml after freeze drying.

Stability of Instant Coffee Foam by Nanobubbles Using Spray-Freeze Drying Technique

Instant coffee with stable foam is considered to be an important parameter for consumer preference and acceptability. For foam sustenance, nanoscale bubbles are more useful compared with microbubbles, due to their high specific area and high stagnation in the liquid phase (without undesirable liquid drainage). The technique that produces nanobubbles in coffee would concomitantly produce and preserve the coffee foam, the best. Spray-freeze drying (SFD) is known to be more effective for the production of instant coffee, compared with conventional spray drying (SD) and freeze drying (FD) techniques. However, its efficiency in the production of nanobubbles has not been explored. To address the issue, in the present study, SFD has been employed to produce instant coffee, and the findings have been compared with SD and FD. The coffee powder obtained with SFD produced a foam with higher stability that also comprised of nanobubbles, in contrast to SD and FD powders. The FE-SEM analysis of SFD foam showed the presence of nanobubbles in the range of 100–200 nm. When the beverage was prepared, the SFD coffee powder dissolved in water at 90 °C produced an excellent foam. The said foam structure was intact up to 2400 s (40 min), and lost only 89.5 ± 2 mm of foam height, during the experiment. Thus, apart from instant coffee, a stable foam in coffee comprising nanobubbles can also be achieved through the SFD.

In-vitro and in-vivo studies of PLA / PCL / gelatin composite scaffold containing ascorbic acid for bone regeneration

Bone cells require solid support similar to the extracellular matrix networks for repairing damaged areas of the bone. Selecting materials and manufacturing process of scaffold is a fundamental challenge in tissue engineering which are always investigated. The current study is attempted to fabricate a scaffold that provides appropriate properties for bone tissue engineering. Due to the positive effect of ascorbic acid on bone healing, a highly porous 3-D Polylactic acid/Polycaprolactone/Gelatin (PLA/PCL/Gel) scaffold containing different concentration of ascorbic acid were prepared by combining electrospinning and freeze-drying techniques. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies such as assessing surface morphology, FTIR, porosity, compressive strength, water contact angle, degradation rate, releasing profile, PH alteration, hemolysis, alizarin red staining, cell proliferation, and cell attachment were performed to evaluate mechanical and biological properties of the fabricated scaffold. For further investigation, a rat calvaria defect model was used to evaluate its effect on bone regeneration. The results showed that scaffolds had porosity of about 80% which is sufficient for cell penetration and migration. Moreover, by adding ascorbic acid, compress strength and contact angle decreased while the scaffold degradation increased. All of the groups have in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that among different groups, PCL/PLA/Gel/AA5%-treated group had better effect on cell proliferation and bone healing. The obtained results indicate that prepared scaffolds play a positive role in osteogenesis and growth pattern of culture.

Production and application of freeze dried biocomposite coating powders from sunflower oil and soy protein or whey protein isolates

Innovative biocomposite coating powders based on soy protein isolate or whey protein isolate, both containing sunflower oil (SO) were fabricated by freeze drying technique. The influences of concentration of SO and using different protein isolate types on the physicochemical, thermal and morphological properties of the powders were investigated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis revealed that SO interacted with protein isolates through hydrogen bonding resulted a strong network structure of the powders. It was found that amorphous structure and morphology of the powders was not significantly influenced by oil addition. Moisture content and water activity values of SPI powders were found higher than those of WPI. All powders were wettable, and solubility values were in the range of 91–99%. Preservative-free powders were reconstituted and applied to coat sliced cakes, a bakery product. Coating application showed effective protection on textural structure of cake by high moisture preservation ability.

Controlled Release Fertilizer Encapsulated by Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Chitosan Using Freeze-Drying Method

A new encapsulation of NPK fertilizer hydrogel granules made from glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan has been successfully fabricated. This designed fertilizer was aimed to maximize the fertilizing process in the soil, as the environmental pollution affected by the excess release of the nutrients can be prevented. The granule was prepared from biodegradable chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde by applying a method of air and freeze-drying. The release test proved that this designed fertilizer showed a good performance as a Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) in which the hydrogel granules could absorb and deposit large amounts of NPK. Later on, they could also release large amounts of NPK as well, unlike several types of CRFs. The release percentage of NPK out of the granules tended to decrease with an increase of pH at a range close to the average pH of the soil, which is neutral to base. Comparing two methods, the freeze-drying technique, which yields a bigger pore size, showed a higher release percentage than air-drying. The release kinetics of the granules followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.

DEVELOPMENT OF OTOLITHS-INCORPORATED SODIUM ALGINATE AND GELATIN-BASED 3D SCAFFOLDS FOR BONE ENGENEERING APPLICATIONS

Objective. The goal of this study was to develop, characterize, and assess the cytocompatibility of otoliths-incorporated sodium alginate and gelatin scaffolds. Study design. Cynoscion acoupa derived otoliths, characterized by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FRX), particle size, free lime, and fire loss were incorporated into scaffolds of sodium alginate (ALG/OTL-s) and gelatin (GEL/OTL-s), developed by a freeze-drying technique. Scaffolds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), swelling tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity assays were performed using J774.G8 macrophages and MC3 T3-E1 osteoblasts. Results. TGA/DTG, DSC, FTIR, and SEM data suggested the proper interaction of the otoliths with the scaffolds. GEL/OTL-s swelling index (63.54 ± 3.0%) was greater than ALG/OTL-s (13.36 ± 9.9%; P .05) but significantly higher than the Triton-X-treated group (P .05). However, in 48 hours, growth indexes of control were similar to ALG/OTL-s (P> .05) but greater than GEL/OTL-s (P

Hydrothermal synthesis of V2O5 nanospheres as catalyst for hydrogen sulfide removal from sour water

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanospheres were synthesized hydrothermally for the first time with high specific surface area. The effect of different parameters including pH level, H2O2/H2O volume ratio and reaction temperature on the precipitate yield was investigated, and the highest yield was attained at the pH level of 3, H2O2/H2O volume ratio of 0.01 and the reaction temperature of 160 °C. Freeze drying, oven drying and vacuum drying methods along with auxiliary processes were employed to improve the drying process and minimize the aggregation of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). Two auxiliary processes were used prior to drying in the oven to improve the performance of drying. Firstly, precipitates were immersed in ethanol to get replaced in place of water molecules in a week. The precipitates were then dried at room temperature for a week to evaporate their moisture. In vacuum drying method, only the second auxiliary process was employed. In freeze drying technique, the segregate and uniform nanospheres of V2O5 were produced with an average diameter of 37 nm. Generally, the employed additional treatments cause the drying techniques to enhance and the extent of particles aggregation to reduce. Finally, the application of the synthesized NPs as catalyst was investigated for the elimination of H2S from sour water with the initial concentration of 1300 ppm. The sour water was provided from Shiraz Oil Refinery Company. Results revealed that the synthesized NPs enable to completely eliminate hydrogen sulfide from sour water with 20% greater conversion at early contact seconds as compared to commercial V2O5 powder.

Chemical characterization, release, and bioactivity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis polyphenols from freeze-dried sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose matrix

Abstract Crude ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was encapsulated with sodium alginate–sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using freeze-drying techniques. The microcapsules were characterized for particle size, morphology, physicochemical parameters, and micromeritics properties. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the microcapsules were also demonstrated. Results revealed an irregular-shaped microparticles with a mean diameter ranging from 6.7 to 26.6 µm. Zeta potential and polydispersity index ranged from −17.01 to 2.23 mV and 0.34 to 0.49, respectively. Percentage yield ranged between 70.4 and 81.5 per cent whereas encapsulation efficiency ranged between 74.2 ± 0.011 and 82.43 ± 0.77 per cent. Swelling index and solubility varied inversely with extract concentration, with a range of 54.4%–84.0% and 18.8%–22.2%, respectively. Antioxidant activities varied directly with the concentration of the extract. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the microcapsules against Gram-positive foodborne pathogens ranged from 0.19 to 3.12 and 0.19–12.25 mg/ml, respectively. The Higuchi model indicated a time-dependent, delayed, and regulated release of polyphenols at 37°C. The results suggested that alginate–CMC possessed good encapsulant properties that preserved the bioactive extract, thus might be employed for application of natural products in food systems.

Physical and Functional Properties, Digestibility, and Storage Stability of Spray- and Freeze-Dried Microencapsulated Bioactive Products from Moringa stenopetala Leaves Extract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and functional properties, in vitro digestibility, and storage stability of microencapsulated bioactive products from the Moringa stenopetala leaf extract using spray- and freeze-drying techniques. The techniques and the coating materials used had significant (p < 0.05) effects on these properties. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and digestibility of the freeze-dried microencapsulates were significantly higher than those of the spray-dried microencapsulates. The storage stability of the spray-dried microencapsulate was better than that of the freeze-dried one. Even though the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity of the freeze-dried microencapsulate were greater than those of the spray-dried one, its EE and storage stability were lower. Therefore, the spray-drying technique with MDHP coating can be used for the microencapsulation of the bioactive compounds from the M. stenopetala leaves extract.

Enhancing proton conductivity of phosphoric acid‐doped Kevlar nanofibers membranes by incorporating polyacrylamide and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride

Freeze-drying (fd) technique is an effective and facile method to accumulate nanofibers for membrane preparation, and it has been frequently reported in the development of energy materials. Kevlar as amide nanofibers (ANFs) could serve as support materials for proton exchange membranes (PEMs) owing to the merits of exceptional stiffness and strength, etc. The aim of this research is to enhance the proton conductivity of phosphoric acid (PA)-doped Kevlar membranes by incorporating polyacrylamide (PAM) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (bmimCl) with freeze-drying technique. The components of PAM and bmimCl could provide the binding sites to combine PA molecules with the formation of Kevlar/PAM/bmimCl/PA membranes. Furthermore, the prepared membranes with the freeze-drying posttreatment are substantially more effective at enhancing proton conductivity owing to the combination of more PA molecules. Specifically, Kevlar/PAM/bmimCl(fd)/PA membranes showed the anhydrous proton conductivity of 2.64 × 10−1 S/cm at 180°C and 1.04 × 10−1 S/cm at 140°C in a 270-hour non-stop test. As regard to the prepared PA-doped Kevlar/CdTe-based membranes, the mechanical strength was far from what was expected. Comparing to the solution casting method, the freeze-drying technique was a feasible strategy to deal with ANFs for exploiting high-temperature PEMs with high performance.

Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Carotenoids of Dried Loquat Fruit cv. 'Algar' Affected by Freeze-, Convective-, Vacuum-Microwave- and Combined-Drying Methods.

The effect of different drying techniques (freeze, convective, vacuum-microwave and combined drying) on the drying kinetics, the phytochemical compounds and sensory characteristics in loquat cultivar ‘Algar’ was studied. The convective drying resulted in the highest amount of total hydroxycinnamic acids (5077 mg/kg wet weight (ww)), with 3-caffeoyl quinic acid and 5-caffeoyl quinic acid being the greatest carotenoids. The highest values of total carotenoids were obtained by the freeze-drying technique (2601 mg/kg ww), followed by all convective treatments and vacuum-microwave at 360 W. The highest carotenoid was β-carotene. The ABTS+• (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and FRAP (Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power) values ranged from 2.04 up to 3.27 mmol Trolox/100 g ww, and from 1.89 up to 2.29 mmol Trolox/100 g ww, respectively. As expected, the color difference of freeze-dried samples was the lowest (7.06), similar to combined drying conditions (9.63), whilst the highest value was found after convective drying (37.0). All treatments were sensory acceptable (no off-flavors). However, still, further research is needed to fully optimize these studied drying treatments because the freeze-dried sample still had higher carotenoid content and better instrumental color parameters. Although recently the impact of microwave drying has been studied, this is the first work comparing phytochemical composition of loquat fruit under the different drying methods mentioned above.

Effects of lamellar microstructure of retinoic acid loaded-matrixes on physicochemical properties, migration, and neural differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells

Abstract In this study, retinoic acid loaded-PLGA-gelatin matrixes were prepared with both freeze-casting and freeze-drying techniques. Herein, the effect of unidirectional microstructure with tunable pores on release profile, cellular adhesion, migration, and differentiation was compared. Morphological observation determined that highly interconnected porous structure can be formed, but lamellar pore channels were observed in freeze-casting prepared constructs. The absorption ratio was increased, and the biodegradation rate was decreased as a function of the orientation of microstructure. The in-vitro release study illustrated non-Fickian release mechanism in both methods, so that erosion has predominated over diffusion. Accordingly, PLGA-gelatin scaffolds prepared with freeze-drying technique showed no adequate erosion due to the rigid structure, while freeze-casting one presented more favorable erosion. Microscopic observations of adhered P19 embryonic cells on the scaffolds showed that the freeze-casting matrixes with unidirectional pores provide a more compatible microenvironment for cell attachments and spreading. Besides, it facilitated cell migration and penetration inside the structure and may act as guidance for neuron growth. Improvement in the expression of neural genes in unidirectionally oriented pores proved the decisive role of contact guidance for nerve healing. It seems that the freeze-cast PLGA-gelatin-retinoic acid scaffolds have initial features for nerve tissue regeneration studies.

Physicochemical Characterization, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Dissolution of Glimepiride-Captisol Inclusion Complexes.

This present study investigated the effect of Captisol, a chemically modified cyclodextrin, on the in vitro dissolution of glimepiride. We prepared glimepiride–Captisol complexes of different mass ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 w/w) by a physical mixing or freeze-drying technique, and found that complexation with Captisol enhanced the water solubility of glimepiride. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation predicted complex formation; at the same time, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscope indicated molecular interactions that support complexation. We also found that an inclusion complex was better than a physical mixture in enhancing the complexation of glimepiride with Captisol and enhancing water solubility. Phase solubility study of the glimepiride–Captisol complex showed an AL-type profile, implying the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex. The study also revealed that pH influenced the stability of the complex because the stability constant of the glimepiride–Captisol complex was higher in distilled water of pH ∼6.0 than in phosphate buffer of pH 7.2.

The 3D-Printed Bilayer's Bioactive-Biomaterials Scaffold for Full-Thickness Articular Cartilage Defects Treatment.

The full-thickness articular cartilage defect (FTAC) is an abnormally severe grade of articular cartilage (AC) injury. An osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) is the recommended treatment, but the increasing morbidity rate from osteochondral plug harvesting is a limitation. Thus, the 3D-printed bilayer’s bioactive-biomaterials scaffold is of major interest. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were blended with hydroxyapatite (HA) for the 3D-printed bone layer of the bilayer’s bioactive-biomaterials scaffold (B-BBBS). Meanwhile, the blended PLA/PCL filament was 3D printed and combined with a chitosan (CS)/silk firoin (SF) using a lyophilization technique to fabricate the AC layer of the bilayer’s bioactive-biomaterials scaffold (AC-BBBS). Material characterization and mechanical and biological tests were performed. The fabrication process consists of combining the 3D-printed structure (AC-BBBS and B-BBBS) and a lyophilized porous AC-BBBS. The morphology and printing abilities were investigated, and biological tests were performed. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to predict the maximum load that the bilayer’s bioactive-biomaterials scaffold (BBBS) could carry. The presence of HA and CS/SF in the PLA/PCL structure increased cell proliferation. The FEA predicted the load carrying capacity to be up to 663.2 N. All tests indicated that it is possible for BBBS to be used in tissue engineering for AC and bone regeneration in FTAC treatment.